1.
Pathological Changes Associated With Experimental Infectious Bursal Disease In Broiler Chickens
by Nyla Dil Tarar | Dr. Shakeel Akhter Khan | Dr ..S. Ata-Ur- Rehman Rizvi | Dr. Ahmed Raza | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: This project was designed to study the pathological changes associated with experimental Infectious bursal disease in broiler chickens. Two hundred and forty broiler chicks on 21 days of age were randomnly divided into six groups, A through F, each containing 40 birds. The inoculum of Infectious bursal disease virus was inoculated intraocularly in the chicks of group A at the age of 21 days, in group C at the age of 28 days, and in group E at the age of 35 days. Groups B, D and F were kept as control for groups A, C and E respectively. Blood samples and lymphoid organs of seven randomnly selected chickens from each group were collected at day 4 post inoculation (P1), 8 P1 and 12 P1, and haematology (TLC, DLC), serology (AGPT) and histopathology of lymphoid organs were conducted.
Typical clinical signs of IBD were noted. The chief and consistent gross lesion produced in the chickens infected at different ages was an initial increase in the size of bursa. At day 4 P1 bursa was oedematous and double in size but at days 8, 12, P1 it was smaller in size than in control chickens. The spleen and thymus appeared almost normal grossly except a few gray foci on spleen.
Histopathological study of bursa of Fabricius (regardless of the age at infection) revealed an initial macrophage and heterophil infiltration of the lymphoid follicle and inter-follicular spaces followed by increased inter-follicular connective tissue, plasma cells, macrophage and thickening of bursal epithelium. Spleen showed lymphocytic necrosis and depletion in the initial stages followed by repopulation. Statistical analysis of lymphoid organ: body weight indices of spleen, bursa and thymus showed a significant difference in the inoculated and control chickens but there was no difference in the chickens inoculated at different ages. All the inoculated birds were found positive for the Infectious bursal disease virus antibodies. The results of hematological study indicated that there was a decrease in the total number of leukocyte and percentage of hetrophils and lymphocytes in all the inoculated chickens regardless of the age at the time of infection. Thus it can be concluded from this study that age susceptibility, from 21 to 35 days, among broiler chickens for Infectious bursal disease was nearly the same.
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2.
Haematological Studies And Estimation Of Electrolytes In Dogs Exhibiting Diarrhoeal Signs
by Shuaib Zaffer, M | Dr. shakeel Akhtar khan | Dr. ahmed Raza | Dr. Asif Rabbani | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: This project was designed to study the haematological values and the serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium and chloride) levels in the dogs exhibiting diarrhoeal signs. For this purpose one hundred dogs showing diarrhoeal signs were selected from Dog Hospital, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore while ten healthy dogs were also used as control group. Tentative diagnosis was tried to establish in each animal of experimental group. Blood samples were collected from the all the animals of both groups. The aematological parameters (TEC, PCV, ESR and Hb) and serum biochemical analysis (sodium, potassium and chloride) were conducted on all blood samples. The changes in blood values of each case was tried to correlate with its tentative diagnosis.
On the basis of tentative diagnosis conditions observed were: parvovirus infection, parasitic infestation, mixed infection, canine distemper and dietary disturbances. These conditions of experimental dogs were named as groups A, B, C, D and E. Haematological values (TEC, PCV, ESR and Hb) in group A were decreased considerably as compared to the control group. In group B the values of (TEC, PCV and ESR) were decreased while the values of Hb was normal as compared to the control group. Group C also showed considerable decrease in the values of haematological parameters. In group D the change in haematological parameters showed that the values of TEC, Hb and PCV were decreased considerably while the value of ESR was increased considerably. The haematological changes in group E were similar to the changes recorded in group E. The changes in biochemical substances revealed that in groups A, B, C and D the mean values of biochemical substances (sodium, potassium and chloride) were decreased as compared to the control group, in group E values of sodium and chloride were decreased slightly while the value of potassium was within the normal range. All the dogs of experimental groups exhibited macrocytic normochromic anaemia.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0497,T] (1).
3.
Effect Of Fermacto Feeding On Function And Morphology Of Liver And Kidneys Of Commercial Laying Hens
by Sarwar, M | Dr. Shakil Akhtar khan | Dr. Ahmed Raza | Prof.Dr. Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: The effect of three levels of Fermacto feeding on egg production, general metabolic state and health of the laying hens was observed by determining the functional and morphological state of liver and kidneys. One hundred, 60 weeks old laying hens, were divided into four equal groups viz A through D each of 25 birds. The hens were already vaccinated. The group A was kept as a control and iii group B, C and D, the Fermacto feeding was done at a dose rate of 1gm, 2gm and 4gm per kg of feed respectively. The experiment period was 60 days. Egg production records, visceral organ: body oveight indices, gross pathological lesions of liver and kidneys, serum glucose, serum cholesterol, serum total protein and serum uric acid levels and antibody titres against Newcastle disease were determined.
The statistical analysis of egg production record showed that from 1-15th day there was no significant difference among the experimental and control groups and from day 16-30th, there was highly significant difference between the experimental and the control groups. The highest mean egg production record was achieved I n the birds of group A. There was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups from day 31-45th ,but there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups from day 46-60th. The birds from the group B showed the highest mean egg production.
The organ: body weight index for left kidney and right kidney showed a highly significant difference between all experimental and control groups. The highest mean left kidney: body weight index was achieved in the birds of group D. Similarly the highest mean right kidney: body weight index was obtained in the birds of group C. Organ: body weight index for liver also showed a highly significant difference between control and experimental groups and the highest liver: body weight index was achieved in birds of group B. The gross pathological study of liver and kidneys revealed some non-specific gross lesions such as little changes in colour and streaks of haemorrhages in some birds of control and experimental groups. No characteristic pathological lesion was observed in liver and kidneys of birds.
The data obtained by the analysis of serum statistically indicated that the concentration of serum glucose level was significantly increased in experimental groups than that of control group. Concentration of serum cholesterol was also significantly higher in the treated groups than in control group. Concentration of serum total protein was highest in the C group. There was significant difference in the level of serum total protein of all the experimental and control groups. The serum uric acid concentration was significantly different between control and experimental groups. The uric acid concentration was highest in group A. The data obtained by the analysis of antibody titre against ND on 1st, 15th , 30th, 45th and 60th day of the experiment showed that the highest GMHI in the birds of C group which reflected the stimulation of the immune system. So, it was concluded that Fermacto feeding had no deleterious effect on general metabolic state and immune system of laying hens.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0498,T] (1).
