1.
Effect Of Substitution Of Fish Meal With Cotton Seed Meal On Performence Of Broiler Chicks
by Umer Malik, M | Dr. Nisar Ahmad | Dr M. Javed Qurshi | Dr. M. Aslam.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: The present study was under taken to investigate the effect of substitution of fish meal which is comparatively costly protein supplement with cheaper cotton seed meal on performance of broiler chicks. As one hundred and eighty Star Bro day old broiler chicks were reared on five experimental rations upto 50 day of age. The control ration contained 12 % fish meal (100 %) which was replaced by the cotton seed meal at 0, 4.17, 7.39, 11.03 and 14.72 % level (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% on Protein equivalent basis). The starter rations were fed upto 28 days of age and finisher rations were fed upto 50th day.
Results revealed however non significant difference among weight gain of chicks fed on different experimental starter rations. But significant differences among weight gain of chicks fed on finisher rations were noticed.
The chicks fed on rations containing 100%,75%, 50% and 25% fish meal were heavier as compared to those chicks fed on rations in which fish meal was replaced by cotton seed meal on protein equivalent basis. Non significant differences in total weight gain were noticed amongst chicks fed on different experimental rations. highly significantly more feed was consumed by the chicks fed on starter and finisher rations containing 100%, 75%, and 50% fish meal as compared to those chicks fed on other experimental rations. Apparently better feed utilization in chicks were noticed by addition of cotton seed meal at different levels i.e 4.17, 7.39 and 11.03 % in the starter and finisher rations. However non significant differences among the feed efficiency values were observed in chicks fed on various experimental rations. However dressing % of all the birds fed on different rations was found non significant. Present study indicated that addition of cotton seed meal did not significantly effect the growth rate, however, slightly decreased growth rate was observed with progressive increase of cotton seed meal in the ration. Feed efficiency was comparable with that of fish meal. Results also indicated that ration containing cotton seed meal were comparatively cheaper and cost per Kg of live weight was decreased. Therefore, net profit per chick was greater.
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2.
Studies On The Use Of Brewer'S Dried Yeast (Saccharomyces Yeast) As Vegetable Protein Source In Broiler
by Zahid Hussain | Dr. Nisar Ahmad | Dr. Jawad Ahmad Qureshi | Dr. M. Aslam.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: As about 60% of the total cost of poultry production incurs on feed, therefore, it is the major component, which mostly affects the economical poultry production. Unfortunately the poultry industry of Pakistan is mainly affected by substandard poultry feeding, which is due to limited availability of quality feed resources particularly protein sources. The incorporation of various non- conventional vegetable protein sources in poultry feed, if properly added have given satisfactory results.
Keeping in view a study was conducted to determine the nutritional value of Brewer's dried yeast replacing sesame meal on growth rate and feed utilization of broiler chicks.
Two hundreds and ten day old broiler chicks were randomly divided into seven groups of 30 birds each so as to have three replicate per group, each having ten chicks. The chicks were fed on seven different experimental rations A to G containing Brewer's dried yeast at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% of the ration respectively replacing sesame meal.
The results indicated that average weight gain of the chicks fed experimental ration A to G was 1203, 1175, 1175, 1166, 1138, 1127 and 1096 grams respectively. There was a proportionate depression in weight gain as the level of Brewer's dried yeast was increased. The proportionate depression in weight gain with increasing level of Brewer's dried yeast replacing sesame meal could be attributed to poor quality amino acid profile or biological value of the yeast as compared with sesame meal. It could also be attributed to certain anti-nutritional factors or high amounts of nucleic acids of yeast. The feed consumption of the chicks fed experimental ration A to G was 2516, 2484, 2526, 2502, 2436, 2501 and 2469 grams respectively. The chicks fed ration C consumed greater amount of feed, while the chicks fed ration E had the poor feed consumption. The feed consumption showed no proper pattern as was observed in case of weight gain and there was non-significant difference in feed consumption of different groups of chicks The feed conversion ratio of the chicks fed experimental rations A to C was 2.06, 2.11, 2.15, 2.15, 2.14, 2.15 and 2.15 respectively. The results indicated that the chicks fed ration A had the best feed conversion ratio of 2.06 and the feed conversion ratio was adversely affected on account of incorporation of Brewer's dried yeast. The dressed weight of the chicks fed ration A to 0 was 612, 600, 599, 593, 577, 577 and 555 grams respectively. The dressed weight showed the same trend as was observed in weight gain. The dressing percentage was 50.9, 50.1, 50.4, 51.30, 50.80, 51.20 and 50.60 percent respectively and there was hon-significant difference among difference groups. Similarly the weight of internal organs of the chicks per 100 grams of dressed weight i.e. Liver, Spleen, Pancreas, Heart and Gizzard showed non-significant difference among different groups. The economics of incorporation of Brewer's dried yeast revealed that the replacement of sesame meal with Brewer's dried yeast was economically viable.
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3.
Study On The Effect Of Different Methods Of Minimizing Heat Stress On The Performance Of Broilers
by Mansoor Ahmed Cheema | Dr. Muhammad Saleem Shaudhary | Prof. Dr. M. Aslam Bhatti | Prof. Dr. Nisar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: The present study was planned to compare desert cooler, water sprinkling and false ceiling and to investigate their effects on performance of broilers during heat stress. Two hundred and forty, one day-old broiler chicks were procured from local market. They were divided into four groups i.e. A, B, C and D. Each group was Further subdivided into three replicates. Each group was reared sepnrnJv in di ITorent, pens. Feed and wiLer were provided Rd 1ibitun. The duration of experimental period was 6 weeks. rFreatn1(it.Is viz desert cooler, water sprinkling, false ceiling and
control were allotted to groups B, C, D and A respectively. The treatments were used from 3rd week of age to onward in the respective groups. Data regarding temperature, humidity, weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion were recorded and daily average was calculated each week.
The data obtained showed that all the treatments (desert cooler, water sprinkling, and False ceiling) had a effect (P < 0.05) on temperature, with highest cooling efficiency in the birds kept in desert cooler, followed by water sprinkling treatment and false ceiling
Only desert cooler and water sprinkling treatments caused higher(P <0.05) relative humidity than either false ceiling treatment or control group. Although all the treatments showed a difference (P<0.05), group B (desert cooler) had the highest weight gain with maximum feed consumption i.e. 2047.78 g and 4740.74 g followed by group C (water sprinkling) 1857.36 g and 4261.26 g and D (false ceiling) 1443.97 g and 3248.37 g. The poorest weight gain and feed consumption was observed in control group i.e. 1154.35 g and 2487.28 g. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of control group was better (P < 0.05) than the experimental groups, while no significant difference was observed among the experimental groups. No significant difference was also observed in the dressing percentages of all the groups. There was no mortality in any group throughout the duration of this project. Economics studies suggested that water sprinkling treatment was most. economical, followed by desert cooler treatment, while false ceiling treatment was the most expensive treatment, which cost even more than the control group.
On the basis of results obtained it could be suggested that desert cooler was the best method for minimizing the heal stress Followed by water sprinkling and false ceiling.
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4.
A Survellance On Managemental Problems Of Layer Farms In And Around Lahore District
by Zia ur Rasool, M | Dr. M. Saleem Chaudhry | Dr. M. Aslam Bhatti | Dr. Saghir.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: A survey of randomly selected 50 layer farms was conducted in and around Lahore district. Data regarding farming structure, location and dimension of sheds/farms, feed and feeding, watering, labour management, lighting schedule, equipments, litter management, biosecurity and sanitation, vaccines and vaccination, health cover after disease outbreak, deworming, culling, environment control, egg production; storage and marketing, molting, availability of extension services, sale of old birds, record keeping and economics were collected through a questionnaire by interviewing individual farmers/supervisors.
The results showed that almost literate people were doing layer business. Most of farms comprised more than one shed but the capacity was not fully utilized. The farms were located at a reasonable distance both from Lahore and main road. Almost all sheds were constructed in right direction and dimensions. Mostly commercial feeds were in use and storage facility was present at most of farms with a proper storage period. Almost all farmers had water from hand pumps and dunkey pumps which had numerous problems like E. ç2jj, salts like sodium chloride and nitrates etc. Automatic drinkers were mostly in use and frequency of filling water tank was more in summer. Nominal wages were given to labour with no special reward and criteria of selecting labour was honesty, hardwork and experience. Lighting period at most of farms was according to company's schedule. Plastic and steel equipments were mostly used and brooding was done by coal and electric brooders alongwith karosine oil stoves. Rice husk and saw dust were litter materials commonly used, however, rice husk was found to be slightly more common. Practices of biosecurity and sanitation were not followed as required. Generally, vaccines had their origin from private companies and found to have reasonable results. Mortality rate was comparatively high due to unsatisfactory managemental practices. Cost of mdication was also higher due to repeated attacks of diseases. Deworming have found to be a routine practice and had good effect on production. Culling was not practiced properly due to lack of technical know how. Environment extremes both heat and cold were observed to be the major problems in layer production. Egg production at most of farms and practices of collection and marketing were found better. Molting was still not a common practice however most of those who did it, found molting beneficial and economical. Extension services were mainly provided by private sector. Record keeping was commonly practiced. It was concluded that there were lot of managemental problems at the farms which resulted into poor production as compared to the advanced world.
SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Latest information regarding management and production should be disseminated to the farmers through launching of short term training courses/programmes.
2. Field technical staff should be offered refresher courses in order to be in touch with new diagnostic techniques.
3. Horizontal transmission of diseases can be reduced by following strict biosecurity measures including regular disinfection of farms, equipments and litter. Foot baths should be made available by each farmer.
4. Provision of required temperature and humidity is prerequisite in attaining maximum egg production. Provision of constant environment can be made through the use of cooling and heating systems.
5. Good quality feed at reasonable prices is now the need of the hour. Government should give subsidies on import of required ingredients as well as legislation should be done to bound feed manufacturers to give quality feed.
6. Most of farmers are facing many problems due to low quality water. This can be reduced by guiding farmers for regular chlorination and disinfection.
7. Vaccines and medicines available in the market are both of low quality and expensive. This needs special check on importers and manufacturers.
8. Farmers should be encouraged to shift on cages instead of deep litter system in order to enhance labour efficiency and production.
9 . Cleaning of dirty eggs should be adopted by every farmer to limit the entrance of disease producing germs in the eggs to avoid health hazards to humans.
10. Medicine withdrawal time is a crucial topic which is absolutely ignored by our farmers, resulting antibiotics resistance in humans. Legislation should be made upon it.
11. Egg marketing should be based on grading. Larger eggs should have more prices than smaller ones so that farmers could get proper profit of their product.
12. Government should encourage the establishment of egg processing and storage plants in order to limit the difference of demand and supply of eggs throughout the year.
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5.
Effect Of Different Light Colours And Patterns On The Performance Of Broilers
by Athar Mahmud | Dr. Ehtisham Pervez | Dr. Javed | Dr. M. Aslam Bhatti.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1990Dissertation note: Although poultry industry is dynamic for having tremendous potential to produce quality protein from meat and eggs which has a significant impact on the economy of our country. Yet it is not a stable business because a slight variation in environment upsets its profit margins. Different lighting schedules play a prominent role for rearing the broiler birds. In recent years efforts have been made to develop more efficient lighting schedules so as to save the electricity expenditure and to produce cheaper broiler meat.
An experiment therefore, was designed to work out an ideal lighting pattern.
In this experiment two hundred and twenty day old chicks were reared together for the first fifteen days, then one hundred and eighty chicks were randomly selected and subjected to different lighting patterns and clours of red, green and normal lights. They were divided in to groups i.e. A,a B,b and C,c exposed to continuous and intermittent pattern of red, green and normal light.
The maximum weight gain was obtained by group subjected to green continuous lght and the lowest by group exposed to normal intermittent light. Likewise the maximum amount of feed was consumed by the group provided normal continuous light and minimum by the group exposed to red intermittent light. So far as the FCR is concerned, it was comparatively better in green continuous light group and poorest in normal intermittent light group. Another purpose of this experiment was to observe whether coloured and intermittent pattern of lights have better effects than that of the normal ones. The chicks subjected to green continuous light gave better body weight and FCR as compared to all other treatments. The results of the experiment suggest that we can save both electricity and feed by rearing broilers under continuous green lighting pattern.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1134,T] (1).
