Dengue is caused by single stranded RNA virus that belongs to genus flavivirus and is a mosquito born disease. There are four serotypes of dengue virus DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4. Signs and symptoms of dengue virus are high fever, severe headache, rash, muscle pain, retro-orbital pain and leucopenia. Incubation period is 4-7 days. There are three type of dengue fever named as dengue fever, dengue hemorrhage fever and dengue shock syndrome. More severe form of dengue is dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS).
Hypothesis of this study was that dengue virus is prevalent in Tehsil Jatoi District Muzaffargarh. Data was collected from individual in a face to face interview. Thirty clusters were selected and in each cluster seven (7) elementary unit (individuals) were sampled. A cross-sectional survey was conducted and blood samples were collected from individuals by using aseptic technique. The blood was drawn from the antecubital vein, from elbow or from the back side of a hand. Swab was applied to avoid bleeding.
A total of 210 apparently healthy individuals were sampled from thirsty clusters and serum was observed through ELISA for confirmation of Dengue fever disease. 27 were found positive and 183 were negative for DF out of 210 sera samples.
The data analysis was done by using “R” software. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to estimate the effect of each explanatory variable on the outcome. Overall weighted seroprevalence was recorded as 13.54 %, (95% CI, 8.144-18.92). This means that DENV was circulating in Tehsil Jatoi district Muzaffargarh, while data on risk factors were obtained through
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a detailed predesigned questionnaire from participants in a face to face interview translated into local language (Saraiki) after taking written consent from the individual.
To identify the risk factors for Dengue fever disease seroprevalence, multivariable logistic regression were performed. The result showed that age (OR: 3.084, 95% CI: 1.180-8.061) was risk factors for dengue fever and anti-mosquito spray (OR: 0.349, 95% CI: 0.122-0.997) was protective (OR<1) factor against dengue fever disease. Variable with significant univariable relationship at P < 0.25 were selected for inclusion in the final model
The study had provided successful estimate about the risk factors and seroprevalence of Dengue Fever. The finding of above study will be published. These finding could be utilized by the policy maker to control the epidemic of DF in population.