1.
Morphological Abnormalities Of Spermatozoa In Pure Bred Friesian, Sahiwal Bulls And Friesian X Sahiwal
by Ahsan Rashad, M | Prof. Dr. Rashid Ahmad Ch | Dr. Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Dr. M. Akram | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Of the 15 normal semen producing breeding bulls, five bulls from each of pure bred Sahiwal, Friesian and the cross-breds (Friesian X Sahiwal) of the same age group were selected. These bulls were maintained at Semen Production Unit, Qadirabad (Sahiwal) under similar conditions of housing, feeding and management. Two consecutive ejaculates once a week were collected. A total of 395 ejaculates were evaluated for various seminal characteristics, extended, processed and frozen during August, September and October, 1990. During these three months semen parameters like ejaculate volume, mass motility, percent motility and the doses produced per ejaculate declined with increase of ambient temperature and humidity.
The second ejaculate (195) at each collection and for each bull was always taken for studying the sperm morphology. Two slides from each semen sample were prepared in 10% solution of Nigrosin stain. A total of 200 sperm cells were counted in each slide and average values for various morphological abnormalities of spermatozoa in each breed were studied. The sperm cell abnormalities were accounted for head (abnormal, detached), neck (poor attachment, abaxial attachment and fractured neck), thickened mid-piece, protoplasmic droplet (proximal, distal droplet) and tail (detached, coiled- tail-droplet-enclosed, coiled tail).
The mean values of different breeds so obtained for different abnormalities during various months were analysed. The average values for head abnormalities for three breeds were 9.69 ± 1.88, 5.12 ± 060 and 1.56 ± 0.14% in Friesian, cross-bred and Sahiwal, respectively. These abnormalities were highest during August and September in Friesian bulls and lowest in Sahiwal bulls during October.
The neck abnormalities were highest in cross-breds (4.44 ± 0.57%) and lowest in Sahiwal (1.67 ± 0.14%). However, the neck abnormalities were statistically similar during the months of August, September and October. Similar trend of mid-piece abnormality was observed between various breeds and months. Likewise the values of protoplasmic droplets were highest in cross breds (14.12 ± 1.19%) and lowest in Sahiwal (2.36 ± 0.30%). The tail abnormalities were the highest in cross-breds (3.47 ± 0.45%) and lowest in Sahiwal (0.87 ± 0.12%). Among various months the tail abnormalities, were statistically similar (P> 0.05).
The total values of different sperm abnormalities wçre highest in cross-breds during August (30.93 ± 3.11%) and comparatively lower during September and October (28.66 ± 2.28 and 26.11 ± 2.63%), respectively.
Except head abnormalities, all the other abnormalities of spermatozoa were statistically significant among breeds.
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2.
A Comparative Study On Reproductive Performance Of Friesian Cows, Due To Variable Environmental Influences,
by Rafique Tareen, M | Dr. Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Prof. Dr. Rashid Ahmed Chaudhary | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: The breeding records of 200 Friesian cows collected during 1977 to 1995 at Govt. Dairy Farm Quetta and 1983 to 1995 at Pishin, Balochistan were analysed. The parameters of reproductive performance like age at puberty, age at first calving, conception rate, service period, gestation period, calving interval, dry period and reproductive efficiency were determined. An effort was made to study the influence of the environmental factors on the reproductive traits.
The overall average age at puberty for 200 cows (150 heifer at Quetta and 50 heifers at Pishin) was 684.21±11.91 days at Quetta and 662.51±3.90 days at Pishin. Season of birth had highly significant effect on the maturity age. Winter born heifers matured earlier as compared to those born in other seasons. The data indicated that cows at Pishin matured earlier than that heifers at Quetta.
The age at first calving averaged 978.01 ± 17.39 days at Quetta and 958.90±16.311 clays at Pishin with range from 501-1100 days.
The overall average conception rate was 48.93% at Quetta and 50.33% at Pishin. The service period of cows at Pishin averaged 88.90±4.30 days and at Quetta, 81.30±3.3 days. Minimum service period was observed after Winter and maximum after Summer calving at Quetta. At Pishin minimum service period after Spring and maximum service period after Winter. The overall average length of calving interval was 464.20±4.9 days at Quetta and 361.11±38.00 days at Pishin.
Highly significant (P <0.05) difference in calving interval were recorded between Farms. Longest calving interval 374.50 days after Summer to Autumn calving and shorter calving interval 351.90 days after Spring calving were observed at Govt. dairy farm Quetta, but at Pishin longest calving interval 365.00 days after Autumn calving and shorter calving interval 356.10 were found days after Spring calving respectively. The dry period of Holstein Friesian averaged 69.7 ±2.9 days at Quetta and 65 ±3.50 days at Pishin. The result was highly significantly due to Farm difference. The overall reproductive efficiency of Holstein Friesian cows maintained at Govt. Dairy Farm, Quetta and Pishin, was 81±1.00% and 83±1.25%, respectively.
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3.
Seasonal Variation In Breeding Patterns Of Buffalo In Punjab
by Col. Ahmed Khan | Dr. Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Dr. Muhammed | Prof.Dr. Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: Buffalo plays a pivotal role in the economy of poor and landless farmers. Seasonal calving trend of buffalo has caused shortage of milk during the Summer season when it is required more. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of season on reproductive and productive traits of buffaloes.
In this project Artificial Insemination data of 5 Districts of Central Punjab and breeding data of the Livestock Experimental Station, Rakh Dera Chahi, Lahore were used. Analysis of variance was applied to study the effect of season on Artificial Insemination and Farm data.
Data analysis indicated a significant effect of season on breeding, fertility and calving. Both Artificial Insemination and Farm data indicated high (P<0.05) breeding trend during Autumn and Winter season. Fertility were significantly (P<0.05) low during Autumn. There was no significant effect (P>0.05) of calving season on the calving interval and milk production.
The conclusion revealed that the provision of ideal management, avoiding the extreme weather conditions, ensuring the availability of balanced adequate ration throughout the year and protection from other stresses of diseases etc., it may be possible to derive all the productive and reproductive traits from this versatile animal round the year without any significant effect of the various seasons.
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4.
Induction Of Parturition In Buffaloes Using Dexamethasone In Conjunction With Prostglandin (Pgf2 Alpha)
by Arif Majeed | Dr. Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aleem Bhatti | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: The present study was intended to study the effect of prostaglandin (PGF2 alpha) and dexarnethasone on reproduction and production of Nili-Ravi buffaloes after parturition. For this purpose eighteen pregnant Nili-Ravi buffaloes were selected on the basis of their breeding history, with good health status, their lactation phases were 3rd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 9th and 10th respectively. These animals were divided into three equal groups viz group A, B and C, each comprising 6 animals. These animals were kept under uniform managemental and feedings conditions. Each buffalo in groups A and B were injected with 20mg dexamethasone and 526ig cloprostenol sodium (PGF2 alpha) intramuscularly on day 10 and 15 respectively before their expected term, while the buffaloes, in group C served as a control.
From the present study it was concluded that parturition can be induced at day 10 and 15 prior to their expected term successfully did not affect the production and reproductive efficiency of Nili-Ravi buffaloes. The use of PGF2 alpha and dexamethasone before parturition in buffaloes did not affect the milk yield of each buffaloes as compared with control group, and also the calve birth weight compared with control group. The only complication we found was the retention of foetal membrane, in all the treated buffaloes. No retention of foetal membrane was found in the control group. So the calving interval could be reduced by reducing the duration of pregnancy. It was also concluded that by induction the lactation period could be increased.
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5.
Immunomodulatory Effect Of Brucella Abortus Vaccine Strain Rb51 In Cross Bred Cows At Private Farms In Lahore
by Shafique, M | Dr. Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Dr. M. Akram Munir | Dr. M. Aleem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: This project was designed to eradicate dangerous problem (Brucellosis) facing by livestock sector. Various trials of vaccine SRB51 were conducted and serum samples were taken to see the immune status of the animals by using serum tube agglutination test
(STAT).
For this purpose 100 animals of different age groups were examined and lactating or non lactating animals were randomly selected from different private dairy farms in and around Lahore. The serum samples were collected and subjected to serological tests to detect the presence of antibodies against brucella abortus. The incidence of brucellosis by RBPT was 16% and 14% by Standard tube agglutination test (STAT) in cattle. After screening the animals, we got 30 animals which were brucella abortus free, among these some animals were pregnant. We vaccinated the animal at neck region subcut with Brucella abortus strain RB51 vaccine. After vaccination we found that antibody titer was higher at four weeks and begins to lower at eight weeks and later on, by using STAT. We also observed in this study that no animal was aborted and no premature or weak calf was delievered at parturition. So it can be said that the Brucella abortus strain RB51 vaccine is a safe vaccine and it has been used in a lot number of states of America. The results of this study have revealed an alarming prevalence of brucellosis in cattle at private farms which calls for an emergent response of experts for reappraisal and reassessment of the present brucellosis control situation, especially when the disease is an important zoonosis and potential threat to the human health.
It is anticipated that the trials would open new vistas and expose livestock (Dairy) scientists to new horizons of technical know how regarding brucellosis and associated problems. It is further hoped that the results obtained would make tangible contribution towards livestock and dairy industry.
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6.
Correlation Of Leptospiral, Antibodies To The Non Functional Ovaries & Biometrical Observations In The Slaughtered Buffaloes & Cattle
by Ishtiaq Ahmad | Dr . Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Dr . Rashid Ahmad Chaudhry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: A slaughter house based study was initiated for a period of six months during which a total of 5490 buffaloes and 2120 cattle were rectally palpated from which 150 buffaloes and 50 cattle respectively, were found with non-functional ovaries and were therefore selected for the study project.
Blood samples from all the animals with non-functional ovaries were collected for serological purposes. The female genitalia were collected, examined and all those animals were excluded from the project if their genitalia were found having graafian follicles and/or corpus luteum and/or ovarian cysts during biometry.
The serum samples were tested against 13 serovars of Leptospira interrogans var australis, autumnalis, hallum, bataviae, bratislava, canicola, copenhagni, grippotyphosa, hardio, Domona, pyrogenes, sejQ, tarasovi.
From a total 150 serum samples of buffaloes with non-functional ovaries, 128 serum samples were found positive against one or more serovars of Leptospira interrogans with a seropositivity of 85%.Seropositivity of 74% (37 cattle) from a total of 50 cattle with non-functional ovaries was observed.
However non-significance difference (P> 0.05) in seropositivity against Leptospira interrogans in the animals of functional ovaries versus non-functional ovaries were observed in both cattle and buffaloes.
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7.
To Study The Comparative Efficacy Of Cloprostenol And Estradio For The Treatment Of Endometritis In Cross Bred
by Saeed Ahmad Barvi | Dr. Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Dr. Asif | Dr. Rashid Ahmad Ch | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of cioprostenol and estradiol for the treatment of 1st degree endornetrët:is in cross bred dairy cows.
One hundred and sixty cross bred cows suffering from 1st degree endometrétis were selected amongst the animals brought for A.I. or repeat breeding at different A.I.Centres/Sub-centres in Lahore city. After detailed gynaecological examination animals were randomly divided into four treatment groups. Forty cross bred cows in group 'A' were injected cloprostenol on day 10 of oestrous cycle and cured animals were
inseminated at the end of induced oestrus. Similarly were in group 'B' 40 cross bred cows were injected cloprostenol on day 10 of oestrous cycle and cured animals were inseminated at the end of oestrus that followed the induced one. in group 'C' endometretic bred cows were treated with estradiol intrauterinally for 3
alternate days of oestrous cycle and the cured animals were inseminated on next oestrus, Group 'D' comprised forty cross bred cows. This group served for all other groups as control. All the animals were inseminated without any treatment. After two months all the animals were palpated rectaly for pregnancy diagnosis. Only 144 animals could he traced for pregnancy diagnosis. While others died or were sold and transferred to untraceable places. The percent curative and conception rate observed in cloprostenol treated group 'A' (ind-oestus) were 75, 66.66, respectively. Similarly in group 'B' the percent curative and conception rate in cloprostenol treated (followed lind - oestrus) aimais were 87.50, 76.47. In estradiol treated animals the curative rate was 62.50% while conception rate observed was 60.86%. In control group only 40% animals conceived after insemination. On the basis of curative and conception rates cloprostenol was found better than stilboestrol for the treatment of 1st degree endometrtis. Moreover, in cloprostenol trente(1 group resti tt of inseminat ions in Tind oestrus was found better than induced one. Therefore, cloprostenol treatment is recommended as a drug of first choice for the treatment of 1st degree endometritis in cross bred diary cows.
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8.
Studies On The Senility Pattern In Relation To Reproductive Efficincy In Male Nili Ravi Buffalo
by Capt. Farman Ahmaed Jafri | Dr. Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Dr. M. Afzal | Dr. Rashid Ahmad Ch | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Thirty five Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls stationed at Semen Production Unit Qadirabad were selected for the subject study. All the bulls were normal and regular donar of semen at the station. They were splitted into ten groups according to their age. Each group was carrying three to four animals. A total of 560 ejaculates were collected. Senility pattern was represented by evaluating volume, mass motility, concentration, sperm abnormality, dead/live percentage and reaction time. The data on all these parameters was collected and statistically analyzed to investigate the effect of advancing age on various seminal characteristics and reaction time in buffalo bull.
Statistically, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was noticed for all the parameters among bulls of different age groups. Maximum ejaculate volume, sperm abnormality, percentage of dead spermatozoa and reaction time were observed in age groups IX and X. Minimum ejaculate volume, percentage of dead sperms and reaction .time were observed in age group I. Mass motility and sperm concentration were maximum in age group IV while minimum in age group IX. Minimum sperm abnormality was found in age group III.
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9.
Studies On Vaginal Bacterial Flora In Cyclic And Non-Cyclic Nili-Ravi Buffalo
by Sana Ullah Bhatti | Dr. Rashid Ahmad Ch | Dr. Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1990Dissertation note: A total number of 60 Nili-Ravi bu±faloes were included in the study to compare the vaginal bacterial flora. Out of these 60 animals 30 were cyclic and rest of the buffaloes were non-cyclic.
Bacteria belonging to five different species were isolated from 27 out of 30 in non-cyclic and 5 out of 30 in cyclic buffaloes. From the isolates, Staphylococcus aureus had the highest incidence (16.66%) followed by Streptococcus pyogenes (13.33%), Escherichia coli (8.33%), Coryriebacterium pyogenes (6.66%) mixed infection (5%) and Bacillus cereus (3.33%). The vaginal samples of Nili-Ravi buffaloes in non-cyclic group revealed a higher bacterial count as compared to cyclic group and it was concluded that higher bacterial load in the vagina was responsible for the reproductive problems.
No strain of Brucella could be isolated. The animals treated intra-vaginally responded favourably as the viable bacterial count was lowered after the intra- vaginal treatment.
On the basis of in-vitro antibiotic sensitivity test, Strepto-penicillin was recommended for the treatment of vaginal infections as the drug of choice as it was effective against the majority of the ilates.
During the fertility trials the average conception rate was 62.93% after the treatment in the non-cyclic group.
In the light of the results of present study, a detsiled investigation would be of significant importance as far as the sexual health control measures of the buffalo are concerned.
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10.
Effect Of Thawing At Ambient Temperature On The Qulty Of Frozen Buffalo Semen
by Muhammad Nazir | Dr. Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Dr. M. Yaqoob | Dr. Naeem Ullah Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: A total of 30 ejaculates, from ten normally producing Nili/Ravi buffalo bulls, with average fertility results, were obtained for the present study. Semen was extended in Lactose- Fructose-Yolk-Glycerol extender in a one step dilution. Semen packaged in 0.5 ml French straws was frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen for 24 hours before thawing.
Thawing of semen was carried out in a water bath at five ambient temperatures (20°, 25°, 30°,35° and 40°c) and three durations (15, 30 and 60 seconds). Thawing temperature of 37°C for 15 seconds was taken as control.
After each thawing, seminal quality was determined by each of the five testing methods i.e. % progressive motility of spermatozoa, percentage of intact acrosomes at 2 hours of incubation at 38 C, livability, Absolute index of livability, and the sephadex Gel-filteration test.
Analysis of data showed significant differences ( P<0.05) among all 16 thawing procedures on the basis of each evaluation methods used to determine the post-thaw seminal quality.
Analysis of variance revealed that the differences accounted for the temperature alone (P < 0.01) and not the thawing durations. (P>0.01).
Variations among bulls were lower than ejaculates and therefore, interactions of bulls with treatments were not expected (1> 0.05).
Multiple comparisons revealed highest values of seminal quality for all test methods after thawing at 40°C for 15 to 30 seconds.
As thawing of semen at lower temperatures resulted in inferior quality therefore, thawing at an ambient temperature below 35°C could not be recommended.
From the above results it may be concluded that to achieve maximal post-thaw seminal quality (and fertility) and to avoid sperm cell damage with cold shock, thawing of frozen buffalo bull semen be carried out at water bath temperature of 40°C for 15 and 30 seconds during Winter and Summer, respectively.
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11.
Effect Of Thawing At Ambient Temperature On The Quality Of Frozen Buffalo Semen
by Muhammad Nazir | Dr. Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Naeem Ullah Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: A total of 30 ejaculates, from ten normally producing Nili/Ravi buffalo bulls, with average fertility results, were obtained for the present stidy. Semen was extended in Lactose- Fructose-Yolk-Glycerol extender in a one step dilution. Semen packaged in 0.5 ml French straws was frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen for 24 hours before thawing.
Thawing of semen was carried out in a water bath at five ambient temperatures (20°, 25°, 30°,35° and 40°C) and three durations ( 15, 30 and 60 seconds). Thawing temperature of 37°C for 15 seconds was taken as control.
After each thawing, seminal quality was determined by each of the five testing methods i.e. % progressive motility of
spermatozoa, percentage of intact acrosomes at 2 hours of incu-
0
bation at 38 C, livability, Absolute index of livability, and the
sephadex Gel-filteration test.
Analysis of data showed significant differences ( P L 0.05) among all 16 thawing procedures on the basis of each evaluation methods used to determine the post-thaw seminal quality.
Analysis of variance revealed that the differences accounted for the temperature alone (P L 0.01) and not the thawing durations. (P >0.01). V -39- Variations among bulls were lower than ejaculates
and therefore, interactions of bulls with treatments were not expected (p >0.05).
Multiple comparisons revealed highest values of seminal quality for all test methods after thawing at 40°C for 15 to 30 seconds.
As thawiig of semen at lower temperatures resulted in inferior quality therefore, thawing at an ambient temperature below 35°C could not be recommended.
From the above results it may be concluded that to achieve maximal post-thaw seminal quality (and fertility) and to avoid sperrn cell damage with cold shock, thawing of frozen buffalo bull semen be carried out at water bath temperature of 40°C for 15 and 30 seconds during Winter and Summer, respectively.
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