1.
Morphological Abnormalities Of Spermatozoa In Pure Bred Friesian, Sahiwal Bulls And Friesian X Sahiwal
by Ahsan Rashad, M | Prof. Dr. Rashid Ahmad Ch | Dr. Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Dr. M. Akram | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Of the 15 normal semen producing breeding bulls, five bulls from each of pure bred Sahiwal, Friesian and the cross-breds (Friesian X Sahiwal) of the same age group were selected. These bulls were maintained at Semen Production Unit, Qadirabad (Sahiwal) under similar conditions of housing, feeding and management. Two consecutive ejaculates once a week were collected. A total of 395 ejaculates were evaluated for various seminal characteristics, extended, processed and frozen during August, September and October, 1990. During these three months semen parameters like ejaculate volume, mass motility, percent motility and the doses produced per ejaculate declined with increase of ambient temperature and humidity.
The second ejaculate (195) at each collection and for each bull was always taken for studying the sperm morphology. Two slides from each semen sample were prepared in 10% solution of Nigrosin stain. A total of 200 sperm cells were counted in each slide and average values for various morphological abnormalities of spermatozoa in each breed were studied. The sperm cell abnormalities were accounted for head (abnormal, detached), neck (poor attachment, abaxial attachment and fractured neck), thickened mid-piece, protoplasmic droplet (proximal, distal droplet) and tail (detached, coiled- tail-droplet-enclosed, coiled tail).
The mean values of different breeds so obtained for different abnormalities during various months were analysed. The average values for head abnormalities for three breeds were 9.69 ± 1.88, 5.12 ± 060 and 1.56 ± 0.14% in Friesian, cross-bred and Sahiwal, respectively. These abnormalities were highest during August and September in Friesian bulls and lowest in Sahiwal bulls during October.
The neck abnormalities were highest in cross-breds (4.44 ± 0.57%) and lowest in Sahiwal (1.67 ± 0.14%). However, the neck abnormalities were statistically similar during the months of August, September and October. Similar trend of mid-piece abnormality was observed between various breeds and months. Likewise the values of protoplasmic droplets were highest in cross breds (14.12 ± 1.19%) and lowest in Sahiwal (2.36 ± 0.30%). The tail abnormalities were the highest in cross-breds (3.47 ± 0.45%) and lowest in Sahiwal (0.87 ± 0.12%). Among various months the tail abnormalities, were statistically similar (P> 0.05).
The total values of different sperm abnormalities wçre highest in cross-breds during August (30.93 ± 3.11%) and comparatively lower during September and October (28.66 ± 2.28 and 26.11 ± 2.63%), respectively.
Except head abnormalities, all the other abnormalities of spermatozoa were statistically significant among breeds.
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2.
Study On Various Seminal Characteristics Affected With Aging Phenomenon In Male Nili-Ravi Buffalo
by Mohsin Raza Naqvi, M | Prof. Dr. Rashid Ahmad Chaudhary | Dr. Nisar | Dr. Tayyab Rahil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The main aim of the present study was to observe the reproductive performance of Holstein-Friesian and Jersey cows, imported from USA, being maintained under the sub-tropical environmental conditions of the Punjab, and then to compare it with their respective local-born progenies. The influence of environmental factors on some parameters of reproductive performance had been studied in order to estimate the level of their adoptability towards local climatic conditions. The reproductive records of the normal breeding local-born Holstein-Friesian, imported Holstein-Friesian, local-born Jersey and imported Jersey cows were studied during 1985-1991. The outcome of the present study in respect of the following parameters of reproductive performance are summarized as below.
1) Local-born Holstein-Friesian and local-born Jersey heifers conceived for the first time at the age of 502.93±11.71 and 496.37±6.64 days. This shows that Holstein-Friesian heifers took 7 days more for their first conception, but this difference was found to be non-significant.
2) The average age at first calving for local-born Holstein- Friesian and Jersey heifers was 787.38±13.61 and 771.48±7.88 days respectively, while their respective dams calved in USA for the first time at the age of 822.46±10.63 and 800.51±8.43 days correspondingly. The data indicate that local-born Holstein-Friesian and Jersey heifers calved for the first time 35 and 29 days earlier than their dams.
3) The average number of services required per conception for local-born Holstein-Friesian, imported Holstein-Friesian, local- born Jersey and imported Jersey were 1.76±0.100, 1.87±0.089, 1.83±0.069 and 1.88±0.072 respectively, whereas the difference among the groups was found to be non-significant. Although the number of services required per conception increased with increasing parity but the difference was non-significant.
4) The service period for local-born Holstein-Friesian, imported Holstein-Friesian, local-born Jersey and imported Jersey averaged 161.48±14.45, 132.92±511, 100.99±4.63 and 107.03±2.77 days respectively. The local-born and imported Jersey cows conceived 60 and 26 days earlier after calving than their contemporary local-born and imported Holstein cows. Effect of season of calving on subsequent service period was not significant.
5) The average gestation periods of 278.65±0.78, 279.92±0.63, 279.26±0.51 and 277.49±0.36 days were found in local-born Hol- stein-Friesian, imported Holstein-Friesian, local-born Jersey and imported Jersey cows respectively. The data shows that imported Jersey cows carried their calves 1.16, 2.43 and 1.77 days less than the local-born Holstein-Friesian, imported Holstein-Friesian and local-born Jersey correspondingly. Moreover in all the genetic groups except local-born Holstein-Friesian, cows carrying male calves had longer gestation length than those carrying female calves.
6) The calving interval for local-born Holstein-Friesian, imported Holstein-Friesian, local-born Jersey and imported Jersey averaged 443.77±18.67, 415.66±5.09, 380.93±6.36 and 387.18±3.0 days respectively. The Jerseys showed significantly (P < 0.01) shorter calving interval than the Holsteins. The shortet calving interval in all the groups was seen after Winter calvings. Minimum calvings in each group occurred during Summer. The maximum calvings in local-born Holstein-Friesian and imported Holstein- Friesian cows were during winter; whereas in local-born Jersey and imported Jersey these were observed during Spring and winter in order of merit.
7) The 305-day milk production averaged 3643.29±121.26, 4114.40±115.96, 2194.52±57.25 and 3150.48±46.16 litres for local- born Holstein-Friesian, imported Holstein-Friesian, local-born Jersey and imported Jersey cows respectively. The results indicate that imported Holstein-Friesian and Jersey cows produced -significantly more milk than their respective local-born progenies.
8) The average dry period for local-born Holstein-Friesian, imported Holstein-Friesian, local-born Jersey and imported Jersey cows was 192.71±16.14, 191.07±13.11, 157.91±9.70 and 133.30±5.77 days respectively. The dry period in the local-born Holstein- Friesian and imported Holstein-Friesian was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the local-born and imported Jersey cows.
The findings of this study regarding most of reproductive traits indicate that both local-born and imported Jersey performed better than Holstein-Friesian cows under sub-tropical climatic conditions of Punjab. However local-born groups produced less 305 days milk than their imported dams. The production potential in the exotic herd can be increased by breeding the cows with semen of genetically superior sires, through intensive management and with more effective disease control programme.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0314,T] (1).
3.
Studies On Uterine Involution And Ovarian Activity In Postpartum Nili-Ravi Buffaloes Given Prostaglandin F2 Alpha Analogue
by Farrukh Nazir | Prof. Dr. Rashid Ahmad Chaudhary | Dr. Mian Nisar Ahmad | Dr. Tayyab | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0324,T] (1).
4.
Antiseperim Antibodies: A Plausible Cause Of Repeat Breeding In Nili-Ravi Buffaloes
by Amir Saeed, M | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aleem Bhatti | Prof. Dr. Rashid Ahmad Chaudhary | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: The present study was designed with the assumption that high titres of antisperm antibodies in repeat breeders might be a contributing factor for conception failure in such animals. For this purpose, 32 buffaloes/buffalo heifers were divided into four equal groups. From the normal cyclic and repeat breeder buffaloes, 48 serum samples were collected at 0, 1, and 24 hours after insemination, respectively. Oestrus mucus was also collected from these animals. A total of 16 serum samples were collected from virgin heifers and pregnant buffaloes. The serum and mucus samples were subjected to simple agglutination test, sperm quantitative penetration test and sperm cervical mucus contact test. High antibody titres were recorded in the serum and oestrus mucus of repeat breeders. Moreover, it was observed that lesser number of spermatozoa penetrated through a definite distance in cervical mucus of repeat breeder buffaloes as compared to cervical mucus of normal cyclic animals. Similarly higher number of spermatozoa exhibited shaking movement over a period of time in cervical mucus of repeat breeders, which indicates the presence of spermagglutinins.
Thus, it can be concluded that antisperm antibodies may be responsible for conception failure in repeat breeder buffaloes.
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5.
Induction Of Oestrus In Non Cycling Nili Ravi Buffalo Heifers
by Hafeez Khan, A | Dr. Kazim Raza Chohan | Prof. Dr. Rashid Ahmad Chaudhry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: Twenty one non-cycling Nili-Ravi buffalo hcifers with mean (± S.E) age of 31.71 ± 1.32 months and body weight of 417.61 ± 11.26 Kg were randomly divided into three equal groups. Animals in group A were injected 700 IU PMSG intramuscularly. Whereas, animals in group B (n=7) were treated with 1400 IU of PMSG. Animals in group C (n7) were administered 2 CC normal saline, which served as controls. Animals in oestrus were naturally bred with progeny tested bulls. Blood samples were collected before treatment, at oestrus and 10 days after oestrus for plasma progesterone estimation. Rectal palpations were done before treatment, at oestrus, 10 days after oestrus for ovarian structures and on day 60 post breeding for pregnancy diagnosis.
All the buffalo heifers in group A and B exhibited oestrus following treatment with 700 and 1400 IU of PMSG. Three animals from group C (42.85%) showed oestrus. The time from treatment to the onset of oestrus differed non significantly and was 6.14 ± 0.56, 6.00 ± 0.45 and 6.66 ± 0.47 days for groups A, B and C, respectively. No difference was observed towards expression of oestrus symptoms with varying doses of PMSG. The behavioural symptoms and physical changes i.e. frequent urination, acceptance to male, vulvalar sniffing of other females or allowing others to sniff, mucus discharge, vulvalar swelling and uterine tone were found indicative of oestrus in experimental heifers. The duration of oestrus also differed non significantly among the groups. This duration was 22.00 ± 2.01; 27.71 ± 1 .67 and 19.66 ± 0.98 hours for groups A, B and C, respectively.
Three animals from group A (n=7) conceived at induced oestrus. Whereas, no heifer from group B setteled at induced oestrus. Four animals showed next oestrus and two of them conceived. Three animals from group C exhibited oestrus and one of them conceived, rest of the animals remained non cyclic. The overall conception rates were 42.85, 28.57 and 14.28 percent for groups A, B and C, respectively.
Progesterone levels were found representative of ovarian activity in all the groups. Basal levels (> 0.5 ng/ml) of plasma progesterone were observed with smooth ovaries. Higher values for plasma progesterone ranging between 0.95 ± 0.02 to 5.68 ± 0.22 ng/ml were observed in cycling and pregnant animals reprsenting functional corpus lutuem.
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6.
Comparative Efficacy Of Cloprostenol, Estradial And Gentamycine For The Treatment Of Endometritis In Buffaloes
by Chaudhry, Shafiq, M | Prof. Dr. Rashid Ahmad Chaudhry | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aleem Bhatti | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: This study was designed to compare the efficacy of Cloprostenol, EstradioJ and Gentamycine for the treatment of endometritis in buffaloes.
Eighty buffaloes suffering from endometritis were selected amongst the animals brought for A.J. on repeat breeding at different A.I. Center/Sub-Centres in Lahore and Gujranwala city. After detailed gyanaecological examination animals were randomly divided into four treatment groups. Twenty buffaloes in group A were injected 500 ig of Cloprostenol (Estrumate). On day 8 of the oestrus cycle and cured animals were inseminated at the following oestrus. Twenty buffaloes in group B were given 3 intrauterine infusion of stilbestrol. On day 3, 5 and 7 of the oestrus cycle and cured animals were inseminated at the following oestrus. Twenty buffaloes in group C were given single dose of gentamycine (intrauterine infusion) on the day of the oestrus cycle and cured animals were inseminated at the following oestrus. Twenty buffaloes in group D served as control and were inseminated without giving any treatment. After two months all the animals were rectally palpated for pregnancy diagnosis. Seventy animals were tested for pregnancy diagnosis. While others were later transferred to untraceable places. The percent curative and conception rate observed in Cloprostenol treated group 'A' were 65% and 58.33% respectively similarly in group B Stilboestrol treated animals the curative rate was 75% and conception rate was 64.28%. In group 'C', the animals treated with Gentamycine, the curative and conception rate were observed 45% and 42.85%. In control group 'D' only 35.71% animals were conceived after insemination.
On the basis of curative and conception rates Stilboestrol was found better than Cloprostenol and Gentamycine for the treatment of endometritis buffaloes. The cost of treatment with stilboestrol is lower compared with Cloprostenol and Gentamycine. On the other hand a certain degree of invonvience remains with Stilboestrol therapy as intrauterine infusion demands special skill.
It is concluded that Stilbestrol and Cloprostenol results were signficanly higher as compared to treated with Gentamycine and control group.
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7.
Study On Various Mineral Levels And Pathology Of Visceral Organs Of Broiler Chickens Affected With Leg Deformities
by Asim Aslam | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Dr. Ahmad Raza | Prof. Dr. Rashid Ahmad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: This project was designed to determine the incidence of various leg disorders in commercial broiler chickens and to elucidate the effects of leg deformity on the metabolism of broiler chickens in terms of serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chloride and also on the morphology of liver, kidneys and pancreas. Fifty leg deformed broiler chickens were collected from 38 different commercial poultry farms in and around Lahore, kasur, Sialkot and Gujranwala Districts.
Out of the observed cases of leg deformity, 18 cases of valgus, 13 cases of slipped gastrocnemius tendon, 9 cases of curly toe, 5 cases of femoral head necrosis, 3 cases of varus and only 2 cases of synovitis were reported. This data of incidence of various leg deformaties were analysed on the basis of age, sex, strain of bird and also on the basis of location of deformity. It was noted that the most frequently encountered leg deformity was valgus. The maximum incidence of valgus occurred at 5th week of age. The males have greater incidence of valgus as compared to females. Hubbard strain had greater incidence of valgus in comparison to other strains of birds.
Unilateral cases of valgus were more common than bilateral. The levels of all minerals were decreased in experimental birds as compared to control ones. The mineral levels of birds affected with valgus deformity showed that there was a highly significant difference in the levels of calcium phosphorus and sodium between the experimental and control groups. But there was a non-significant difference in the levels of potassium and chloride in both the groups. The slipped gastrocnemius tendon was noted frequently at 7th week of age, slightly more in females and all the reported cases were unilateral. Hubbard strain was found to be most liable to slipped tendon. The mineral levels of birds affected with slipped tendon showed a highly significant difference in the levels of calcium, phosphorus and potassium between the experimental and control groups. A significant difference was also noted between the experimental and control groups in terms of levels of chloride, but a non-significant difference was recorded between the experimental and control groups in case of serum sodium level. Curly toe was again recorded to its peak in birds of 7 week age, more in males and mostly bilateral. Hubbard strain was found to be the most affected one. The mineral levels of birds affected with curly toe showed a highly significant difference in the levels of calcium and phosphorus between the experimental and control groups. But a non-significant difference was noted between the two groups in cases of serum levels of sodium, chloride, and potassium. Femoral head necrosis was recorded at its highest incidence at 9th week of age, more in males, and all the recorded cases were unilateral. The strain most liable to femoral head necrosis was Indian river. The mineral levels of birds affected with femoral head necrosis showed a highly significant difference in the levels of phosphorus and potassium between experimental and control groups. A significant difference was also recorded between the experimental and control groups in terms of levels of calcium. But in the serum levels of sodium and chloride a non-significant difference was obtained between the two groups. Varus was recorded more frequently at 6 and 7 week of age, more in females, and mostly unilaterally although bilateral cases were also noted. Hubbard, Arboracres, and Lohmann strains showed more susceptible behaviour. The mineral levels of birds affected with varus showed a highly significant difference in the level of calcium. A significant difference was also recorded between the experimental and control groups in terms of levels of phosphorus and potassium, but a non-significant difference was noted in the sodium level between the two groups. Synovitis was noted mostly between 3 and 6 week of age, more or less equally between males and females. Both unilateral and bilateral cases were seen, and Hubbard and Arboracres strains were found to be more prone to synovitis. The mineral levels of birds affected with synovitis showed a significant difference in the levels of calcium and sodium in the experimental and control groups. But a non-significant difference lies between the two groups.
In all these various types of leg deformities, the macroscopic lesions like, slight enlargement of liver along with discolorization and necrotic areas and in some cases congested livers showing the lesions of perihepatitis were also noticed. The kidneys showed inflammatory signs alongwith urates deposits. A pale fibrosed pancreas showed atrophic changes. The pancreas was the most severely affected organ. In majority of the birds it was severely atrophied presenting a shrunken fibrous band like structure in the convoluted duodenal loop. The colour of these pancreases was white or off-white to pink and were firm in consistency. Microscopically cloudy swellings and severe necrosis were seen in the affected livers. Mononuclear and plasma cell infiltration were also quite evident. Leukocytic infiltration in the interstitial spaces and glomerular region were quite evident. The dilated blood vessels and haemorrhages in tissue spaces were observed. In some of the severely affected cases the glomeruli were enlarged and were less in number as compared to that of normal birds.Lesions of necrosis were also noted in some of the affected kidneys. Pancreas was observed that the acinar cells were atrophied and underwent vacuolation, degeneration and necrosis. The Zymogen granules were almost absent from acinar cells. Heterophil, leukocytic and lymphocytic infiltration were frequently encountered in affected cases. A characteristic change was an inflammatory reaction in one or more pancreatic ducts where the epithelium and fibrous tissues occluded the lumen of the ducts and led to obstruction in pancreatic drainage.
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8.
Ovulation Induction And Synchronization In Nili-Ravi Buffaloes With Prolonged Post-Partum Period
by Mohammad Atif ikram | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aleem Bhatti | Prof. Dr. Rashid Ahmad Chaudhry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: Estrus detection and correct tine insemination have been considered one of the important factors affecting the calving interval in 1)11 flab population. This study was undertaken to induce and synchronize ovu1a(on rather than esirtis in buffaloes. Ovsynch program ( ovulation synclronization) enables all fertile buffaloes to be bred at a fixed time by A.l.
Sixteen buffaloes of Nili-Ravi breed with a mean postpartum interval of 250±31.6 days were randomly divided into 2 equal groups viz A and B (ii=8). On day zero, Dalmeraline (25mcg/ml lecirilin; a GnRH analogue) was administered intramuscularly at the dose rate of 3cc. On day 7, 2cc Dalmazine (0.075mg/mi Cloprostenol) was injected intramuscularly. One day 9, second injection of Daimeraline (Lecirilin) was given intramuscularly at the dose rate of 3cc. Insemination was carried out 1 6 hours after second injection of GnRH analogue, Dalmeraline.
Buffaloes of group B were kept as control group. They were observed for naturally occurring estrus from day 0 to 26. Estrus was detected with the help of teaser bull. Artificial insemination was carried Out primarily on standing heat basis.
Buffaloes of group A responded to hormonal therapy and five out of 8 animals (62.5%) showed estrus behaviour and signs. All animals of group A were inseminated twice, once early in the morning and then in the evening with an interval of 12 hours.
Three animals (37.5%) from group A were conceived at induced and synchronized ovulation at first service, while one animal (12.5%) was conceived from group B.
It is concluded that the Ovsynch protocol is a useful regime in inducing and synchronizing ovulation with reasonably good conception rates. It is however, found that ovsynch protocol is also effective enough in buflaloes with longer postpartum intervals.
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9.
Use Of Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone For Estrus Synchronization In Nili Ravi Buffalo
by Abdul Majeed | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aleem Bhatti | Prof. Dr. Rashid Ahmad Chaudhry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2001Dissertation note: Sixteen Nih Ravi buffaloes having postpartum period of 197±27.48 (Mean ±SE) days were randomly divided into 2 equal groups viz A and B (n=8). Estrus was induced and synchronized in buffaloes of group A by administering 75 mcg GnRH analogue (25 mcg/ml) intramuscularly on day 0 (first day of experiment). The buffaloes, showing estrus during day 0 to 7 were inseminated and were not given PGF2 alpha injection. The animals those did not exhibit signs of estrus till day 7, were injected with 0.150 mg Cloprostenol (0.075 mg/mi) intramuscularly. Buffaloes of group B served as control group and were not given any hormonal treatment. Animals in group A were observed for estrus from day 0 to 16 of the experiment, whereas the buffaloes of group B were bserved for natural estrus from day 0 to 26. Estrus was detected with the help of teaser bull. Artificial insemination was carried out mainly on the basis of standing heat. In group A, 4 buffaloes responded to the treatment and exhibited the estrus. One buffalo exhibited the estrus on day 5 following the injection of GnRH whereas three buffaloes exhibited the estrus on day 2, 4 and day 5 following the injection of PGF2 alpha. In group B, 2 buffaloes exhibited natural estrus, one on day 3 and the second on day 11 of the experiment.
Variation in the interval to estrus may be because of huge difference in the postpartum days of animals. The duration of estrus in group A (24.62±O.96h) was significantly different (P>O.05) as compared to group B (20.25±O.33h). No difference was observed between group A and B towards the expression of estrus symptoms. Two animals from group A, conceived at induced and synchronized estrus at first service, whereas one animal conceived from group B.
It is concluded that the select synch protocol is useful for synchronization of estrus in buffaloes with promising conception results. It is indicated that select synch protocol is also applicable for induction of estrus in buffaloes of variable postpartum intervals, it seems that select synch protocol will be an effective tool if used in cycling buffaloes during early postpartum days.
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