1.
Libido And Mating Behaviour Of Buffalo Bulls
by Anzor, M | Manzoor Ahmed | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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not fiction
Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0038,T] (1).
2.
A Study On The Effects Of Natural Haemohnchosis On Total Erythrocytic Count, Haemoglobin, Serum Total Protein,
by Munawar Sultana Ch | Tufail Muhammed Khan | Asif Rabbani | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0130,T] (1).
3.
A Study Of Pathology Of The Higher Dietary Levels Of Calcium In Broiler Chicks
by Arif Ismail, M | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Tufail Muhammed Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0131,T] (1).
4.
Effect Of Natural Fascioliasis On Blood Total Serum Protein, Bilirubin And Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetuc Transminase In Sheep
by Ajab Khan | Tufail Muhammed Khan | Asif Rabbani | Manzoor Ahmed basra | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1986Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0132,T] (1).
5.
Detection Of Rabies Virus In The Salivary Glands And Negri Bodies In The Grain Of Dogs By Fluorescent Antibody Technique
by Khalid Saleem | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Tufail Muhammed Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0143,T] (1).
6.
A Study On The Incidence And Pathology Of Salmonella Pullorum In Poultry In And Around Lahore
by Akif Nafees | Tufail Muhammed Khan | Altaf Hussain | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0147,T] (1).
7.
Study On The Effect Of Borrelia Aserina Infection On Blood Parameters In Different Age Groups Of Broiler Chickens
by Qasim Awan, M | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Tufail Muhammed Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0148,T] (1).
8.
Studies On The Effects Of Aflatoxins On Growth Traits And Toral Serum Protein, Serum Bilirubin And Sgot In Broiler Chicken
by Nasir Baig, M | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | tufail Muhammed Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0165,T] (1).
9.
A Study Of Glucose Potassium & Iron Level In Serum Of Buffaloes Suffering From Parturient Haemoglubinuria In NWFP
by Adatullah | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Muhammed | Zafar iqbal Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Some blood and urinary parameters were studied on 70 buffalo-cows (50 suffering from parturient haemoglobinuria and 20 healthy animals) in this experiment. The animals were divided into three groups i.e; Group 'A" comprising of 17 animals affected with pre-parturient haemoglobinuria, Group "B" comprising of 33 animals affected with post parturient haemoglobinuria and Group comprising of 20 healthy animals.
The blood parameters studied were serum glucose, serum potassium and serum iron. All the three blood parameters were significantly high in animals affected with pre- parturient and post-parturient haemoglobinuria as compared to the control group animals. The values of serum glucose were respectively 78.8, 71.9 and 50.9 mg/dl in group A, B and C.
The values of serum potassium were 14.3, 13.2 and 4.7 in.mol/L in group A, B and C respectively. Serum iron values of 32.6, 29.9 and 27.3 u inol/L were recorded in group A, B, and C respectively.
The urine samples from all the 70 animals belonging to group A, B and C were examined for the presence of haemoglobin, which was present in all the animals belonging to group A and B (animals affected with haemoglobinuria) and urinary PH. The PH values in the affected groups A & B were significantly higher (8.96 in both A & B groups) as compared to the control group C (8.09).
The urinary phosphorus values were also determined in this experiment. The phosphorus values were significantly lower in the affected groups A & B as compared to the control group C. -
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0215,T] (1).
10.
Study Of Haematology And Sodium, Potassium Levels In Serum Of Broilers Affected With Hydropericardium
by Arshad, M | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Muhammed | Zafar Iqbal Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Haematology as well as serum electrolytes (Na, K) were studied in HPS-induced broilers. Morbid livers from birds affected with i-EPS were triturated, centrifuged and the result in gsupernaiant was used as inoculum. -
One hundred and twenty broiler chicks at 21 days of age were divided into four groups, each group was comprised of 30 birds. Chicks in Groups A, B and C were administered with HPS Inoculum through oral, subcutaneous and intramuscular routes, respectively whereas the chicks in Group D served as control. Clinical symptoms observed were depression, ruffled feathers, gasping and disinclination to move. Blood samples were collected on 4th, 8th and 12th day post-inoculation. 1 he total leukocytes increased significantly (P < 0.01). In contrast, total erythrocytes and haemoglobin contents were decreased ( P < 0.05) in subcutaneously and intramuscularly-induced HPS Groups. Oral route of HPS - inoculation did not cause any change in these two parameters.
Serum sodium concentrations were significantly (P < 0.01) decreased due to I IPS-inoculation. Potassium concentrations were significantly increased (P < 0.05) only in subcutaneously anti intramuscularly-induced HPS infection whereas potassium concentrations on 4th, 8th and 1 21h day post - inoculation were not found different among themselves.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0225,T] (1).
11.
A Study On The Effect Of Insecticide On Various Organs & Blood Parameters Of Poultry
by Razzaq, A | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Muhammed | Tufail Ahmed Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The investigation was conducted to study the effects of organochiorine insecticide (BHC) on the hematology and liver, kidney and spleen in chickens.
One hundred day-old broiler chicks were reared upto two weeks of age , then they were divided into four groups i.e. A, B, C and D (25 chicks in each group). Group A was maintained on a feed containing 100 mg BHC/kg feed. Group B was given a water contaminated with BHC at a dose rate of 100 mg/liter. Group C was reared on a litter which was sprayed with 0.65% BHC. 'ihe litter treatment was repeated at an interval of seven days. Group D was kept as control. All groups were kept under close observation for the development of signs and symptoms of BIIC toxicity. The blood from 5 chicks in each group was collected by slaughtering at
the age of 14 days, 21 days, 28 days, 35 days and 42 days. From the collected blood haematologicai alterations (TLC, TEC, DLC, PCV and Hb estimation) were studied and pathological changes in spleen, liver and kidney were compared with the control group. flefore slaughtering the weight of the birds were also taken.
Weight of the birds was recorded before slaughtering, there was a significant decrease in weight in groups A, B and C as compared to control group D and there was significant increase between 21-35 days, 21-35 days and 28-42 days.
Antemortem symptoms were recorded throughout the experiment and observed that feed intake of the treated groups was decreased, growth was retarded significantly. The treated birds were reluctant to move, hypersensitive, dull and depressed with ruffled feathers
In postmortem examination the main necropsy findings were small hemorrhages throughout the body muscles, hepatomegaly and swollen kidneys in groups A and B. The muscular hemorrhages were not recorded in group C.
The main histopathological lesions of liver and kidney included vascular congestion, cloudy swelling, vacuolization, hemorrhages, leukocytic infiltration and necrosis. There were no microscopic changes in spleen of groups A and B after 21 and 28 days, but in groups A and B after 35 and 42 days vascular congestion, hemorrhages and necrosis were observed.
Haematologlcal alterations were studied in all the three treated groups A, B, C and control group
D. There was no significant difference found in erythrocytlc count, hemoglobin estimation and packed cell volume amongst all the groups, at all the ages. The total leukocytic count showed a significant increase in groups A, B and C as compared to control group D and there wa also a significant increase between 21-28 days, 21-35 days and 21-42 days in groups A, B and C. The differential leukocytic count showed a significant decrease in lymphocytes and eosinophils in all the three groups i.e. A, B and C throughout the treatment while heterophils and monocytes increased significantly in all three treated groups as compared to control group D, but there was no change in basophils.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0226,T] (1).
12.
Effects Of Natural Dicrocoeliasis On Different Blood Parameters & Serum Bilirubin Level In Sheep
by Alia Bano | Mubasher saeed Mian | Asif Rabbani | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0235,T] (1).
13.
Estimation Of Calcium, Phosphorus & Copper Levels In Serum Of Buffaloes, Suffering From Parturient
by Shaukat Ali | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Mubasher Saeed Mian | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: 75 buffaloes suffering from parturient haemoglobinuria and 25 healthy buffaloes were recorded for study. The samples and data were collected from 8 districts of Punjab. (Sargodha, IChushab, Gujranwala, Shekhupura, Okara, Sahiwal, Kasur and Bahawalnagar). Buffaloes in prime age and good health were mostly affected near parturition or after parturition. The highest percentage of cases was noted in 3rd lactation (36%), January (46.44%) and in post-parurition conclisition (88%). The Analysis of urine samples of affected buffaloes revealed the presence of haemoglobin, and light brown to coffee colour.
The clinical findings were haemoglobinuria, haemoglobinaemia, anoxic anaemia, voiding red coloured urine, weakness, constipation, staggering gait and slight rise of temperature that in later stages becomes subnormal.
The green fooder offered were Turnips, I3arseem and Sarsoon, during the winter season were low in phosphorus contents and considered to be predlisposing factor of disease.
The inorganic phosphorus and copper levels showed a decrease of 44.01% and 43.67% respectively where as serum calcium level increased by 1.89%, in the clinically affected animals.
In Pakistan an increase in incidence of disease has been noticed every year, where as only one Biochemical profile i.e. Serum Inorganic phosphorus level has been identified for investigation its etiology. The number of other factors like, serum, iron, dextrose, behaviour of R.B. C's. during disease and before seasonal fodders, and soil mineral contents are to be analysed for its detail etiological investigations. Our reserach institutions as well as educational departments are requested to reproduce the disease in healthy pregnant buffaloes for remedial measures, as well as its proper control.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0239,T] (1).
14.
Haematological And Serum Protein'S Values Of Young Hourses Affected With Strangles In Sargodha
by Zahid Hassin Abid | Manzoor ahmed Basra | Muhammed | Zafar Iqbal Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
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Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0243,T] (1).
15.
A Study On The Patholgoy Of Internal Genital Organs Of Cows
by Tariq, M | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | M.sarwer khan | Zafar iqbal Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: Genital abnormalities inflict heavy economic losses. There were many abnormalities which do not Interfere with normal health of living animals but causes Infertility and sterility. Some of these abnormalities can only be diagnosed If the animal is subjected to postmortum examination. For this purpose three hundred and seven Internal genitalia of non descript cows were collected from abattoir, during the months of August, September and October 1991. The samples thus collected were catagorised Into three age groups I.e. group A (Less than 3 years), group B ( 3 to 7 years) and group C (7 Years and above). The specimens from each carcase were collected, labelled and brought to the pathology laboratory for gross and histopathological studies.
Out of 307 genitalia, the distribution of samples was 74 In group A, 138 in group B and 95 in group C.
In different age groups, the macroscopic lesions observed from the ovaries and bursae consisted of ovarian hypoplasia in 1.62%, inactive ovary In 1.30%, Ovarlo-bursal adhesion in 3.90%, follicular cyst in 2.60%, cystic corpus luteum in 1.95% and Par-ovarian cyst in 0.65% genitalIa. The macroscopic lesions observed In fallopian tubes were salpingitis in 0.65% and hydrosalplnx in 0.65% cases. The gross lesions of uteri were obstruction of one horn In 0.32%, endometritls In 2.93%, pyometra in 2.28%, mucometra in 1.62% and mummified foetus in 0.65% cases. The gross abnormalities observed from the cervix consisted of cervicitis In 2.93%, mucocervix in 1.62%, cervIcal dialation In 0.65% and twisted cervix in 0.65% animals. Above mentioned acroscoplc lesions in different parts of genitalia was confirmed microscopically.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0244,T] (1).
16.
Histopathological Studies Of Experimentaly Produced Disease Of Ranikhet In Broilers And Layers
by Sait ud Din Jahagir Abkar | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Tufail Muhammed Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: A total number of sixty four, day old chicks of which 32 broilers and 32 layers were used. The incubation period was increased with age while the mortality rate was reduced with increase of age.
Macroscopic examination of proventriculus, intestine, heart and brain revealed haemorrhages, in addition to that liver, spleen and kidneys showed necrotic foci. The nasal passages were full of catarrhal exudates.
Microscopic appearances of trachea, lungs, proventriculus, liver, heart, kidneys and spleen showed lymphocytic infiltration. The blood vessels were dilated. The necrotic changes were prominant in all the organs.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0260,T] (1).
17.
Studies On Histopathology Of Brain And Salivary Glands Of Dogs Suspected For Rabies
by Shakil Akhtar Khan | Tufail Muhammed Khan | Ata-Ur-Rehman | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1986Dissertation note: Rabies is a fatal viral disease of all warm blooded animals, including man. Because of its highly fatal nature it is the most notorious and dreaded disease in dogs. The disease in man is characterized by an emotional and neurological disorders with relfex excitability, paralysis and death. The infectious agent of rabies is a neurotropic member of the family Rhabdoviridae found in the nerve tissue, tears, saliva, salivary glands and rarely in other body fluids.
A total of thirty stray dogs and thirty dogs suspected for rabies were included in the present work. From the both groups, the impression smear5were prepared (of hippocampus, cerebellum and mandibular salivary gland) for detection of Negri bodies. Biological test in mice and histopathological changes of bippocampus, cerebellum and mandibular salivary glauds were noted. Out of 30 stray dogs the impression smears of three hippocampus and one cerebellum were doubtful for Negri bodies and all the mandibular salivary glands were negative, for Negri bodies. The biological test in mice was negative for rabies in all stray dogs. The impression smears from thirty dogs suspected for rabies, showed Negri bodies in twelve hippocampus, seven cerebellum and all the mandibular salivary glands were found negative for Negri bodies. Seventeen dogs out of 30 dogs were biological positive for rabies. Histopathological changes were observed in fourteen hippocampus, fourteen cerebellum and ten mandibular salivary glands.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0262,T] (1).
18.
The Effects Of Coccidiostatic Sulfa Drugs On The Blood Of Chicken
by Akmir Ghani | tufail muhammed Khan | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Mubasher | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: Amongst the various poultry diseases coccidiosis is of paramount importance. Many drugs are commonly used against coccidiosis for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes which are found to be toxic. This study was conducted to see the adverse effect of coccidiostatic sulfa drugs Polycox, Darvisul and. Esb3 on the blood components, liver and kidneys of the chicks. These drugs were given to 70 broiler chicks at 4 weeks of age at therapeutic dose and higher level for 3-2-3 days. Their blood was collected on the 9th day post-medication to see the adverse effects on hematological values.
The coccidiostatic sulfa drugs medication produced severe anemia characterized by decrease of erythrocytic count, leukocytic count, hemoglobin contents and hematocrit values. Heterophils, lymphocytes and monocytes decreased significantly. The coccidiostatic sulfa drugs also effected the maturation of the cells in the bone marrow and produced a significant decrease of immature stages of erythrocytic,granulocytic and thrombocytic series. Erytliroblasts, polychromatic erythrocytes, thromboblast, immature and mature thrombocytes and granuloblasts decreased significantly by coccidiostatic su-fa drugs. The bone marrow smears were chiefly composed of erythrocytes and lymphocytes. The bone marrow was pale and fatty in appearance. This study has shown that changes in the blood picture are airectly related to the maturation of the cells in the bone marrow.
On gross examination liver and kidneys showed haemorrhages and necrosis, while microscopic examination revealed degenerative changes, necrosis, haemorrhages and infiltration of mononuclear cells which were prominent. It was evident that increase in the dose level of coccidiostatic sulfa drugs increased the severity of adverse effects. Esb3 produced less toxic effect than Polycox and Darvisul (containing Suiphaquinoxaline and Diaveridine).
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0265,T] (1).
19.
A Study On The Pathology Of Internal Genital Organs Of Buffalo Heifer
by Adil Pervaiz Anwar Khan | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Tufail Muhammed Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1986Dissertation note: The buffalo (Bulus bubalis) is a triple purpose animal. It provides milk and meat and is extensively used for work in certain parts of the world. It is a good source of fat, protein, vitamins and minerals for human diet. The buffalo milk with its higher fat content is considered by most of its consumero as superior to cow milk.
Gross lsions of the ovaries, oviducts, uteri and cervices, and histopathological changes of the morbid tissues of the ovaries, oviducts, uteri and cervices were studied on the internal genitalia of 150 buffalo heifers. In addition E.coli was isolated and identified from the animals routinely slaughtered at the slaughter house, Lahore, during the months of February and March, 1986. The specimens from each heifer's carcass were collected, labelled, packed in a separate polythene bag and brought to the Pathology laboratory, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore in a box containing ice.
The macroscopic lesions recorded from the ovaries and bursae consisted of cystic follicles in 8 (5.3%), par-ovarian cysts in 9 (6%), hypoplasia in 7(4%), ovaro-bursal adhesions in 8(5.3%) cases. The gross lesions of fallopian tubes were hydrosalpinx in 6(4%) cases. The gross lesions of uteri were mucometra 5(3.33%) and haemorrhages were also in 5(3.33%) cases. The cervices revealed no pathological abnormality. Histopathlogical changes confirmed the above mentioned gross pathological changes.
Escherichia coli was isolated from the uterine horns of 31 out of 150 buffalo-heifers. For the isolation of E.coli uterine material was cultured in nutrient broth tubes, - incubated at 37°C overnight. A smear was prepared from each incubated tube, stained and examined for the presence of Gramnegative organisms. The Nutrient broth containing gram-negative organisms were further inoculated on MacConkey's agar media plates and incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. The characteristic circular, opaque, glistening and rosepink colonies of E.coli on this medium were recorded. Biochemical properties of isolated E.coli isolates were studied. The pathogenicity of these isolates was tested in Swiss albino mice intraperito- nially. No pathogenic isolate of E.coli was found out of 31 E.coli isolates and E.coli could not be isolated from the heart blood of these mice when they were killed after eight days.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0267,T] (1).
20.
Pathological Changes Caused By Escherichia Coli In Young And Adult
by Tufail Muhammad Khan | Manzoor Ahmed | Altaf Hussain Sheikh | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1977Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0270,T] (1).
21.
Studies On The Postnatal Development Of The Reproductive Organs And Other Related Endocrine Glands In Male Nili
by Nasim Ahmad | Manzoor Ahmed | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: The water buffalo is amongst the most productive of domestic animals. One of the major problems causing uneconomical productivity in buffalo has been described as its higher age of maturity. It was therefore, necessary to collect a through information from birth through puberty on the potential of anatomical and physiological development of its reproductive organs and endocrine glands. This information was particularly lacking on the male of Nili Ravi breed.
Ten male Nili-Ravi calves ranging in age from 0 to 7 days were included in the Present study. They were subjected to detailed clinical examination. Biometrical examination of reproductive organs accessory sex glands and endocrine glands was conducted after slaughtering. Samples from suitable places were taken for histology purpose. Necessary photography and microphotography was done and the data collected was statistically analysed.
Body weight, body temperature, respiration and pulse rate averaged 32.24 kg, 38.8° C, 27.6 and 78.2 per minute whereas heart girth, body length and scrotal circumference averaged 71.5, 75.0 and 8.38 cm. Coefficient of correlation among body weight and heart girth; scrotal circumference and total testicular weight was 0.96 (P<.0l), 0.69 (P<0.05) and 0.57(which was non-significanl. Correlations between scrotal circumference and total testicular veight was 0.65 (P<0.05).
Single testis measured 2.3 x 1.2 x 1.0 x 3,0 cm (LxBxTxC) and weighed 1.39 gm. Length of epididymis was 4.8 cm with a weight of 0.88 gm/vas deferens was 31.3 cm long and length of attached penis was 21.2 cm. Length and diameter of ampulla was 4.3x2.2 whereas length, breadth and thickness of seminal vesicle. Prostate and cowpers gland averaged 2.1xl.5x0.35, 5.6xl.7x1.6 and 0.6x0.3x0.2 cm. Seminal vesicle weighed 0.48 gm. Average measurements of pitutiary and pineal gland were l.3x0.8x0.6 and 0.5x0.5x0.3 cm. Their corresponding weights were 0.42 and 0.06 gm. There was slight difference in the measurements of right and left thyroid and adrenal gland. The difference between the weight of right and left thyroid and adrenal gland were significant (P>0.05).
Microscopic examination revealed that testis was composed of solid sex-cords which measured 45.04 and 47.83 microns in diameter near the periphery and near the rete. The ratio of large cells and small cell was 13:5 and of sex cords with interstitial tissue was 60:40. Epididymis exhibited moderate regional variation. Epithelial height was 14, 15 and 25 microns in head, body and tail regions.
Ampullary glands were devoid of cilia and showed dilatations Only towards the lumen. The glandular epithelium of seminal vesicle was columnar with granular cytoplasm. Their height varied from 15 to 20 microns. In prostate gland two parts were clearly distinguished. Secretory units of bulbouretheral gland were small and were lined by cuboidal epithelium. Penis of new born calf possesed all the essential structures.
In pituitary gland pars intermedia and median cleft was prominent and various cells of pars distails were identified. Pinealocytes were characterized as large cells situated more towards periphery.
Follicles of thyroid gland were lined by columnar cells and filled with colloid material. In adrenal cortex three zones were clearly identified and cortico-medullary junction was interdigitated.
The gross and histological findings of the present study were found to be little higher than those of Indian buffalo calves but were comparable or found lower when compared with cow calves of same age.
It is, proposed that similar studies be conducted on Nili-Ravi calves of different age groups uptil puberty to observe the develop- mental changes. The recorded variations could then be narrowed to select sires showing early maturity for exploitation through AL. to over come the problem of delayed maturity.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0274,T] (1).
22.
A Study On The Effects Of Organos Phosphate (Insecticide) On Various Organs And Blood Parameters Of Broiler Chickens
by Shahzada Khurram Ashraf | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Muhammed | Zafar Iqbal Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: The investigation was conducted to study the effects of organophosphate insecticide Trich- lorf on (Ditrifon) on the hematology and liver, kidneys, heart and spleen of the broiler chicken. One hundred and twenty day old broiler chicks were reared upto 3 weeks of age, then they were randomly divided into four groups i.e. A, 8, C and D containing 30 chicks in each group. Group A was maintained on afeed containing Ditrifon at dose rate of 400 mg/kg in feed. Group, B was maintained on a feed containing Ditrifon at dose rate of 200 mg/kg in feed. Group C was maintained on a feed containing Ditrifon at dose rate of 100 mg/kg in feed. Group D was kept as control. All the said groups were maintained on said feed for 7 days. The weights of the birds from each group were taken before treatment with Ditrifcon. All the groups were kept under close observation to record signs and symptoms of Ditrifon toxicity upto the end of 4 weeks and 5 weeks of age 15 chicks from each group were slaughtered for the hasmatology (PCV, Hb concen- tration, TEC and TLC) and histopathological studies (liver, kidneys, heart and spleen). The weight of the chicks from each group were taken and recorded before slaughtering.
There was a significant decrease in weight in groups A,E4 and C as compared to control group D.
Antemortem symptoms were recorded throughout the experiment and observed that feed intake of the treated groups was decreased, growth was retarded significantly. The treated birds of Group A and Group B showed dyspnoea, tremors, exhaustion, incoordination, ataxia and paralysis. The treated birds of group C showed no antemortem symptoms.
The main necropsy findings were small hemorrhages through out the body muscles, hepatomegaly, spleenomegaly, enlarged heart, swollen kidneys and gastroenteritis in group A and B, hepatomegaly and gastro enteritis in group C. Haematological alterations were studied in all the groups i.e. A, B, C and D. There was no significant difference found in packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, total erythrocytic count amongst all the groups, at both the ages. The total leukocytic count showed a significant increase in group A and B as compared to control group D. No significant increase was noted in group C as compared to group B and no significant increase between 28 and 35 days of age in groups A, B and C was noted.
The main histopathological lesions of liver and kidney included cloudy swelling, necrosis, and leukocytic infiltration in all treated groups i.e. A,B and C. Histopathological lesions o-f spleen included presence of focal areas of necrosis in group A and group B after 28 and 35 days of age. In group C after 28 and 35 days of age the spleens were normal. Histopathological lesions of heart were haemorrhage and cloudy swelling in the myocardium in group A and B after 35 days of age. No lesions were observed in all the treated groups after 28 days of age and in group C after 35 days of age. No changes were observed in liver, heart, spleen and kidneys of group .D (control).
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0280,T] (1).
23.
A Study On The Pathology Of The Liver & Total Serum Bilirubin In Buffaloes Infected With Gigantocotyle Explanatum
by Akram, M | Zafar Iqbal Chaudry | Asif Rabbani | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: Due to neglect of proper hygienic measures, the water buffaloes are subjected to many snail-borne parasitic diseases. Amongst these diseases, paramphistomiasis due to bile duct fluke Gigantocotyle explanatum has been reported from many tropical countries including Pakistan. This parasite has been reported to cause various degrees of hepatic dysfunction in the buffaloes.
In the present study, 450 buffaloes were examined for the record of prevalence of explanatum infection. The age dependent prevalence recorded in 3 age groups i.e. upto 2 years, 2-5 years and above 5 years, was 18.2%, 30.5% and 61.4% respectively. Majority of the buffaloes in age groups upto 2 years and 2-5 years were lightly infected (100% and 78.8% respectively). Moderate infection was observed in 2-5 years and above 5 years age groups (2 1.2% and 33.3% respectively). Heavy infection (45%) was only observed in buffaloes above 5 years of age.
The pathological lesions produced by G. explanatum were observed in infected livers from groups A(upto 2 year), B(2-5 years) and C(above 5 years). Grossly, the notable changes in the size, color, consistency and appearance were recorded only in heavily infected buffaloes above 5 years of age (group C). The parasites were mostly seen attached to the common bile duct mucosa. Only in heavily infected buffaloes the parasites were seen attached to intra-hepatic bile ducts mucosa. Lentil sized nodules were observed at the site of attachment of the parasites. The walls of affected bile ducts were thickened and lumina were dilated to accomodate the parasites.
The microscopic lesions included degeneration and desquamation of epithelium of affected bile ducts. The subepithelial mucous glands showed hyperplasia. Mono-nuclear cells infiltration was observed in the subepithelial tissues. Proliferation of fibrous connective tissue was seen on the outermost layer of the affected bile ducts. Disruption of hepatic cords and dilatation of sinusoids were mostly observed in the areas adjacent to affected bile ducts. The portal tracts showed fibro-cellular reaction.
The serum samples from infected groups A, B and C and control groups A1, B1 and C1 were analysed for the study of serum total bilirubin patterns. The serum bilirubin level gradually increased with the increase in degree of parasitic infestation. The serum bilirubin level increased significantly in infected buffaloes above 2 years of age (group B and C) as compared to infected buffaloes below 2 years of age (group A). In the case of buffaloes above 5 years of age (group C), there was a significant increase in serum total bilirubin level in infected group as compared to control group. The major cause of increase in bilirubin level, in this case, was heavy parasitic infestation.
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24.
A Study On The Incidence And Pathology Of Hydropericardium Syndrome In Broilers
by S. Israr H. kazmi | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Asif Rabbani | Zafar Iqbal Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: Prevalence of HPS was recorded by surveying 55 broiler farms in and around Lahore between September 1990 to December 1990. Out of these 55 broiler farms 12 farms were affected with HPS. From 12 affected farms 15225 birds died due to HPS, so the average mortality recorded was 16.36 percent. Indicence of HPS recorded was maximum between 3rd to 5th to week of age, however birds of younger & older age groups were also affected with HPS. Different breeds & feeds have no affect on prevalence of HPS. HPS inoculum prepared from morbid livers, when inoculated into 10 days old, twenty embryonating eggs with 0.2 ml through chorioallantoic membrane route, caused 100% mortality within 3-6 days post inoculation.
Day old, 120 broiler chicks were reared and divided into four groups A, B, C, D each comparising of 30 chicks. At the age of 21 days, broiler chicks of A, B and C groups were inoculated against HPS through various routes i.e. oral, subcutaneously and Intramuscularly, respectively, while D group remained control. Mortality was recorded for the experimental period of 12 days. It was noted that the broiler chicks in group A, 3 birds died having 10% mortality, in group B, 17 birds died having 56.66% mortality while in group C, 14 birds died having 46.66% mortality.
Mortality was maximum within first 5 days, whereas mortality become minimum in the last 4 days of the experimental period. Common clinical signs observed were sudden increase in mortality, depression, yellowish diarrhoea, huddling of the birds.
The histopathological changes in affected broiler chicks included ballooning of the pericardial sac with blood stained (amber) fluid. The pericardial fluid varied from 0.5 to 2.5 ml. The heart become flabby, rnisshaped and enlarged. Microscopically, cardiac muscles showed degeneration, mild congestion, leukocytic infiltration. Liver appeared swollen, enlarged, friable, dark brown in colour and show mottling. Pin point subscapular haemorrhagic lesions observed in markedly fatty livers. Microscopically, liver showed fatty changes, massive necrosis, dilatation of sinoids, nuclei become larger than normal. Light basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies of different sizes observed in liver parenchymoal cells. The kidneys become swollen, enlarged, friable and dark brown to pale yellow in colour. Microscopically, kidneys showed tubular dilatation, degeneration and necrosis. The glomeruli were misshaped and showed glomerunephritis. The thymus did not exhibit any gross or histopathological changes.
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25.
Etiology Of Hypertension In Adult Human Beings
by Tariq Ismaeel, Qazi | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Tufail Muhammed Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: A total number of 80 hypertensive c±€ idividuals and 40 normal control individuals of 40 - 60 years age included in this study. Out of 80, 40 males of 40-60 years of age and 20 males out of 40 control of same age were placed in major group A and AC.40 females of 40-60 years of age and 20 control of same age were placed in major group B and BC. The major groups A, AC, B and BC were further subdivided into A1, A2, A3, A4 AC1, AC2, AC3 AC4, B1, B2, B3, B4, BC1, BC2, BC3 and BC4 according to the age group as followings:-
A1, AC1, B1, BC1 (40-45 years of age).
A2, AC2, B2, BC2 (46-50 years of age).
A3 AC3, B3, BC3 ( 51-55 years of age).
A4, AC4, B4, BC4 (56-60 years of age).
From all individuals blood samples were collected and Serum was separated. The Serum was transferred to clear plastic bottles labelled and stored at - 20 C untill use for the analysis of Serum Cholesterol and Serum Sodium levels. Serum cholesterol and Serum Sodium estimations were done by connercial kits.
The mean Serum Cholesterol in normal adult males were 188 ± 8.41 194.6 ± 6.42, 194 + 14.47 and 191.8 + 20.57 mg/lOO ml in sub groups AC1 AC2, AC3 and AC4 respectively. While in hypertensiveobese males the mean Serum Cholesterol were 281.4 ± 56.46, 291.1 ± 28.61, 286.1 ± 45.90 and 279.9 + 41.19 mg/100 ml in sub groups A1, A2, A3 and A4 respectively. The mean Serum Cholesterol in normal adult females were 179.6 ± 15.54, 174.8 ± 9.54, 177.6 ± 13.42 and 176.8 + 5.12 MG/100 ml in sub groups BC1, BC2 BC3 and respectively. While in hypertensive obese female the mean Serum Cholesterol were 278.4 ± 42.21, 269.8 ± 36.72, 266.6 ± 51.96 and 271.3 ± 45.99 in sub groups B1, B2, B3 and B4 respectively.
These results clearly show that there was significant difference (P < 0.05) present between mean Serum Cholesterbi of individuals in different physiological status. The mean Serum Cholesterol of different age groups of normal and hypertensive obese individuals were not significantly different (P<O.Ol). The mean values of rum Sodium levels in normal adult males were 146.8± 3.42, 145.6 ± 8.29, 147.8 ± 5.01 and 145.6 ± 4.03 mmol/L in sub groups AC1, AC2, AC3 and AC4 respectively. While in hypertensive obese males it was 167.8 ± 8.88 172.1 ± 6.45, 168.6 ± 8.56 and 169.9 ± 9.19 mmol/L in sub groups A1, A, A3 and A4 respectively. The mean Serum Sodium levels in normal adult females were 144.2 ± 7.29, 144.6 ± 7.30, 147.4 ± 4.77 and 147.6 ± 3.28 mmol/L in sub groups BC1, BC2, BC3 and BC4 respectively. While in hypertensive obese females the mean Serum Sodium levels 168.8 + 8.74, 167.4 ± 10.28, 168.6 ± 8.99 and 168.5 ± 11.06 mmol/L in sub groups B1, B2, B3 and B4 respectively.
The results of Serum Sodium levels show that there was significant difference (P <0.05) present between the mean Serum Sodium levels of individuals in different Physiological Status. The mean Serum Sodium level of different age groups of normal and hypertensive obese individuals were not significantly different (P<0.01).
Significant difference (P < 0.05) of Serum Cholesterol of individuals of different socioeconauic classes, different grades of hypertensicn and different degree of deviation fran standard weight were also noted. While in case of Serum Sodium level there was significant difference (P <0.05) in the individuals of different socioeconanic classes and there was no significant difference (P<0.05) in the individuals of different degree of hyperbension and different degree of deviation from standard weight.
The findings of present study will help in the diagnosis and management of hypertension and will prove beneficial for screening Of the cases from general population.
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26.
Induction Of Puberty In Prepubertal Buffalo Heifers By Pulsatile Administration Of Gnrh
by Kabir Hussain Tahir | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Tayyab Rahil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: Eighteen pre-pubertal Nili-Ravi buffalo heifers (Bubalus bubalis) with mean (± S.E.) age 22±0.79 months and weight 290±4.62 Kg, respectively were randomly divided into PG (progesterone + GnRH), PN (progesterone + normal saline) and C (control) groups. Heifers in PG and PN groups were pre-treated with progesterone (Crestar implants) for 10 days, then assigned randomly to: PC) received pulses of GnRH (n=6;5 pg/2 h for 72 h), PN) received normal saline (n=6) in the same manner as PG group and C) served as controls (n=6). Blood samples were collected on the days 0(first day 1st of experiment), 3, 6 and 10 of progesterone pre-treatment and on days 11, 12 and 13 (during GnRH/normal saline treatment) and then 3 samples per week for 3 weeks.
In PG and PN groups, 100% (n=6) and 33.33% (n=2) heifers ovulated and exhibited oestrus. Behavioural signs of oestrus i.e. bellowing, frequent urination, position of tail, licking, appetite and isolation from herd were completely absent at oestrus, while mounting, allow mounting and acceptance of male were observed in 12.5%(n=l), 12.5% (n=1) and 87.5% (n=7) of heifers.
Changes in internal genitalia like ovulation from ovary, contraction of uterus/uterine horns and relaxed or open cervix were observed in 100% of heifers. Changes in external genitalia i.e. swollen vulva and hyperaeniia of vagina were observed in 100 and 87.5% of heifers, while 62.5% and 37.5% of helfers showed free flowing and by squeezing vaginal mucous discharge. The colour of the mucous was transparent, opaque and whitish in 37.5, 25.0 and 37.5% heifers. Consistency of the mucous was thin, viscous and thick in 25, 25 and 50% of the heifers, respectively.
It was observed that all (100%) buffalo heifers initiated the oestrous activity during evening hours and 75% and 25% heifers ended their oestruses during night time and day hours.
The overall mean (± S.E..) length of oestrus was 22±3.63 h (range 11 to 40 h). CL was palpable in all (100%) buffalo heifers on day 12 of the oestrous cycle which ovulated. The overall non- return rates were 25% (2/8).
Crestar implants (progesterone pretreatment) were not effective in heifers in maintaining the luteal-phase levels of progesterone in both PG and PN groups of buffalo heifers. Similarly, Plasma progesterone concentrations remained basal during pulsatile delivery of GnRH.
In GnRH-treated heifers, the ovulation was not followed by luteal-phase in 66.66% heifers, while only 33.33% heifers exhibited luteal-phase in which plasma progesterone concentrations rose (>l.Ong/ml) on days 9, 12 and 15 of the cycle.
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27.
Effects Of Copper Sulphate Medication On Different Organs & Serum Copper Level In Broiler Chicks
by Azhar Saqib | Dr. Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Dr. Mubashar | Dr. Shakeel Akhtar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: The present work was planned to study the effects of copper sulphate medication in feed in broiler chicken. For this experiment 90 broiler chicks were reared under standard managemental conditions for 30 days. All the birds weze weighed and their weights were recorded. Then these were divided into three groups, i.e., Groups A, B and C, each group comprising of thirty chicks.
Group A was given 500 mg and Group B was given 1000 mg copper sulphate per kg of feed, for one week. At the end of the experimental period the birds were again weighed, blood of the birds was collected, the birds were slaughtered and the tissues were taken. The blood was subjected to serum-copper analysis and the tissues of Liver, Kidney, gizzard and intestine to histopathological changes.
Clinically the birds showed anorexia. There was increased water intake, severe depression and paralysis in mild case of poisoning. In severe case in addition to the above conditions there was loss of weight, blood stained diarrhoea, ruffled feathers and, the birds lethargy and anaemic. The most important, gross postmortem finding observed was fluid filled abdomen, and peritoneal hemorrhages. There were areas of etosion and necrosis throughout the length of the gastro-intestinai tract. The liver was pale in appearence, with a slight increase in the weight and fragile consistency. The kidneys exhibited severe inflammatory reaction in the form of congestion and swelling.
Histologically the liver showed vascular congestion, vacuolization due to fatty degeneration and leucocytic infiltration. The sinusoidal channels were reduced. In severe cases there was proliferation of fibroblasts. The hepatocytes showed margination of the chromatin material. In kidneys the renal epithélium was the most effected portion by necrosis and karyorrhexis. There was vascular congestion and leukocytic infiltration. The intestines and the gizzard both showed wide spread areas of necrosis and erosion with thickened lining showing fibrotic areas and the cells of the lining mucosa and sub-mucosa desquamated. The muscular layer of the gizzard showed dystrophy.
The weights of the birds were recorded at the age of 37 days before slaughtering. The results were analysed statistically. There was a significant decrease in the weights in groups A and B as compared to control group C. The serum- copper level was also estimated and analysed statistically. There was a significant increase in serum copper contents in Groups A and B, as compared with the Control Group C.
Little work has been reported on the effects of copper sulphate mediation on the different organs and serum-copper level, in Pakistan. The results of the present study has helped us to assess the effects of copper sulphate medication on different organs, serum-copper level and weight gain in broiler chicks.
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28.
Effects Of Phytase On The Performance Of Broilers Fed On Sorghum Based Diets
by Manzoor Ahmed | Prof. Dr. Nisar Ahmad Mian | Mr. Anjum Khalique | Mr. Athar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2001Dissertation note: In Pakistan, sorghum (jawar) occupies 4th place with a production of 218.6 thousand tons (Economic survey of Pakistan 2000-200 1) after wheat, maize and rice. Its use is limited in poultry feed because it contains antinutritional factor i.e. tannin, phytic acid (68% of Total phosphorus). The low tannin sorghum varieties can replace maize up to 50%, and sorghum high in tannin can replace maize up to 25% in poultry diet.
While considering different nutrients for broiler feed formulation minerals are also very important. Among minerals phosphorus plays an important role for poultry production. Balancing the phosphorus in compound feed is difficult task because less than one third of the phosphorus in the feedstuffs of plant origin is biologically available to monogastric animals (NRC, 1994). The organic phosphorus exists in the bran of grain, consisting mainly of phytic phosphorus,
Phytase is an enzyme that liberates P from vegetable materials, destroys the antinutritional properties of phytate. Phytase was one of the first enzyme to be described in the literature. As early as 1907 the release of phosphorus from an organic phosphorus containing substrate was described by Suzuki and others (Maga 1982). The enzyme "phytase" is now known to cause the release of phosphate from phytic acid by catalyzing a series of hydrolysis reactions.
Keeping in view the above facts an experiment was conducted to study the effects of phytase on the performance of broiler fed on sorghum- based diets.
Two hundred broiler chicks were purchased from Big Bird Poultry Breeders and divided in to five groups. These groups were further subdivided in four replicates, having ten chicks in each. The chicks were kept in starter batteries for the first four weeks and then shifted to grower batteries till the end of experiment (six week). Five starter and five finisher rations (sorghum based) A, B, C, D, and E were prepared. "A" was control having 0.45 and 0.35% AP in starter and finisher rations respectively. While B, C, D and E supplemented with phytase enzyme (600 FTU/kg of feed) having 0.40, 0.35, 0.30 and 0.25% AP in starter and 0.30, 0.25, 0.20 and 0.15% AP in finisher rations respectively. Light, feed and fresh clean water was provided round the clock.
The parameters studied were weight gain, feed consumed, feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage, mortality, phosphorus availability and economic. The data thus collected was subjected to statistical analysis. The results indicated that the weight gain of chicks fed on rations B and C were comparable to ration A (control). The chicks fed on rations D & E significantly (P<O.05) showed poor perfonnance as compared to those fed on rations A, B and C. Significantly (P<O.05) more feed was consumed by chicks fed on ration B as compared to those fed on D and E. However, nonsignificant difference was observed between feed consumption of chicks fed on rations A, B and C. Non-significant differences were observed in feed conversion ratio of chicks fed on different experimental rations (Starter & Finisher). However, the feed conversion ratio of chicks fed on ration "C" was comparable to the chicks fed on ration "A"(Control). The dressing percentage of the chicks showed improvement with supplementation of phytase enzyme but the difference were non-significant between chicks fed on different experimental rations. Phytase supplementation significantly (P<O.05) improved the availability of P in chicks fed on rations B, C, D, & E as compare to those fed on ration A (control). The total cost incurred on one kg live weight for chicks fed on rations A, B, C, D and E were Rs. 31.98, 30.58, 31.86, 33.18 and 33.76, respectively. While net profits per one-kg live weights were Rs. 16.02, 17.41, 16.14, 14.82 and 14.24 respectively. Maximum profit was observed in birds fed on ration "B" supplemented with phytase enzyme. Overall it was found that by using phytase enzyme in broiler ration more profit could be earned.
RECOMMENDATION
1. By the use of phytase in poultry feed phosphorus availability could be increased.
2. Use of phytase enzyme is economical.
3. By the use of phytase enzyme 0.1% available phosphorus can be decreased in the broiler ration.
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