General anesthesia is frequently used throughout the word in birds and experimental animals for different purposes. There are two techniques were used for general anesthesia, one is injectable and other is inhalational. Different drugs used for injectable anesthesia are ketamine, medetomidine, detomidine, xylazine etc. Drugs used for inhalational anesthesia include isoflurane, sevoflurane, nitrous oxide, halothane etc.
The present study was conducted to compared the different injectable and inhalational anesthetics for their effect on temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, induction time, anesthesia time, recovery duration and oxygen saturation in birds of different groups.
For this purposes 15 pigeons were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups A, B and C. Each group contained 5 pigeons. Group A was treated with ketamine, group B with xylazine and group C with isoflurane. After administration of these drugs with respect to their group then we noted the temperature, pulse rate and respiratory rate for every 15 min interval, and also noted the induction time, anesthesia time, and recovery duration for each group. Oxygen saturation was checked only in group C.
The result of our trial was that, the ketamine treated pigeons of group A showed hypothermia, bradycardia and respiratory depression. The induction and recovery was fast but rough while the duration of anesthesia was long.
The xylazine treated pigeons of group B also showed hypothermia, bradycardia and respiratory depression but their induction and recovery time was long and smooth. The muscles relaxation was present and there was low quality anesthesia, about all reflexes were present.
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The birds of group C which were treated with isoflurane did not show any significant change in temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate (TPR) and oxygen saturation. The induction and recovery both were fast and smooth. The duration of anesthesia was desirable, how long duration we need it gave the anesthesia of choice.
The present study proved that isoflurane was the best anesthetic for the painful and long surgeries. The muscles relaxation was good. It has no side effects. The effect of isoflurane on TPR was negligible. The induction and recovery both are rapid and smooth. By using isoflurane all reflexes were absent. The data of injectable and inhalational anesthesia was analysed by ANOVA ONE, least significant difference (LSD) in all groups and pair t test in group C with the help of SPSS version 20.
Isoflurane can be used as safe and durable anesthetic in pet birds as well as in animals. It has low cost as compared to other inhalant anesthetics like sevoflurane etc. It facilitate both owner and veterinarian in long run surgeries or other painful procedures.
The results of this study helped the surgeons to choose the effective anesthetics both injectable or inhalational for performing safe surgery or other painful procedures to avoid adverse effects of anesthetics in different clinically birds.