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Development Of Dna Based Diagnosis Of Babesia Canis In Dogs And Its Specificity With Peripheral Blood Smear Microscopy

by Muhammad Awais (2009-VA-539) | Dr. WasimShehzad | Dr. M. YasirZahoor | Dr. M. Imran Rashid.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Babesia canis (B. canis) is an intra-erythrocytic parasite and it is responsible for canine babesiosis. Mainly ticks are responsible for its transmission to vertebrate host. Currently, there are three sub-species of B. canis has been identified i.e. B. caniscanis(B. c. canis), B. canis vogeli (B. c. vogeli)and B. canis rossi (B. c. rossi).Clinical presentation and severity of infection are markedly different for each sub-specie. Routinely used methods for the diagnosis of canine babesiosis include clinical presentation, host/vector specificity, blood smear microscopy and Immunological testing (IFAT and ELISA). In this study, blood smear microscopy and molecular based technique, PCR, were evaluated. This study has comparative as well as developmental nature.Peripheral blood smear microscopy is cost effective and quick method of diagnosis. But the limitations associated with microscopy include low parasitaemia in chronic and asymptomatic infection, morphological similarity of B. canis with other species of Plasmodium and Theileria. Furthermore, personal expertise in morphology based identification and slide preparation may also hamper the precise identification. These limitations may lead to misdiagnose the infection. PCR based method, developed in this study, found to be more specific and sensitive than conventional microscopy. Fifty blood samples were collected from September, 2014 to November, 2014. These samples were screened microscopically as well as with PCR. B. canis-like bodies were identified in forty-two (42) samples. But all (50) samples were found positive for B. canis¬via PCR. Sequencing results following PCR have shown that identified sub-specie is similar withB. c. vogeli(99%). This study clearly depict the likelihood of misdiagnosis with microscopy due to morphological similarities with other piroplasms. Therefore, PCR based methodology was found highly specific for B. canis and produced high throughput. Furthermore, sub-species differentiation is only possible with molecular based approach. As the described approach is found highly specific and sensitive than other conventional methods, therefore, it may aid in the development of clear canine babesiosis geographical distributional picture. Which ultimately help in the development of control and treatment strategies which may eradicate babesiosis. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2287-T] (1).

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Control Of Nematode Infections In Bovines In Different Parity At Calving And Its Effect On Milk Production

by Muhammad Saqib Ali (2008-VA-188) | Prof. Dr. Khalid Saeed | Dr. M. Imran Rashid | Dr. Muhammad Ijaz.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Gastrointestinal nematodes are responsible for wide range of health problems, economic losses in bovines and are characterized by reduced milk production, decreased working efficiency and even death. This study was done to evaluate the effect of different anthelmintics on nematode control in different parity cattle at calving and their effect on milk yield. In this study, we screened cattle of 1st and 2nd parity for nematodes. Animals were randomly selected in each group. In first parity animals, we found 23 positive cattle which were divided into 3 different groups while in second parity animals, we found 20 positive cattle which were divided into 3 groups. We used Albendazole (Velbazine) @ 10mg/kg body weight and levamisole (Nilverm) @ 7.5mg/kg bodyweight for treatment. In this study both drugs were found effective in controlling nematodes infections in cattle. Percentage reduction of epg by albendazole was 48.20%, 85.34%, 93.90% and 51.54%, 81.43%, 91.74% on day 7, 14 and 21 in 1st and 2nd parity animals respectively. Percentage reduction of epg by levamisole was 44.45%, 76.92%, 88.03% and 46.60%, 73.78%, 85.43% on day 7, 14 and 21 in 1st and 2nd parity animals respectively. The increase in milk production in current study was 0.39 liter per day and 0.92 liter per day in 1st and 2nd parity cattle respectively. Albendazole increased the milk fat by 0.07 %, while levamisole decreased 0.02 % in 1st parity cattle. In 2nd parity cattle, there was sufficient increase of 0.1% of milk fat by albendazole while levamisole has decreased 0.05 %. We conclude from our studies that anthelmintic treatment of recently calved cattle have significant effect on milk production due to the nematode control. Milk production increased significantly in 2nd parity friesian crossed cattle following anthelmintic treatment as compared to Summary 70 1st parity animals. Levamisole has negative effect on fat concentration in friesian crossed cattle while albendazole treated cattle has positive effect. Albendazole has been found more efficient in reducing EPG of helminths in both parity animals as compared to levamisole treated animals. It is recommended that cattle should be checked for GIT parasites by faecal examination on regular basis so that cattle should be dewormed when needed. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2527-T] (1).

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