1.
Prevalence And Risk Analysis Of Coxiella Burnetii In Soil Of Faisalabad And Gujranwala Districts
by Zia Ul Hasnain (2007-VA-290) | Dr. Muhammad Zubair Shabbir | Dr. Arfan Ahmed | Dr. Muhammad Yasir Zahoor.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Coxiella burnetii is a causative agent of Q-fever, a widespread zoonosis. The effective adaptation of C. burnetii to intracellular existence is in contrast with its ability to survive in the environment outside the host cells and its resistance to chemical and physical agents. Besides nutrients and minerals, soil is aggregate of number of pathogens. Many of those organisms are of zoontoic importance and have significant threat to public health. One of these is Coxiella burnetii that has been reported from other countries including the neighboring to Pakistan. Its occurrence in soil, clinical significance and importance to human and animal health has been reported; nevertheless nothing is known of C. burnetii in Pakistan particularly in rural setup where human and animals are in close proximity to each other as well as the fact that how different risk factors can be implicated in its spread and survival in the soil. PCR helps to identify the organism on the basis of its genome and it is highly preferable over other conventional detection assays. Soil borne C. burnetii has not shown any association with different risk factors. The factors include presence or absence of pathogens with or without animal interaction, distance from animal market, main road, canal, animal and human density in a village under study. PCR technique was used to identify C. burnetii in the soils of Faisalabad and Gujranwala district. Soil samples (n= 730) were collected from each village of the both districts and processed for genome extraction using commercial soil DNA extraction kit. The extracted DNA from the soil samples was run further for PCR analysis of transposase IS1111a followed by standard gel electrophoresis technique. Only 6 (0.82%) samples were positive out of 730. Furthermore pathogens prevalence was geographically mapped in relation to roads, canals,
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rivers, drains, animal and human population to determine the risk areas according to intensity of identified pathogens for both districts. Odd Ratio was calculated to access the association in terms of absence or presence of pathogens with particular risk factors, which did not show any kind of association between pathogen and risk factors. The phylogenetic analysis of C. burnetii shows different convergence percentage with the isolates of worldwide i.e., Namibia (99.53%), Brazil (100%), Taiwan (99.53%), India (99.07%).
Study was contributed to understand about the previously unrevealed prevalence of C. burnetii in soil of district Gujranwala and Faisalabad together with risk factor analysis implicating possible health significance as well as survival in the soil. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2312-T] (1).
2.
Clinico-Theraputic Trial Of Grain Overload In Cattle
by Muhammad Mughees (20015-VA-436) | Dr. Jawaria Ali Khan | Dr. Syed Saleem Ahmed | Dr. Arfan Ahmed .
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Ruminants are adapted to digest and metabolize predominantly forage diets; however, growth rates and milk production are increased substantially when ruminants consume high grain diets. One consequence of feeding excessive amounts of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates in conjunction with inadequate fiber to ruminants is subacute ruminal acidosis, which is characterized by periods of low ruminal pH that resolve without treatment and is rarely diagnosed. Dairy cows, feedlot cattle, and feedlot sheep are at risk of developing this condition.
The present study was performed in district Kasur in University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Patoki campus and adjacent areas. Clinical examination of 35 cattle of any breed, age and sex with the history of grain overload/carbohydrate engorgement and showing the sign of Distended rumen, Subnormal temperature, Diarrhea, Depression, Dehydration, Inactivity, Weakness and Anorexia. A total number of 30 animals suffering from lactic acidosis were observed. The ruminal fluid and blood of the affected animals were collected pre-treatment as well as post-treatment to determine their pH values and serum lactate. After processing the diseased animals, treatment trials were run.
A total number of 35 animals were included in this study. They were divided into four groups as A, B, C, and control group. Group A, B and C had 10 diseased animal in each while control group had 5 healthy animals for the reference values. Sodium bi carbonate was given as a treatment to Group A animals at a dose rate of 1g/kg of body weight orally once, Magnesium hydroxide was given as a treatment to Group B animals at a dose rate of 500/450kg of body weight orally once and a combination of Ginger and Ajwain was as a treatment to Group C animals at a dose rate of 100g + 100g orally once. No treatment was given to control group of 5 healthy animals. Ruminal fluid samples and blood samples of all animals were collected for pH and serum lactate values.
Grain engorgement is the managmental disease of cattle in district Kasur.A survey was conducted for a period of 6 months. Convenient sampling was adopted. 5ml of whole blood was collected into test tube from jugular vein using 16 gauge needle and was allowed to clot at room temperature for 1hr to obtain serum.
Serum pH was measured by using vide range of pH indicator paper and pH meter. The ruminal fluid was collected through stomach tube. Ruminal fluid pH wasmeasured by using pH indicator paper and pH meter. A detail predesigned questionnaire was developed for data collection according to inclusion criteria i.e. age, breed, sex, history, severity of signs, management system and vaccination etc.
Data was analyzed using one way ANOVA technique. After this study we are able to know and reduce the major causes & risk factors associated with grain engorgement in large Ruminants.We are able to adopt the different protocols for diagnosis and treatment of grain engorgement.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2812-T] (1).
3.
A Study Of Risk Factors And Chemotherapy Of Patent Stongyloides Westeri Infection In Foals In Lahore
by Saima Batool (2015-VA-837) | Dr. Jawaria Ali khan | Dr. Muhammad Avais | Dr. Arfan Ahmed.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Data is available on prevalenc of strongyloideswesteri in foals which cause diarrhea and its allopathic treatment is also available but there is no data available on herbal treatment of s. westeri and best protocol of allopathic drugs. So the purpose of the study is to study the incidence of S. westeri in foals. The risk factors associated with S. westeri and to develop the best treatment protocol for S. Westeri. The hypothesis of this study is; Identification of risk factors that was associated with S. westeri and efficacy of Allopathic verse herbal drugs was determined against S. westeri. Fecal samples were collected from foals. Gloves were lubricated with lubricating material before the sampling. Sample will be collected directly from rectum of the foals. The fecal material was collected in the properly labeled plastic jar. The samples were processed and examined in the Medicine Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore. Direct smear examination was carried out for the of S. westerieggs under microscope. For quantitative analysis, Mac Master Technique was used. The positive foals were divided into three groups A, B and C to check the efficacy of drugs on S. westeri. These groups were going through to chemotherapeutic trials with different groups of medicines including herbal and allopathic. Herbal medicine was Ginger (zingiberofficinale) and allopathic were oxibendazoleand ivermectin. Milk samples were also collected from newly parturated mares then evaluation and biometery of larvae was also done just to study the risk factors that transfer larvae from dam to foal through colostrum. Comparison and Identification of eggs and larvae in milk along with treatment effect were analyzed by Chi Square method using the SPSS software 22 version. The data obtained from this study revealed that:
The main source of S. westeri infection was milk of dams. The larva of S. westeri passed through the dam’s milk to foals.
The prevalence of S. westeri was strongly associated with the risk factor such age, colostrum intake, species, breed, dite, environment, water supply and deworming treatments.
Vaccination had no effect on prevalence of S. westeri.
Allopathic drugs are more efficient against S. westeri infection in foals as compared the herbal drugs.
The efficacy of Ivermectin was more as compared to Oxibendazole.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2817-T] (1).
4.
A Study Of Risk Factors And Chemotherapy Of Patent Stongyloides Westeri Infection In Foals In Lahore
by Saima Batool (2015-VA-837) | Dr. Jawaria Ali khan | Dr. Muhammad Avais | Dr. Arfan Ahmed.
Material type: Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Data is available on prevalenc of strongyloideswesteri in foals which cause diarrhea and its allopathic treatment is also available but there is no data available on herbal treatment of s. westeri and best protocol of allopathic drugs. So the purpose of the study is to study the incidence of S. westeri in foals. The risk factors associated with S. westeri and to develop the best treatment protocol for S. Westeri. The hypothesis of this study is; Identification of risk factors that was associated with S. westeri and efficacy of Allopathic verse herbal drugs was determined against S. westeri. Fecal samples were collected from foals. Gloves were lubricated with lubricating material before the sampling. Sample will be collected directly from rectum of the foals. The fecal material was collected in the properly labeled plastic jar. The samples were processed and examined in the Medicine Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore. Direct smear examination was carried out for the of S. westerieggs under microscope. For quantitative analysis, Mac Master Technique was used. The positive foals were divided into three groups A, B and C to check the efficacy of drugs on S. westeri. These groups were going through to chemotherapeutic trials with different groups of medicines including herbal and allopathic. Herbal medicine was Ginger (zingiberofficinale) and allopathic were oxibendazoleand ivermectin. Milk samples were also collected from newly parturated mares then evaluation and biometery of larvae was also done just to study the risk factors that transfer larvae from dam to foal through colostrum. Comparison and Identification of eggs and larvae in milk along with treatment effect were analyzed by Chi Square method using the SPSS software 22 version. The data obtained from this study revealed that:
The main source of S. westeri infection was milk of dams. The larva of S. westeri passed through the dam’s milk to foals.
The prevalence of S. westeri was strongly associated with the risk factor such age, colostrum intake, species, breed, dite, environment, water supply and deworming treatments.
Vaccination had no effect on prevalence of S. westeri.
Allopathic drugs are more efficient against S. westeri infection in foals as compared the herbal drugs.
The efficacy of Ivermectin was more as compared to Oxibendazole
Availability: No items available
5.
Genetic Variation In The Promoter Region Of Pro Inflammatory Cytokine Tnf-Α Among Hiv Infected People In Lahore
by Shahid Nawaz (2015-VA-437) | Prof. Dr. Tahir Yaqub | Dr. Arfan Ahmed | Dr. Asif Nadeem.
Material type: Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Despite of the fact that HIV is one of the most studied virus of the present time, so far there is no legitimate cure for the treatment of HIV AIDS, and in most cases AIDS is often fatal. Immune response has always been vital to cope with any disease. In context of immune response TNF-α is mainly released by the macrophages as a pro inflammatory cytokine. Studies have shown that HIV infected persons have higher concentration of TNF-α released. A particular single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is observed at -308 position of the promoter region of TNF- α gene due to which TNF is categorized into TNF1 and TNF2 allele. TNF2 allele is associated with higher concentration of TNF- α which in turn is associated with HIV infection. In order to know the particular association in the population of Lahore we designed this study. The hypothesis was that SNP at -308 position of the TNF- α may be associated with HIV infection. Methodology was designed as follows: 15 HIV positive samples and 15 HIV negative samples were taken and categorized into group A and B respectively. Whole Blood samples were taken from the patients and subjected to DNA extraction using commercially available kit (Favorgen blood DNA mini extraction kit). Specific primers were used to amplify the particular region (-308) of TNF- α through PCR. A small amount of PCR products were subjected to restriction enzyme Ncol. Sequencing was done and the results were analyzed using specific bioinformatics tools such as NCBI. -308 region of the TNF-alpha was analyzed for the SNPs (TNF1 and TNF2). Collected data was analyzed through SPSS for association studies. Outcome could be as follows: The study is designed to identify SNPs at -308 position of the promoter region of TNF-α gene. It will enable us to understand the possible association between TNF- α and HIV AIDS. It will be the first ever study regarding TNF- α and AIDS in Pakistan. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2833-T] (1).
