1.
Comparative Pharmacokinetics Of Silymarin In Healthy Male And Female Volunteers
by Farah Abid | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Mateen | Dr. Sualeha Riffat.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: The study was designed to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of Silymarin in 8
healthy male and 8 healthy female volunteers. Only those healthy volunteers were
selected who were of age between 18-45 years, not having any disease. Female's
volunteers were also of age of 18-45 years and also who were not pregnant and also not
suffering from any disease.
Written consent form were taken from the volunteer and they were thoroughly
inform about the study and objectives of study ,frequency of blood sampling, and any
other side effects linked to the drug which they might having during the study.
Volunteers were divided into two groups A and B respectively. Both groups
were given silymarin 200mg dose per oral to each individua1.5ml of blood samples were
drawn after different time interval .5 ,1,2,3,5,8 and 12 hr from the vein through 5ml BD
syringes of 22 gauge needle after oral administration of silymarin.
Plasma were separated by centrifugation at 5000 RPM and stored at -40 C till
analysis. Silymarin concentration in plasma was determined by using HPLC method. All
pharmacokinetics parameter were determined by entering the plasma concentration time
data in software APO pharmacological analysis .Then pharmacological parameters in
healthy male and healthy females were compared. Result showed that pharmacokinetic
parameters are significant & those parameters were AVC, Tmax, t1l2 & CI. This result
showed that there is a significant relationship between healthy male & female.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1329,T] (1).
2.
Pharmacokinetics Of Carvedilol In Dogs After Oral Administration
by Khurram Wajih Mahmood | Ms. Huma Rasheed | Dr. Mateen | Dr. Sualeha Riffat.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Carvedilol, is a class-II, non-biowaivered drug, with low solubility. It is a candidate for several in-vivo studies including bioavailability and bioequivalence of generic versus standard, and also for testing performance of modified release products. Single dose pharmacokinetic study was performed on 12 healthy dogs using 25mg Carvedilol tablets. The objective of this study was to perform pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutic study in the dog model for Carvedilol. The animals were selected after screening by veterinary practitioner. Blood samples were collected after 15min, 30min, 1 hr, 1.5 hr, 2 hrs, 4 hrs, 6 hrs, 8 hrs, 12 hrs and 24 hrs via an in-dwelling catheter from the cephalic vein of the animals along with one base line sample taken before drug administration. The plasma samples obtained by centrifugation were analyzed by HPLC quantitative method after checking the reproducibility and linearity of the standard curve using the standards prepared in dog plasma. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by using APO software, and using appropriate compartmental pharmacokinetic model. The data derived from this study was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the observed results were compared with the published literature. The pharmacokinetic parameters investigated show that peak plasma concentration was 72.33±32.84 ng/ml, elimination half life of 1.84±2.42 hrs, Mean Residence Time was 2.98±0.96hrs, Volume of distribution of 0.57±0.6 l/kg and time to peak plasma concentration of 1.77±0.31hrs. The study defends the older proposition by pharmacokineticists that the Carvedilol shows unpredictable absorption kinetics in dogs and a few of the parameters also relate with the published finding on the Carvedilol pharmacokinetics in human. The delay in absorption and significant lag time of 1.23hrs was consistent in all subjects. The study elaborated the prospects of the possibility of using animal studies to achieve predictable pharmacokinetics of the drugs without involving human subjects.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1423,T] (1).
3.
Comparison Of Dsingle-Dose Pharmacokinetics Of Candesartan Cilexetil In Healthy Male & Female
by Hafiz Awais Nawaz | Muhammad Irfan Masood | Dr. Mateen | Dr. Sualeha Riffat.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: This study was designed to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of Candesartan in 8 healthy male and female volunteers. The study was conducted in eight healthy male volunteers and eight healthy female volunteers. Only those male volunteers were selected who aged between 18-30 years, not suffering from any disease. Female volunteers were also between age of 18-30 years, who were not pregnant and not suffering from any disease. Written consent was taken from them and they were informed about objectives of the study, frequency of blood sampling, and possible side effects of drug which they might face during the study. The male volunteers were considered as group A and healthy female volunteers were considered as group B. Both groups were administered Candesartan 16mg tablet orally to each individual. 5ml Blood samples were collected at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48 & 72 hr after the oral drug administration from vein through 5ml B.D syringe of 22guage needle. Plasma was separated by centrifugation at 5000 RPM and stored at -80ºC till analysis. Candesartan concentrations in plasma were measured by HPLC method. All pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by entering plasma concentration-time data in software APO pharmacological analysis MW/PHARM version 3.02 by assuming bio-availability of Candesartan after oral administration as 1. Pharmacokinetic parameters of Candesartan in healthy male and female volunteers were compared. Data was analyzed by unpaired t-test and it was observed that there is significant difference in AUC of Candesartan in healthy male and female volunteers after oral administration without any effect in Cmax, Tmax, volume of distribution, absorption rate constant or elimination half life. In general, candesartan produced comparable results in healthy male and female volunteers so there is no need of any dose adjustment during therapy in both genders.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1442,T] (1).
4.
Assessment Of Mycotoxin (Aflatoxin & Ochratoxin) And Pesticides In Capsicum Frutescens
by Abdul Muqeet Khan | Miss Shagufta Saeed | Dr. Mateen | Miss. Asma Waris.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: From global prospective of food safety and food security, mycotoxin contamination of foods has gained much attention as potential health hazards for humans and animals. Cereals and other crops are exposed to fungal attack in the field or during storage and this attack may result in mycotoxin contamination of the crop. Spices and herbs are important ingredients in almost every cuisine. Aflatoxins and ochratoxin A are the most important for human health perspective and in developing countries such as Pakistan where climatic conditions favor the formation of these toxic metabolites. Governments and private organizations of international level have established maximum residue levels (MRLs), which usually guide to control the amount of pesticides in foods. Therefore, the current study was planned to determine occurrence of mycotoxin (Aflatoxin and Ochratoxin) in chillies and to determine incidence of pesticide residues in chilli available on the commercial market in Pakistan.
The samples of whole chilies were collected from local markets of five cities of Punjab (Lahore, Faisalabad, Multan, Sargodha, and Rawalpindi) Pakistan. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was used for the detection of aflatoxin in red chilli (whole) samples. TLC plates were checked under UV box and those samples which showed the positive results were quantitatively analyzed by Scanner Densitometer. The residual analysis of pesticides in chilies were performed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in Toxicology Laboratory, QOL, UVAS, Lahore, Pakistan.
It observed that chilli samples of Multan city were highly contaminated by Aflatoxin B1 as compared to other cities. Maximun contamination of Aflatoxin B2 in red chilli was found in Rawalpindi city. Maximum numbers of samples (25) were detected by ochratoxin in Sargodha city and minimum number of samples detected in Lahore city. No sample was detected as positive in the samples of Rawalpindi city. Maximun numbers of samples (25) were detected by ochratoxin in Sargodha city and minimum numbers of samples were detected in Lahore city.
Endosulfan and DDE were not detected in any samples of Lahore city. Aldrin was found positive in 55% samples and DDT was found positive in 15% samples of red chilli. Endosulfan was found samples and aldrin was found positive in 40% samples of red chilli. Contamination of Endosulfan and aldrin were higher as compared to DDT and DDE. Amount of Endosulfan and aldrin was found higher in both Sargodha and Rawalpindi cities, respectively. Endosulfan was detected in maximum number of samples as compared to other pesticides in Sargodha city whereas aldrin was found higher in Rawalpindi city.
It has been observed that aflatoxin and Pesticide levels frequently exceed the limits in red pepper (>5 ?g/kg AFB1 and 10ppb AF total; > 2mg/kg Pesticides) and that risks exist for consumers.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1740,T] (1).
5.
Pharmacokinetic Study Of Different Dosage Forms Of Potassium Iodide (Renessans) In Healthy Human Volunteers
by Muhammad Zeeshan Saleem | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Aualeha Riffat | Dr. Mateen.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: This project was designed to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of different dosage forms of potassium iodide in healthy human volunteers and also to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of potassium iodide in healthy male and female volunteers. For this study 36 healthy volunteers were selected (Divided into three groups, 6 male and 6 female in each group). Only those volunteers who were between ages 20-35 were selected, not suffering from any disease. Volunteers were clearly informed about the objectives of study and written consent was taken. Healthy volunteers were divided in to three equal groups and were given capsule, solution, powder dosage form of potassium iodide respectively through oral route. 5ml blood samples were collected at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10, 12, and 24 hours from vein of either arm with I/v branula. Plasma was separated by centrifugation at 3000 RPM for 10 minutes and was stored at -80 0C till analysis. Method for the determination of potassium iodide was validated appropriately and analysis of samples was performed on HPLC. All pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by entering plasma concentration-time data in excel based software PK solutions version 2.0. Pharmacokinetic parameters of potassium iodide in healthy individuals were studied by using statistical tests mean ± SD (standard deviation) and One Way ANOVA. Pharmacokinetic comparison of different dosage forms of potassium iodide in healthy male and female volunteers was studied by unpaired t-test. Results were summarized in tables. Between the dosage forms there is significant difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters of healthy human volunteers but there was no significant difference found in pharmacokinetic parameters between healthy male and female volunteers in each dosage form.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1788,T] (1).
6.
Comparison Of Fine Wheat Flour Quality Produced By Wheat Flour Mills Of Lahore
by Mamoona Ashiq Jutt | Dr. Zubair Farooq | Dr. Mateen | Dr. Naureen Naeeem.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2112,T] (1).
7.
A Comparative Study Of The Effect Of Traditional And Commercial Packaging On The Storabilityu Of Wheat Flour
by Tariq Shahzad Jutt | Dr. Zubair Farooq | Dr. Mateen | Dr. Naureen Naeem.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2113,T] (1).
8.
Determination Of Acrylamide In Fried Potato Chips And Impact Of Various Treatments On Acrylamide Formation
by Asad Amjad | Dr. Muhammad Nasir | Dr. Mateen | Ms. Frasat Rizwan.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2134,T] (1).
9.
Determination Of Veterinary Drug Residues In Sheep And Goat Casing Prepared For Sausage Industry In Pakistan
by Tariq Mehmood Khan | Dr. Muhammad Nasir | Dr. Mateen | Dr. zubair Farooq.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2135,T] (1).
10.
Formulation, Characterization And In Vitro Studies Of Indapamide Sustained Release Matrix Tablet From Natural Polymer Muhammad Irfan Masood
by Beenish Shams (2012-VA-643) | Shaista Qamar | Dr. Mateen Abbas .
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: With each advancement in medicine, we are faced with the need for an effective method of drug delivery which is easy for the patient and maintains the bioavailability of the drug. Sustained release (SR) dosage is such a method, where discharge of drug is achieved for prolonged period. Such tuitions are used to provide a primary dose, obligatory for a usual therapeutic response, trailed by a steady release of the active constituent in quantities appropriate to maintain the required therapeutic reaction for the time required, usually 8-12 hrs. The sustained release drug delivery (SRDD) method has some potential advantage like; sustained release rate, reduction in dose frequency, dose maintenance in plasma, improved patient compliance, reduced toxicity due to overdose, reduction in fluctuation of peak valley concentration. (Isha et al. 2012)
Polymers are used in SRDD because of their quality of self-transforming and longer activity. For decades, polymers have been playing an important role as excipients in tablet and capsule formulation and offer functions such as drug targeting. They are employed successfully in SRDD because of their low molecular weight. (Rao et al. 2012) The use of naturally arising plant based polymers become very imperative in the expansion of SR dosage forms and employed in many preparations based on their molecular weight and properties. Natural polymers are among the most prevalent hydrophilic polymers because they are cheap to run, governing acceptance, non-toxic in nature, reasonable and obtainability. Okra gum, Xanthan gum, Karaya gum, Guar gum etc are the most popular naturally occurring polymers act as thickening agents and drug release retardants used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and food products.(Rajamma et al. 2012)
Xanthan gum is extensively used in the formulation of sustained release matrix tablets as it is biodegradable, non-toxic hydrate and swells. Pure culture fermentation procedure of a
carbohydrate with Xanthomonas compestris is used to produce Xanthan gum. It is a sodium, calcium or potassium salt of a high molecular weight polysaccharide having D-glucuronic acid, D-glucose and D-mannose. (Sekhar et al.2011) This gum is selected as it is widely available and cheaper as compared to other polymers currently available (Rajesh et al.2009).
Hypertension is well-defined as a systolic blood pressure of > 140 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure of>90 mm Hg. Hypertension is threat for myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, stroke, end stage renal disease and peripheral vascular disease. The World Health Organization stated that suboptimal blood pressure (systolic blood pressure>160) is accountable for 62% of cerebrovascular diseases and 49% of ischemic heart diseases. (Parvathi et al.2012)
Indapamide is a thiazide like diuretic that is lipid soluble and has a long duration of action. It has antihypertensive effect at low doses, while having minimal diuretic effect. It decreases the reabsorption of sodium by inhibiting Na+/Cl- transporter. (Hossain MA et al. 2013). It shows anti-hypertensive activity in SR at a dosage of 1.5mg/day. Pure Indapamide is almost insoluble in water (0.75 mg/l) and poorly absorbed from gastro intestinal tract. Indapamide has half-life of 14-18 hours and poor bioavailability of 30-40%. (Sanam et al. 2012)
Present study was conducted to formulate sustained release dosage form of Indapamide used for the treatment of hypertension using natural polymer xanthan gum as a release retardant material.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2204,T] (1).
11.
Detoxification Of Aflatoxins Using Different Organic Acids
by Sana Ejaz (2013-VA-14) | Dr. Mateen Abbas | Dr. Muhammad Tayyab | Dr. Sehrish Firyal.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: From global prospective of food safety and food security, mycotoxin contamination of foods has gained much attention as potential health hazards for humans and animals. Cereals and other crops are exposed to fungal attack in the field or during storage and this attack may result in mycotoxin contamination of crops. Animal feed is basic necessity for all the live stock, poultry and other animals. AF is the most important for human and animal health perspective and in developing countries such as Pakistan where climate conditions favor the formation of these toxic metabolites. Governments and private organizations of international level have established maximum residue levels (MRIs) which usually guide to control AF in feed. Therefore, the current study was planned to detoxify AF by using different organic acid treatments in animal feed collected from different dairy farms of Punjab.
The samples of cotton seed cake, maize oil cake and animal feed were collected and checked the presence of AFB1 qualitatively by TLC and quantitatively by HPLC. The samples which gave positive results were treated with different acidic treatments applied on it. Firstly checked the results of citric acid, acetic acid and lactic acid on feed sample qualitatively by TLC. TLC plates were checked under UV box and the samples which showed the detoxification of AF were quantitatively analyzed by HPLC in Toxicology Laboratory, QOL, UVAS, Lahore, Pakistan.
The average concentration of AFB1 found in the cotton seed cake, maize oil cake and mixed feed were 279.8 ppb, 34.2 ppb and 25.5 ppb, respectively much greater than permissible levels proposed by European Union. Treatments of varying concentration of citric acid, acetic acid and lactic acid were applied on positive samples (≥20 ppb) and checked their effect on rate of detoxification.
All the above mention treatments applied on the feed samples in order to obtained in vitro detoxification of AFB1. Sprayed different concentration of acetic acid, citric acid and lactic on positive samples by varying volumes and placed them over night then extracted and analyzed.
It has been observed that 1N concentration of citric acid, acetic acid and lactic acid showed complete detoxification. However, when these samples were treated with 0.5N solution of organic acids then variation was seen in rate of detoxification.
Statistically these results were analyzed by ANOVA which showed that effect of these treatments on rate of detoxification was highly significant (P<0.05). In vitro detoxification of AF by these organic acids was proved beneficial in order to reduce the animal and human health risks. However, in vivo detoxification of aflatoxin by using these organic acids should be studied in future.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2283-T] (1).
