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Effects Of Dietary Supplementation Of Thyroxine On Cellular And Humoral Immunity In Broilers

by Muhammad Saad Khilji (2013-VA-594) | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Mansur Abdullah Sandhu | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Over the past few decades broiler industry has showed great improvements in growth, increased efficiency of nutrient utilization. But advances in immune system improvement lag behind significantly. Endocrine system is also a participant in modulating immune response. One of these endocrine systems through which immune system can be modulated is through hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis. Thyroid hormones are known for their role in immune organs development such as thymus and bursa of Fabricius. So this trial was designed to evaluate cell mediated and humoral immune response of birds during hyperthyroidism. In this trial, one hundred day old broiler chickens were procured and maintained for 14 days. Then birds were divided into three groups. Group 1 received basal diet and served as control. Group 2 and Group 3 served as treatment groups and received 5 μg/Kg and 10 μg/Kg of thyroxine in addition to basal diet for 14 days. After 7, 14 and 21 days of trial, birds were bled and sampling was done. The parameters selected to assess immune response included blood collection for H:L, serum collection, macrophage engulfment performance, NO production assay, delayed type hypersensitivity reaction against phytohemagglutinin, heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, antibody titers against SRBC and viral diseases including ND and IB. Glucose tolerance test was also performed after 7, 14 and 21 days of trial. All the results for the parameters mentioned were analysed statistically using one way ANOVA. Results at p <0.05 were considered significant. Results revealed showed that hyperthyroidism negatively modulates the immune response of birds. Macrophage phagocytic performance significantly declined, heterophil to Summary 74 lymphocyte ratio showed significantly higher. Results for NO production showed increase in control group followed by 10 μg group. Skin response to phytohemagglutinin remained nonsignificant. Antibody titers against SRBC, ND and IBV significantly dropped in birds subjected to hyperthyroidism. Glucose tolerance test showed significantly lower blood glucose levels in treatment groups as compared to treatment groups. All these results suggest that hyperthyroidism can lead to deficient immune response in challenged birds and that physiological levels of thyroxine are sufficient for maintaining immune system. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2449-T] (1).

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Distribution Of Macro- And Micro-Minerals In Different Tissues Of Broilers Supplemented With Trivalent Chromium

by Abdullah Arif Saeed (2013-VA-862) | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Mansur Abdullah Sandhu | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Broiler chicken is least expensive meat in most of the world’s meat markets. Its demand is getting higher day by day. Broiler producers and researchers are experimenting with variety of supplements to improve feed conversion ratio as well as to make meat healthier and more nutritious. Many mineral supplementations are used commonly in poultry production to attain maximum efficiency. Chromium is one of the micro mineral essential for various body functions. Many research trials had been conducted on trivalent chromium chloride and its other forms observing its effect on carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. No study is yet conducted which is solely based on effect of chromium on other mineral levels in different tissues of body. This study was designed to estimate the effect of chromium chloride supplementation on distribution of macro- and micro-minerals in different tissues of body. Ninety day old chicks were kept in three groups i.e. two treatment groups and one control group. Treatment groups were divided by the concentration of chromium chloride supplemented in their feed i.e. 12.5 mg Cr/kg feed and 25 mg Cr/kg feed. Sampling was done on 35th day and samples of blood, long bones of hind limb, and thigh muscles were collected. Samples were further processed for estimation of 3 micro and 3 macro minerals. One way ANOVA was used to analyze the data and results were subjected to Tukey’s post-hoc test. There was no significant effect on muscle and serum mineral content. Calcium seems to decrease in all three bone with supplementation along with potassium. Copper concentration seems to increase in fibula with supplementation. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2447-T] (1).

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