| 000 -LEADER |
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| fixed length control field |
02275nam a2200193Ia 4500 |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION |
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| control field |
20151006152645.0 |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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| fixed length control field |
150525s2013xx 000 0 und d |
| 041 ## - LANGUAGE CODE |
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| Language code of text/sound track or separate title |
eng |
| 082 ## - DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION NUMBER |
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| Classification number |
1755,T |
| 100 ## - MAIN ENTRY--AUTHOR NAME |
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| Personal name |
Umar Draz |
| 110 ## - MAIN ENTRY--CORPORATE NAME |
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| Location of meeting |
Ms. Sehrish Firyal |
| 245 ## - TITLE STATEMENT |
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| Title |
Level Of Amylase From Human Saliva Deposited On Fruit First Bite Mark |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. (IMPRINT) |
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| Year of publication |
2013 |
| 502 ## - DISSERTATION NOTE |
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| Dissertation note |
Saliva is colorless fluid which consists of epithelial cells, enzymes, non enzyme protein and inorganic components. Saliva is secreted by three glands in mouth. One is parotid gland, second is submandibular gland and third is sublingual gland. There are two types of amylases in human. One is salivary amylase, while other is pancreatic amylase. The salivary amylase is secreted by salivary gland while pancreatic amylase is secreted by pancreas. The salivary amylase is present in saliva, perspiration and breast milk. Pancreatic amylase is present in blood, feces and urine. Saliva stain is very important at crime scene for forensic investigation. Majority of techniques used for detection of saliva are based upon the presence of salivary amylase. Human saliva can serve for identification. One can extract DNA from saliva stain and generate DNA profile, whereby individual can be identified who is a source DNA profile that is generated from saliva stain. In present study level of salivary amylase was determined from human saliva deposited on fruit with first bite mark. Apple, peach and apricot were selected for this experiment. Ten males and ten females were selected to bite on fruits. The time interval was used as variable for determining the level of amylase. The time intervals were 0 hour, 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours and 48 hours. Samples were collected from bite mark area on fruit. The samples collected from apples and apricot pits were positive for amylase activity till 48 hours. The samples collected from peach were positive till 12 hours. The samples collected from peach were negative after 24 hours. This research indicates that salivary DNA could be found on bite mark area on apple and apricot pit till 48 hours.
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| 650 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical Term |
Department of Forensic Science |
| 700 ## - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Dr. Mohammad Ashraf Tahir |
| 700 ## - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Prof. Dr. Tahir |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) |
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| Koha item type |
Thesis |
