Evaluation Of Heavy Metals In Local And Imported Butter
By: Ghazala Begum (2011-VA-09) | Ms. Isbah Hameed.
Contributor(s): Dr. Saif ur Rehman Kashif | Dr. Zubair Farooq.
Material type: BookPublisher: 2017Description: 38p.Subject(s): Environmental SciencesDDC classification: 2927-T Dissertation note: Dairy products are considered the main parts of our daily breakfast. Butter is actually the milk fat. Butter contains traces of lactulose. Butter is the essential part of our daily breakfast. Butter plays key role in nutrition of human body. Buttercontains fat, vitamins, proteins, calcium, water that is very necessary for the developments of human health. To avoid diseases butter is essential to maintain the human’s health.Butter contains 30% water and 70% fat. Agriculture and industries are playing the role in the degradation of environment. The road way pollution enhances contamination of soil. Weathering and smelting are the main source of heavy metals in the soil. The contaminated soil grows plants through which toxic metals transfer to the plan and hence becomes the part of food chain. Milk is the main source of the transferring of the metals in the processed products. Other process manufacturing process also enhances the toxic metals in the end products. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the heavy metals in butter that are to be safe for human consumption. Two groups of butter as imported and local selected. The samples were collected from different super markets in Lahore. The selected butters are as Emborg butter UK, Kerrygold butter Ierland, Lurpk butter Denmark, Assel butter UAE, Brllr sunflower Turkey, Nwar butter Dubai, Meadowlea butter Australia, Mumtaz butter Dubai, Nurpur Butter Sargodha, Adams white butter Sahiwaal, Dairy milk butter Lahore, Sufi milk butter Lahore, Creamy butter Faisalabad,Punjab dairy butter Lahore, Homemade butter. Digestion of the samples was done by diacid method. 1g sample and add 10 ml of diacid mixture in a kjeldhals flask. After that diacid mixture was heated at 150 C for 1 hour and then at 250 C till the completion of digesion. The end point was vine green and clear water (John 1984 Method). Then make the final volume up to 25ml. Then heavy metals analysis was done by the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Polarized Zeeman Z-8230 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) after calibrating the instrument for each metal by feeding respective standards. .The heavy metals are as follows. Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cu and Fe. Result shows the some of the butters follows the standard values. Some of the butter exceeds the limits given by WHO. Only high concentration of lead (Pb) 0.36ppm in Embourg butter, 0.56 ppm in Adams exceeds the permissible values.High concentration of Chromium(Cr) 0.22 ppm in Assel butter and 1.53 ppm in Adams butter. High concentration of Copper 23.25 ppm in Mumtaz butter and 12.74 ppm in Sufi milk butter. Remaining metals Nickel, Ferric, Zinc and chromium follows the permissible values.Item type | Current location | Collection | Call number | Status | Date due | Barcode | Item holds |
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Thesis | UVAS Library Thesis Section | Veterinary Science | 2927-T (Browse shelf) | Available | 2927-T |
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Dairy products are considered the main parts of our daily breakfast. Butter is actually the milk fat. Butter contains traces of lactulose. Butter is the essential part of our daily breakfast. Butter plays key role in nutrition of human body. Buttercontains fat, vitamins, proteins, calcium, water that is very necessary for the developments of human health. To avoid diseases butter is essential to maintain the human’s health.Butter contains 30% water and 70% fat. Agriculture and industries are playing the role in the degradation of environment. The road way pollution enhances contamination of soil. Weathering and smelting are the main source of heavy metals in the soil. The contaminated soil grows plants through which toxic metals transfer to the plan and hence becomes the part of food chain. Milk is the main source of the transferring of the metals in the processed products. Other process manufacturing process also enhances the toxic metals in the end products.
The purpose of our study is to evaluate the heavy metals in butter that are to be safe for human consumption. Two groups of butter as imported and local selected. The samples were collected from different super markets in Lahore. The selected butters are as Emborg butter UK, Kerrygold butter Ierland, Lurpk butter Denmark, Assel butter UAE, Brllr sunflower Turkey, Nwar butter Dubai, Meadowlea butter Australia, Mumtaz butter Dubai, Nurpur Butter Sargodha, Adams white butter Sahiwaal, Dairy milk butter Lahore, Sufi milk butter Lahore, Creamy butter Faisalabad,Punjab dairy butter Lahore, Homemade butter. Digestion of the samples was done by diacid method. 1g sample and add 10 ml of diacid mixture in a kjeldhals flask. After that diacid mixture was heated at 150 C for 1 hour and then at 250 C till the completion of digesion. The end point was vine green and clear water (John 1984 Method). Then make the final volume up to
25ml. Then heavy metals analysis was done by the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Polarized Zeeman Z-8230 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) after calibrating the instrument for each metal by feeding respective standards. .The heavy metals are as follows. Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cu and Fe. Result shows the some of the butters follows the standard values. Some of the butter exceeds the limits given by WHO. Only high concentration of lead (Pb) 0.36ppm in Embourg butter, 0.56 ppm in Adams exceeds the permissible values.High concentration of Chromium(Cr) 0.22 ppm in Assel butter and 1.53 ppm in Adams butter. High concentration of Copper 23.25 ppm in Mumtaz butter and 12.74 ppm in Sufi milk butter. Remaining metals Nickel, Ferric, Zinc and chromium follows the permissible values.
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