1.
Pillars of Epidemiology
by Prof. Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan.
Edition: 1st edMaterial type: Publisher: Pakistan: UVAS LAHORE; 2013Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 614.4 Athar 30073 1st 2013 Epidemiology] (3).
2.
Ehd-e-Nabvi Main Nizaam-e-Hukmarani
by Dr. Muhammad Hameed Ullah.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: Lahore: Nigarshaat Publishers; 2014Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 297.63 Hameed 30253 1st 2014 Islam] (1).
3.
Fattening Of Lambs With Different Vegetable Protein Sources
by Mohsin Raza Malik | Dr . Muhammad Yapoob Malik | Dr . Nisar Ahmad | Dr . Rashid.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0055,T] (1).
4.
Comparative Efficacy Of Casoni Skin Test, Indirect Haemagglutination And Double Diffusion Tests For The Detection Of Hydatidosis In Goats
by Azam Mahmood | Prof. Dr. Tufail Muhammad Khan | Dr. Manzoor Ahmad Basraa | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0149,T] (1).
5.
Prevalence Of G.Ilt. Namatodes In P:Heasants At Lahore Zoo/Jallo Wildlife Park & Its Chemotherapy With Oxfendazole (Oxafax) & Febental [Rintal]
by Makhdoom Najaf, Muftee | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: This experiment was conducted to find out that efficacy of various anthelmintics in birds (Pheasants) for the treatment of Ascaridia, Heteraki and Trichostrungylus.
Thirty six pheasants naturally infected were selected for study. They were divided into 3 groups that in A, B & C. The anthelmintics used were Rintal and Oxafax. They were given to Group A, B respectively. Group C was considered as control to know the increase in the number of eggs per gm. of feces during the experimental period, showing the increase as 2375 and 2908 and 8.34% and 32.66% on third and seventh day of experiment.
Fecal samples were obtained from pheasants owing to Punjab Wildlife Department, i.e. Lahore Zoo and Jallo Wildlife Park, Lahore brought to Medicine Lab., College of Veterinary Sciences Lahore of -rye samples were done:
a. Before the administration of drugs.
b. After 3rd day of treatment.
c. After 7th day of treatment by using MC. Master technique.
As regards the efficacy of the drugs, the Rintal was found highly effective and reduced 90.58 eggs per grams of feces, Oxafax reduced 82.42%.
In addition to effectiveness, Rintal was also the cheapest, anthelinintic out of two. So Rintal was recommended for field use. It was observed thak incidence of infection (Ascaridia, Heterakis) in Lahore Zoo was 25% and incidence of infection in Jallo Wildlife Park was 23% overall incidence was 24%. In Lahore Zoo the prevalence was 60.11% for Ascaridia and for 1-leterakis 38.88% whereas in Jallo Wildlife Park, Lahore it was 65.21% for Ascaridia and for Heterakis 34.78% respectively.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0172,T] (1).
6.
Study & Comparative Efficacy Of Oral & Injectable Levamisole Against G.I.T. Nematodes In Cattle And Buffaloes
by Anwar Hayat Hanjra | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
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not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: This project was designed to find out the incidence of gastrointestinal nematodes and to chalk out the comparative efficacy of Levamisole Hcl oral and Levamisole Hcl injectable (Anthelmin powder and injection) in young buffaloes and cattle upto two years of age at Lahore and adjacent areas. The therapeutic trials were conducted on both sexes of buffaloes and cattle having moderate to heavy infection. The efficacy was evaluated on the basis of reduction in EPG (eggs per gram of the faeces) by using MoMaster technique.
Out of the total 300 faecal samples collected directly from the rectum of experimental animals, 128 were positive for G.I.T nematodes and incidence was found to be 42.66%. The eggs of different species of nematodes, as Neoscaris vitulorum, Haemonch, Cooperia, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus etc. were identified from the faecal samples. It was observed that the incidence of G.I.T nematodes was 44.50% and 39.83% in buffaloes and cattle respectively.
Out of the 128 positive animals ninety animals were selected for the drug trials and divided into three groups of thirty animal each i.e groups A, B and C. The anthelmin tic efficacy of Levamisol Hcl oral and Levamisol Hcl injectable against G.I.T. nernatodes was observed by administering the drug to group A and B respectively and group C was kept as non-medicated control. The efficacy was determined on basis of reduction in number of ova count discharged in faeces post medication. The percentage efficacy observed on 14th day was 96. 71% and 97. 80% in buffaloes and cattle respectively, for Levamisole Hcl oral. The efficacy was 98.62% and 98.29% in huffa1oe, and cattle respectively for Levamisole Hcl injectable.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0237,T] (1).
7.
Comparative Study Of Acaricides (Ivermectin & Asuntol) For The Treatment Of Mange Mites In Sheep
by Allah Diwaya Khan | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Ectoparasites are major problem creaters in the smooth rearing of sheep. Ainongs the ectoparasites mange mites are of prime importance as 'they damage skin, hide and wool etc. In the present study Iverinectin and Asuntol were used for the treatment of mange mites. A single subcutaneous injection of Ivermeotin 1% at dose rate of 1 nil/adult gave a cure of 80% adjudged on day 14 post treatment. A single spray of 0.1% solution of Asuntol could eliminate the condition in 65% of the clinical cases. On the same day in the animals which were kept as control (untreated), no spontaneous recovery was noted rather the condition aggravated.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0238,T] (1).
8.
Study Of Coccidiosis In Different Age Groups & Estimation Of Haemaglobin, Pcv And Total Proteins In Camels
by Ashfar-ur-Rehman | Muhammed Sarwer khan | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Mubasher | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The present study was conducted to find out the prevalence of coccidiosis in different age groups of camels and to estimate haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and total serum proteins in positive cases. For this purpose study was carried out on 300 animals of different age groups of camels (calves, young and adult) brought to Lahore abattoir for slaughtering during a period between June to August 1991. The investigation showed that out of 300 animals, 29 (9.66%) were positive for coocidiosis.
It was also observed that infection rate was higher in calves (25.86%) than in young (5.62%) and adult camels (6.09%). The study also indicated that the prevalence of coccidiosis remained as in the month of June (8.42%), July (9.60%) end in August (11.25%).
The present investigation revealed that an average haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and total serum protein were 9.2 ± 0..3g/100 ml, 35..27 ± 0.46% and 8.3 ± 1.0g/100 ml of positive animals respectively.. It was recorded that 19 animals showed decrease in haemoglobin, 6 showed increase in packed cell volume and 9 showed increase in total serum protein.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0246,T] (1).
9.
Incidence Of Surra (Trypanasomiasis) & Estimation Of Blood Glucose Protein P.,C.V. Values In Camels Grought To Lahore Abbatoir
by Saleem Ahmad, S | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Asif Rabbani | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Trypanosomiasis in camels caused by T. evansi occurs in both acute and chronic forms. In chronic forms huge production loss occur, i.e lower milk and meat yields. The present study had been designed to find out the incidence of the disease and estimation of blood glucose ,P.C.V. and protein level , it will eventually lead to the control of Trypanosomiasis.
For the incidence, blood samples were col- lected from Lahore abattoir and the presence of Trypa- nosome was confirmed by making smear from freshly collected blood samples from the ear vein.For the haematological study blood was collected from jugular vein in the glass tube . The values of protein , PC.V. and blood glucose was estimated by standard method.
Out of 500 samples 24 were proved to be positive i.e 4.80 % sample were positive.Whereas in the month of July 1991 it comes 4.16 %,In the month of Aug. 91 estimated as 5.58 % and during Sept. 91 was estimated as 4.30 %.
On examining the values of serum protein ,blood glucose and Packed Cell Volume ( P.C.V.) of the positive samples they showed slight increase in protein value ,decrease in glucose value and also reduction of P.C.V. values. Their mean values were calculated as 9.55 g/100 ml,29.07 mg/100 ml and 20.25 % respectively.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0247,T] (1).
10.
Chemotherapy Of Fascioliosis With Nitroxynil And Estimation Of Serum Bilirubin & Sgot Levels In Sheep And and Goats
by Ayaz Wazir, Malik | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Fascioliasis is one of the major economically important diseases affecting a mass population of sheep and goats in Pakistan. The present study was designed to find out the prevalence of fascioliasis in N.W.F.P., and the serum bilirubin and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activities in sheep and goats before and after treatment with Nitroxynil.
In this study out of 240 sheep and 360 goats forty sheep (16.667.) and forty goats (11.117.) were found positive for fascioliasis, by applying direct smear and zinc sulphate floatation technique. The eggs per gram of faeces were done by Mc Master eggs counting technique. Serum samples of forty sheep and forty goats positive for fascioliasis and twenty sheep and twenty goats negative for the same were examined for bilirubin and SGOT activities before & after medication with Nitroxynil with a dose rate of 1 ml/20 kg body weight, sub cutaneously. The drug was highly effective in all the infected groups of the animals in eradication of fascioliasis. The efficacy of the drug in the form of the eggs per gram of faeces count was determined and was recorded as 83.907. in sheep and 85.977. in goats.
The mean serum bilirubin value of group "C6" was 0.24 mg/dl, which raised to 0.61 mg/dl, in group "A and to 1.19 mg/di in group "Be". Serum Bilirubin levels of group "Co" was 0.25 mg/dl at day zero while it was 0.69 mg/dl in group "Ag" and 1.09 mg/dl in group "Eg" animals on the same day.
The mean serum bilirubin values of group "C5 and Cg" remained unchanged after 14 days of treatment, while these values were 0.33 mg/dl and 0.33 mg/di in groups "As & Ag" respectively, after 14-days of medication. Similarly in groups "Ba & 8g" the reduction in serum bilirubin after 14- days post treatment also occured and the mean values were recorded as 0.62 mg/di and 0.52 mg/dl respectively.
Pre-medication mean serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activities in group "C5 and Cg" were 40.14 units/mi and 40.15 units/mi respectively. The level of SOOT in these groups remained unchanged after medication, while serum 60T values were 86.95 units/mi and 80.77 units/mi in group "As and AQ" and were 96.75 units/mi and 106.27 units/mi in group "B5 and Bg" respectively, before treatment.
After 14 days of treatment with Nitroxynii the SOOT values of the above groups were significantly reduced, and the values recorded were 70.00 and 54.89 units/mi in "A5 and Ag" and 75.47 and 57.88 units/mi in group "Be, Bg" respectively.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0328,T] (1).
11.
The Efficacy Of Ivomec Injection, A Broad Spectrum Anthelmintic, Against Gastro-Intestinal Nematodes & Lung Work In Sheep
by Karamat Ullah | Muhammed sarwer Khan | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Mubasher | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: A study was conducted to find outs the efficacy of a newly introduced, ((in Pakistan ) broad-spectrum anthelminitic injection i.e. ivomec (ivermactin H.S.D. Agvet) against the naturally infected sheep in District Guiranwala, Which were very heavily infected with G.I.T. nemtodes and lung worms. The animals were emaciated, in Diarrhoe-al condition, rough wool coat and with cough. (confirmed by feacel egg and larval count examinations).
In total 90 sheep were rendemly selected for this study. They were divided into three equal group each containing 30 animals namely A, B. & C. (Group A positive for G.I.T. nematode infection, group B positive for lung worm infection and group C kept as non-medicated infected control). Group C was further divided into group C1, kept as control against the nematode infected group & Group C2 kept as control against the lung worms infected group.
The drug was used according to the manufacturer recommended dosage i.e. 0.2 mg/kg body weight injection by sub-contaneous route. The drug revealed a high efficacy (100%) against the G.I.T. nematodes and lung' worm infection. The egg counting and larval of lung worms counting was performed on the 0, 3rd, 7th and 10 day of the treatment. The E.P.G. and larval count was 0 at 3rd, 7th and 10th day of treatment which indicated that this drug was 100% effective against- G.I.T. nematodes and lung worms.
A 0.75 kg weight gain was seen in the treated groups while animals of control groups reduced weight. No side effects of medicine were recorded during the experiment.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0329,T] (1).
12.
Taxonomical Study Of Ticks Of Genus Rhipicephalus And Their Relation To The Incidence Of Haemoparasites And Comparative Efficacy Of Different Acaricides On Ticks In Sheep And Goats In Kaghan Valley
by Imtiaz Khan, M | Dr. Mubasher Saeed Mian | Dr. M. Afzal | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0344,T] (1).
13.
To Study The Effect Of Different Dietary Protein & Energy Level On The Growth Performance Of Nili-Ravi Buffalo Male
by Rehman Khan, A | Dr. Nisar ahmed mian | Dr. Jaweed ahmad qureshi | Dr. Muhammad.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: The buffalo is an important animal in the agriculture economy of our country and the most useful animal for many millions of poor people, especially those living in Asia.
So far, no definite studies with regard to the nutritional requirements of the buffalo at various stages of growth and production (meat and milk) have been conducted. The feeding of buffalo in the sub-continent is based on various cereals and cash crops and are generally subjected to various nutritional imbalances, as a result, the genetic potential with regard to growth and production (meat and milk) of buffalo is not fully exploited.
Thus there is a desperate need for determining the specific feeding requirements of the indigenous dairy buffalo. For the purpose digestibility and metabolic studies for various nutritional needs for growth, fattening and production are to be conducted. Thus the present study was designed to study the effect of different plans of nutrition on growth, efficiency of feed utilization and nutrients digestibility in Nili-Ravi buffalo male calves.
Twenty-seven buffalo male calves of 9-12 months of age were randomly divided into nine groups. Three different levels of protein and metabolizable energy (80, 100 and 120% of NRC, 1976 Standards for beef cattle) were incorporated in the nine experimental rations.
After the trial of 140 days, the buffalo male calves gained weight 102.67, 110.64, 90.33, 36.00, 73.33, 127,34, 98.67, 82.34 and 110.34 Kgs. in groups 1-9, respectively. Maximum growth was recorded in group 6 [CP 100% and ME 120% of NRC (1976) Standards for beef cattle). Weight gain was non-significant due to varying levels of protein in the rations while weight gain was significant (P<0.05) due to varying levels of energy in the rations. Maximum growth rate of 909 gms. per day in group 6 (CP 100% and ME 120%) was recorded. The regression equation for weight gain with the relation to protein and energy intake was as follows: Weight gain (WG) = -297.28 + .425 (Pr) ± 63.67 (En)
The feed consumption decreased with the increase of protein level in the rations while feed consumption increased with the increase of ME level in the ration but the effect was statistically non-significant.
Maximum feed was consumed in group 6 (CP 100% and ME 120%). It was observed from the study that dietary protein had significant effect on feed efficiency and it was improved with the increase of dietary protein in the ration. Feed efficiency also improved significantly with the increase of energy in the rations. It was noted from the study that the dry matter intake reduced with the increase of dietary protein but dry matter intake increased with the increase of ME level in the ration. The effect was statistically non-significant. Protein intake was significantly increased with increase of protein level while ME level in the ration had non-significant effect. ME intake was non-significant with the increase of protein level but it was significantly increased with the increase of ME level in the ration.
The digestibility of crude protein and ether extract increased with the increase of protein and energy level in the rations but the differences were nonsignificant. The digestibility of dry matter was increased at varying levels of protein and energy but the differences were significant (P<0.0l). The digestibility of NFE and crude fibre were also increased at varying levels of energy significantly (P<0.01) but these were low at 100% protein level than 80 and 120% protein level. It was observed that the digestibility of all the nutrients increased at high plan of nutrition (protein and energy).
It was concluded that protein requirements of buffalo male calves were the same as recommended for beef cattle NRC (1976) but metabolizable energy requirements were 20% higher than the recommended level for beef cattle, NRC (1976)
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0348,T] (1).
14.
Comparative Study On Ordinary Alum Precipitated And Special Alum Precipitated H.S Vaccine By Dense
by Sajjad Hussain | Dr. Ata-ur-rehman rizvi | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0351,T] (1).
15.
Factors Affecting Haemagglutination Activity Of Newcastle Disease Virus
by Monem Rizvi, Syed | Dr. Muhammad Akram Munir | Dr. Mian Mubasher Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: While standardizing various components of haemagglutination (HA) test optimum results were obtained using phosphate buffer saline (PBS) as a diluent, 0.5 per cent red blood cells suspended in PBS as indicator, and by incubating the microtitration plates at 4C. While best Haemagglutination-Inhibition (HI) titers were obtained by using 4 HA Units of antigen and 60 minutes incubation period (time given for antigen-serum reaction). The HI test did not detect maternal antibodies in the serum of birds after 4 week of age. Initial vaccination of chicks at 7 days of age followed by a booster dose at 21 days of age, elicited a good immune response and protected the broilers against virulent NDV challenge at 49 days of age. Administration of a single dose of NDV vaccine at 7 day of age or three NDV vaccine doses, one for priming at 7 days of age, second for first boosting at 21 days of age and third as a second booster dose at 35 days of age were not recommended, as in first case the immunity was short lived and in second case birds were exposed to unnecessary stress.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0353,T] (1).
16.
Sero-Epidemiological Study Of Brucellosis And Leptospirosis In Cattle And Buffaloes
by Arshad, M | Dr. Muhammad Akram Munir | Dr. Mohammad Naeem | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Serum samples were coil collected from 400 buffaloes & 400 cattle maintained at Livestock Production Research Institute Bahadurr.aqar Okara The serum samples were subjected to serological test to detect the presence of antibodies against brucellae and leptospirae..
An over all 7.75 percent animals were found to harbour the antibrucella antibodies. The incidence by R8PT was 5.75 percent & 6,5 percent in cattle and buffaloes respectively whereas 7.0 percent and 8.5 percent samples were found positive to brucellae in cattle and buffaloes respectively by SAT.
The incidence of leptospirosis in cattle and buffaloes was recorded to he 9.75 percent and 10.0 percent respectively with an over all incidence of 9.38 percent.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0354,T] (1).
17.
Serodiagnosis Of Ovine Hydatidosis
by Javaid, M | Dr. Asif Rabbani | Dr. Mubasher Saeed Mian | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: A study was under taken to find out the incidence of hydatidosis and to evaluate the efficacy of indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test for the confirmation of natural hydatidosis in sheep slaughtered at Lahore municipal abattoir.
Blood samples from 200 sheep (50 each from hydatidosis affected and free sheep on the basis of postmortem findings and 100 blood samples Elected randomly without considering postmortem finding). The serum from each sample was separated, properly labelled and stored at -20°C.
For the preparation of antigen, crude cyst fluid was aspirated aseptically from hydatid cysts. Blood from healthy sheep was collected in 3.8% sodium citrate solution and red blood cells were separated by centrifugation. A 2.5% red cell suspension was prepared in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS). The sheep erythrocytes were sensitized by Hydatid fluid antigen. Optimal dilution of antigen 1:16 was used in Phosphate Buffered Saline (p11 6.4) for sensitizing the sheep erythrocytes. All the sera were inactivated at 56°C for half an hour and serial two f1d serum dilutions were prepared by micropipettes in microtitre U plates and sensitized erythrocytes were added to the plates and incubated at room temperature in a humid chamber for 3 hours. A titre of 1:32 and above was considered as positive. In positive reactions, the cells agglutinated like a carpet at the bottom of the wells where as in negative cases the cells settled as a compact mass in the centre of the wells. By the indirect haemagglutination test Ninety-two percent sheep were found positive for hydatidosis. (Table-4.2). Out of 50 serum samples (Group A2), 46 (92%) were confirmed positive on postmortem while 3 out of 50 (6%) hydatid free samples (Group A3), gave false positive results with IHA test.
It was concluded that indirect haemagglutination test is an accurate, reliable and sensitive test (92%) for the diagnosis of hydatidosis in sheep.
The blood cell counts (TLC, DLC) and blood chemistry (Total protein, A/G ratio) of the samples under investigation were also carried out. From the results it was evident that the hydatid cysts did not affect the blood values of the host significantly. However, only 28% of hydatid positive animals showed eosinophilia ranging from 7 to 23% which was non pathognomonic.
It was thus inferred that blood cell counts and blood c1vmistry of the hydatid cyst patients was of no diagnostic value.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0359,T] (1).
18.
The Incidence And Pathology Of Neoplasms Of Buffaloes In Sargodha District
by Khalid Bashir | Dr. Shakeel Akhtar Khan | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Shahzada Khurram Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: One hundred and forty tissue specimens (suspected neoplasms) were obtained from buffaloes in District Sargodha. These specimens were examined macro and microscopically. It was found that 37 neoplasms were benign and 63 neoplasms were malignant. The benign connective tissue tumours accounted for fibroma (12), melanoma (5). Benign epithelial tumour included papillorna (20). The malignant connective tissue tumour was sarcoma lympho(20) and the malignant epithelial tumour included ocular squamous cell carcinoma (35), horn cancer (6) and Adeno-carcinoma (2).
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0361,T] (1).
19.
Comparative Study Of Oral And Parenteral Therapies Of Experimentally Induced Spirochaetosis In Broiler Chicken
by Shaif abdo Salem | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad Ather Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: With rapid progress in commercial poultry farming the need to control poultry diseases, spirochaetosis is responsible for heavy economic losses with a mortalitry rate of 60 to 80 percent. (Mc Neil 1949).The disease is caused by Borrelia anserina and is of worldwide in distributed,whereever the tick Argas Percicus, which acts as the intermediate host is present.
This disease has characteristic symptoms of pyrexia, weakness,drowziness, anaemia, diarrhea, emaciation,paralysis, and finally death (Marcos et al 1946) The bfrdswhich survive remain weak,ariaemic, emaciated, and do not thrive well.This disease is of great economic importance in the poultry industry and it causes great financial ioss.It is therefore,inspective that an effective and economical treatment be devised to eradicate this problem.
This experiment.was conducted on 120 A grade day old chicks,which were reared under ideal hygienic condition.At the age of four weeeks the birds were divided into six equal groups, A, B, C, D, E and F with 20 bires in each respective group:
Group A (Non-infected , non-medicated
B (Infected and non-medicated)
C (Infected and medicated with Pencillin)
G (parenterally)
D (Infected and medicated with oxytetracyclin parenterally)
E (Infected and medicated with oxytetracyclin orally)
F (Infected and medicated with Amoxyclin Clomaxal orally)
Except for group A which was the control, all the remaining five groups showed the typical signs of the disease after 48 hours of in oculatiori.
In Group 13, the mortality rate was 40% ,Group C had a 20% mortality rate at 96 hours.Cure was l0O%.Group D had a 25% mortality and 100% cure at 96 hours post inoculation.Group E had a 30% mortality rate which was the highest of all the groups and curative rate 80%.The Group F had a 15% mortality which was the lowest record in all the six groups.It had 100% cuire at 96 hours.
From the results of this experiment it could be concluded that the 1\moxycillin (Clomoxal) was drug of choice. Penicillin G and Oxytetracycline (Terramycin orally ) showed the poorest results.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0364,T] (1).
20.
Study On Fasciioliasis With Estimation Of Haemoglobin & Total Serum Proteins In Camels Brought To Lahore Abbatoir
by Maj. Naeem Ahmed Janjua | Dr. muhammad Sarwar Arkhan | Dr. Ch | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: The present study was conducted to find out the prevalence of fascioliasis in different age groups of camels and to estimate the haemoglobin concentration and total serum protein levels in positive cases and also equal number of negative cases. For this purpose study was carried out on 512 camels of different age groups (calve, young and adult) brought to Lahore Abattoir for slaughtering during a period between May to July 1993.
The investigations revealed that out of 512 camels, .50 (9.76%) were positive for fascioliasis. It was observed that infection rate was higher in adult ( 10.68%) than in young (8.98%) and calf camels (7.27%). The study also indicated that the prevalence qf fascioliasis in months of May June and July was 9.20%, 10.55% and 9.46% respectively.
The present investigations reveled that an average haemoglobin concentration was 7.5 g/100 ml with a range of 4.1 - 10.3 g/100 ml (Table 8) and total serum protein level on average was 7.6 g/100 ml of positive camels with a range of 5.1 - 9.6 (Table 7).
The negative blood samples of 50 camels were also examined for the estimation of haemoglobin concentration and total serum protein levels. The mean values of haemoglobin concentration indicated by the studies was 13.1 g/100 ml ranging between 12.2 - 14.1 g/100 ml (Table 12 and 13). Total serum protein mean value revealed by the study was 6.7 g/100 ml and it ranged between 6.2 - 7.4 g/100 ml (Table 14 and 15).
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0367,T] (1).
21.
A Comparative Study Of Lungworms In Sheep & Goats & The Effect Of Mixed Namatode Infection On Certain Blood Parameters
by Irshad Ahmed Sherazi | Dr. Sh,. Asif Rabbani | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad Afzal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: The present study was conducted to find out the incidence of lungworm infestation, identify the different species and to observe the effect of mixed nematode infections on certain blood parameters in sheep and goats. The study was conducted at Parasitology Laboratory, College of Vety. Sciences Lahore. For this purpose sheep & goats brought to Lahore abattoirs for slaughtering were closely examined before and after slaughter and animals suspected for lungworms were selected for collection of blood and tissue samples. 200 samples of lungs and blood 100 each from sheep and goats were collected for parasitological and haematolog ical examination, respectively.
The results revealed that incidence of lungworms infestation in sheep and goats was 31 and 11 %, respectively. It was observed that Dictyocaulus filaria, Protostrongylus rufescence and Muellerius capillaris infection in lung of sheep was in the order of 22, 8, and 1 % respectively, whereas, the incidence of lungworms infestation in lungs of goats caused by the same species was 8, 3 and 0 %, respectively.
The highest incidence of lungworms infection observed was that of Dictyocaulus filaria in both the sheep and goats, while Muellerius capillaris was found only in lungs of one sheep and infection by this species could not be detected in goats.
The findings of this study showed that average red blood cell count, heamoglobin level and packed cell volume were reduced due to nematode infection in sheep and goats. The results have also indicated that nematode infection in sheep and goats enhanced erythrocyte sedimentation rate. From the results of the present study, it may be concluded that incidence of lungworm infestation in sheep and goats is on the higher side which warrants that suitable treatment and control measures should be adopted to safeguard our valuable livestock from this serious infection. It is also evident from the results that nematode infection adversly affects the components of blood in sheep and goats which may lead to anaemia and loss of growth and production.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0371,T] (1).
22.
Effect Of Experimentally Induced Coccidiosis On Some Blood Parameters And Its Treatment With Embazin & Coxistac In Quails
by Anwaar Hussain, Syed | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Asif | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: This project was designed to study the effects of experimentally induced coccidisis on some blood parameters and its treatment with Embazin and coxistac in Quails. For this purpose 300 day old quail chicks were obtained from a local hactchery and raised under standard, controlled coccidia free conditions. A commercial coccidiostat free feed was provide. At the age of 21 days. birds were divided into 4 groups comprising 60 birds each and shifted from brooder into a multistorey cage and grouped as tinder:Group A (60 quails) Infected and medicated with Embazin.
Group B (60 quails) Infected and medicated with Coxistac.
Group C (60 quails) Infected and non-medicated.
Group D (60 quails) Non-infected-Non-medicated.
Birds of group A, B and C were infected with 1 ml of coccidial inoculum having 50,000 sporulated oocysts given directly into crop. Group D was kept as control group. On fourth day post infection birds of all infected groups showed disease symptoms and at that time groups A and B was medicated with Embazin and Coxistac respectively. Four samples of blood and faeces were collected from each group on zero day, 5th day and 9th day of medication. In groups A and B Haemoglobin and Total Erythrocytic Count was lowered on 5th day and then increased on 9th day of medication oocyst count was Nil on 9th day of medication in group A and 92.30% reduction percentage was there is in group B. Haemoglobin and Total Erythrocytic Count decreased in group C upto 9th day ofmedication but oocyst count increased in this group. Increase percentage was 7.14% on 5th day and 14.28% on 9th day of medication. In group D Haemoglobin andTotal Erythrocytic Count remained almost constant and oocyst count was found Nil throughout the experimental period.
The best feed conversion Ratio of 3 was recorded in group D whereas group "C" which was infected but not treated showed worst feed conversion ratio i.e. 4. Group A & B revealed intermediate F.C.R. of 3.6 and 3.8 respectively.
Hishest mortality of 33.33% was recorded in group C, 13% in group B and 11.66% in group A. In group D mortality was Nil. From the findings of study it was concluded that Embazin was drug of choice for the treatment of coccidiosis in quails.
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23.
Studies On Contribution Of Sheep & Goats In The Epidemiology Of Haemorrhagic Septicaemia
by Masood Anjum | Dr. Muhammad Amin Sheikh | Dr. Haji Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: A total of 500 animals (sheep 250, goat 250), of both sexes and different age groups were examined for harbouring Pasteurella multocida in their respiratory tracts. The samples from live animals were collected by sterile cotton swabs, gently passed in their nasal cavity. The slaughtered animal's laryngotracheal region were directly approached for collection of samples. Lungs showing pathological lesions were collected from fifty animals each of both species. Tryptic soya broth was used for primary isolation of organism.
Only one goat yielded Pasteurella multocida which proved highly virulent both for rabbits and mice. The isolate fermented glucose, fructose, mannose, mannitol, sorbitol and saccharose producing acid only. A negative reaction was observed for arabinose, dulcitol, maltose, lactose, raffinose and salacin. The organism was positive for catalase, oxidase, indole production, nitrate reduction and hydrogen sulphide production tests. It gave a negative reaction for methyl red, voges proskauer, urease activity and gelatin liquefaction tests. The organism was found non-motile in hanging drop preparation.
The organism was highly sensitive to ampiclox, cefazolin and velosef, moderately sensitive to cephalexin, slightly sensitive to tobramycin, cloxacillin and resistant to lincocin, erythrocin, amoxydillin, doxycillin and sulpha-methaxazol trimethoprim.
Amongst the various disinfectants tested, the organism showed maximum susceptibility to sanitizer and poulphene, moderate sensitivity to saniguard and sanitec and resistance to phenyl, sanitol and phenol.
The organism in infected faecal matter maintained its viability for 9 days in shady place, sunlight and at room temperature. At a controlled temperature of 32°C. with 75-80% humidity, the organism remained alive for 10 days.
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24.
Efficacy Of Triclabendazole Against Fascioliasis In Sheep And Goat Under The Field Conditions
by Haleem Hasan, Shah | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Haji Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0374,T] (1).
25.
Comparative Efficacy Of Nitrofurans, Sulphadimidine & Monensin Against Coccidiosis In Sheep & Goats Under Field Conditions
by Anselm Lewis, Khokhar | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Haji Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: The present work was designed to study the comparative efficacy of Nitrosol, Suiphadimidine and Monensin against naturally infected sheep and goats with coccidiosis. Forty sheep and forty goats (infected) were selected and divided into four groups each i.e. S1, 2, S3, 84 and G, 02, G, 04 respectively. The animals of groups S and were treated with nitrosol 15 mg/kg body weight, S2 and 02 with sulphadimidine 140 mg/kg body weight, S3 and G with monensin 5 mg/kg body weight daily for five days. The sheep and goats in groups S4 and G4 were not medicated and served as control. The oocyst count per gram of faeces were compared on the 7th, 15th and 21st day of post medication.
The oocyst count was reduced in groups S, S2, and S3 by 95.79%, 99.53% and 85.81% and in groups 1, G by 95.97%, 99.60% and 85.01%. The oocyst count in infected untreated control groups S4 and 04 increased.
All the three anticoccidials tested gave appreciable response in reduction of oocyst counts but suiphadimidine was found to be the best amongst the three drugs. Nitrosol proved to be the 2nd whereas monensin proved to be the third in efficacy against coccidiosis in sheep and goats. No side affects of these drugs were observed) it is suggested that further research should be planned to test the efficacy of other anticoccidial drugs like lasalocid, amprolium colpidol, robenidine coxistac etc. under local conditions to select new drugs against coccidiosis in sheep and goats.
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26.
A Profile Of Serum Albumin, Globulin Ratio, Total And Differential Leukocytic Count In 6-10 Months Old Buffalo Calves
by Khalid Hameed, Chughtai | Dr. M. Athar Khan | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: One hundred arid fifty samples of each coagulated and non- coagulated blood were collected from buffalo calves (100 healthy and 50 diseased buffalo calves) of 6 to 10 months of age
The samples were analysed for total serum protein, serum albumin, serum globulin and total leuckocytic count by applying Biuret method with commercial kit (Proti) using a spectrophotorneter, and standard techninques of Cole for total leuckocytic count.
The mean total serum protein values for healthy buffalo calves of 6 to 10 months of age were observed between 5.4 19 to 7.468 g/dl. A gradual increase in totalserum protein levels was observed with an increase of age. The total serum protein values for diseased buffalo calves varied as compared to healthy calves. A decrease in mean total serum protein levels. (6.189) was associated with malnutrition, diarrhoea, fever and Fasciollosis as compared to the mean total serum protein levels in healthy calves (6.404). An increase in total serum protein level (5.793 g/dl and 7.576 g/dl) were observed during 6th and 10th month of age as compared to healthy calves (5.419 g/dl and 7.468 g/dl). This increase was due to dehydration.
A gradual increase in mean serum Albumin levels 2.458 to 3.449 g/dl was observed in healthy buffalo calves of 6 to 10 months of age. A significant (P < 0.05) difference in serum albumin values was observed in all age groups both in healthy and diseased buffalo calves. A decrease in serum albumin levels (2.516) was observed In calves suffering from malnutrition, diarrhoea, fever and fasciollosis.
The mean serum globulin levels observed in healthy buffalo calves of 6-10 months of age was observed between 3.218 to 4.144 g/dl. These serum globulin levels showed a gradual increase with increase in age of buffalo calves. An increase in serum globulin level (3.898) was observed in diseased buffalo calves as compared to healthy calves in all age groups. The diseased calves were saffertig from malnutrition, diarrhoea, fever and fasciollosis. A significant (P <0.05) difference in serum globulin values was observed in age group of 6th month of age in healthy and diseased buffalo calves whereas in all other groups it was non-significant. The mean total leukocytic count hveIs observed in healthy buffalo calves of 6 to 10 months of age ranged between 8.765 to 9.655x103 microliter. A gradual increase iii mean total leukocytic count (9.26) x 103 microlitre was observed with an increase of age in healthy buffalo calves of 6 to 10 months of age. An increase in total leukocytic count level (10.966) was observed in diseased buffalo calves as compared to healthy calves in all age groups. A significant (P <0.05) increase in total leukocytic count was observed in calves suffering from diarrhoea, fever and fasciollosis.
From the above mentioned facts it was concluded that these blood parameters are important tools in investigation/diagnosis of many diseases. These parameters enable us to understand and compare the leveI of humoral and cellular defensive components in a natural farm co idition in buffalo calves of 6 to 10 months of age.
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27.
Efficacy Of Ivermectin (Ivomec) Against Mange Mites And Warbles In Goats
by Saleem Qasur | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0380,T] (1).
28.
Experimental Induction Of Coccidiosis In Broiler Chicks With Eimeria Tenella And Comparative Efficacy Of Different
by Noora Jan Issot | Dr. Hajid Ahmad Hashmi | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad Afzal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: The study was designed to look into the immunogenic properties of Eimeria tenella. Two hundred and twenty five day old broiler chickens were reared under controlled conditions. They were equally divided into five groups i.e. A, B, C, D, and E. Group 'A' was kept as uninfected control. Group 'B' acted as infected control, which was infected with 50,000 sporulated oocysts at day 15, 25 and 35 of age. Group 'C' acted as infected and treated, which received sporulated oocysts on day 15, 25 and 35 alongwith 5 days treatment with salinomycine (60 ppm in finished feed) after 3 days of each primary and challenge dose. To group 'D' 1000 live sporulated oocysts were administered orally at day 3 and 10. Similarly, 'E' group received formalin treated 1000 sporulated oocysts orally at day 3 and 10 of age of chickens. Subsequently the members of group D and E received challenge infections of 50,000 Eimeria tenella sporulated oocysts at day 15, 25 and 35.
Immunogenicity was measured by the passage of oocysts per gm of faeces and by comparative weight gains amongst different groups. It was noticed that no coccidiosis could be established in groups A, C and E and the OPG counts remained nil throughout the period of experimnt. Group B showed high counts and group 'D' showed moderate ounts but towards the completion of experiment the OPG counts gradually reduced to 8400 and 6100 respectively, in both group.
Weight gains recorded were 473, 393, 316 and 310 gin. greater in A, E, D, and C respectively, as compared with group B. Group E depicted 1OC% protection and remained second to the uninfected control group A in respect of weight gains. Group 'D', although developed infection but due to acquired immunity became resistant to challenge infections and was placed 3rd in weight gain. Inspite of complete protection in group C due to Salinomycine treatment, the weight gains remained lower than group D and E.
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29.
Serosurveilance Of A Disease Complex In Commercial Broilers
by Hassan Rizvi, Syed | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad Sheikh Amin | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: In this study 400 samples of blood obtained from different farms situated around Jaranwala, an important broiler raising area of Punjab, were examined serologically. The Newcastle disease virus titer in most cases were low and non protective against exposure to field strain. The birds had antibodies against pathogens such as Infectious bronchitis virus and Infectious bursal disease virus to which they had not received vaccine indicating the presence of field strain of these viruses in the area. Some of the birds at these farms had antibodies against Hycoplasma galliseplicum, Mycoplasnia svnoviae and Salmonella gallinarum. Poor hygienic conditions coupled with poor ventilation may lead to the rapid dissemination of these pathogens within a community of birds and cause severe economic problems.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0382,T] (1).
30.
Antiseperim Antibodies: A Plausible Cause Of Repeat Breeding In Nili-Ravi Buffaloes
by Amir Saeed, M | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aleem Bhatti | Prof. Dr. Rashid Ahmad Chaudhary | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: The present study was designed with the assumption that high titres of antisperm antibodies in repeat breeders might be a contributing factor for conception failure in such animals. For this purpose, 32 buffaloes/buffalo heifers were divided into four equal groups. From the normal cyclic and repeat breeder buffaloes, 48 serum samples were collected at 0, 1, and 24 hours after insemination, respectively. Oestrus mucus was also collected from these animals. A total of 16 serum samples were collected from virgin heifers and pregnant buffaloes. The serum and mucus samples were subjected to simple agglutination test, sperm quantitative penetration test and sperm cervical mucus contact test. High antibody titres were recorded in the serum and oestrus mucus of repeat breeders. Moreover, it was observed that lesser number of spermatozoa penetrated through a definite distance in cervical mucus of repeat breeder buffaloes as compared to cervical mucus of normal cyclic animals. Similarly higher number of spermatozoa exhibited shaking movement over a period of time in cervical mucus of repeat breeders, which indicates the presence of spermagglutinins.
Thus, it can be concluded that antisperm antibodies may be responsible for conception failure in repeat breeder buffaloes.
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31.
Comparative Ealuation Of Melia Azadarch Linn (Neem) For Control Of Coccidiosis In Poultry (Broiler)
by Fouzia Iqbal | Dr. Muhammad Sabir | Dr. Mubasher | Dr. Muhammad Arshad Qureshi.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: A study was conducted to evaluate the anti-coccidial activity of Melia azadarch Linn (Neem) , an indigenous plant drug in comparison to synthetic coccicliostats (Esb3) in broilers.
The Meli azadarch Linn (Neem) seed was tried in powder, aquous extract and methanolic extract for anti-coccidial activity in broilers. The birds were artificial infected with coccidial oocyst at the age of 30 days. After 5 days of infection the oocyst counting was carried out in the droppings of the birds. When evidence of coccidiosis outbreak in the infected birds was established than the drug was administered to different groups of the broilers. The group A was kept as control, group B, C & D were administered Powder Melia azadarch Linn (Neem) 10, 20 & 30 mg/Kg body weight respectively and group F was given Esb3, to compare the effect of this plant drug. Similarly aquous extract and Methanolic extract was administered equivalent to 10, 20 & 30 mg/Kg B.W. of Melia azadaich Linn (Neem) to respective group. The OPG (oocyst per gram) was examined after 3, 10 & 15 days after the drug administration. It was observed that OPG (oocyst per gram) was decreased to 0.59%, 0.78% and 0.58% at the dose rate of 10, 20 and 30 mg/Kg 13.W. respectively after 3 clays of treatment with Melia azadarch Linn Powder. Whereas it was reduced to 82.79% in group E treated with Esb3. After 10 days of treatment OPG was decreased to 50.17% and 96.55% in groups B, C, D & E respectively at the dose rate oF 10, 20 & 30 mg/Kg [3.W. in case of Melia azadarch Linn (Powder) and lsb1. After 15 days OPG was decreased to 97.94%, 97.08%, 97.87 and 98.60% in group B, C, D & E respectively in case of Melia azadarch Linn (Powder) at the dose rate of 10, 20 and 30 mg/Kg 13.W. and Esb3. at dose rate of 1g/liter.
In case of Melia azadarch Linn (Neern) (Water extract) OPG reduction after 3 days of treatment was 4.46%, 3,93% and
3.67% in groups B, C and 1). While OPG reduction in case of group E was 83.82%.
After 10 days of post treatment OPG counting was 5 1.33%, 51.18%, 51,10% and 96.76 in groups 13, C, 1) and E respectively. In case of OPG counting after 15 days reduction was 90.62%, 86.61%, 79.77% and 98.30% in groups 13, C, I) and l respectively. Dose rate of group B, C, & 1) is equivalent to 10, 20 & 30 mglKg B.W. and group E ig/liter i.e. Esb3:,.
In case of group treated with Melia azaclarch Linn (Neem) (methanolic extract, OPG reduction after 3 days of treatment was 0.59%, 0.78%, 0.58% and 82.79% in groups B, C, D & E respectively. In case OPG counting after 10 days of treatment was 50.17%, 50.23%, 50.17% and 96.55% in groups B, C, D & E respectively. While OPG counting after 15 clays of treatment was 97.94%, 97.08%, 97.87% and 98.60% in groups B, C, D & E. Dose rate of group B, C, D was equivalent to dose rate of 10, 20 and 30mg/kg .B.W. & group E was t ieated with I1sb at dose rate of ig/liter.
It is concluded that. Melia azadarch Linn (Neem ) is equally effective against coccidiosis in powder, aquous and methanolic extract. Although it took longer to produce similar effect as Esb3 but it is quite comparable with the results shown by 1sb. In addition the Melia azadarch linn (Neem). in either from did not show any adverse effect on the growth rate of the broilers. Any how this plant material can be used as prophylactic measures or to treat the outbreak of coccidiosis. Certainly there is a need for investigation to make this drug more efficacious.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0384,T] (1).
32.
A Study On The Chemotherapy And Taxonomy Of Mange Mites In Ovine And Its Effect On Different Blood Parameters
by Rafique Rana, M | Dr. Muhammad Afzal | Dr. Mubasher Saeed Mian | Prof. Dr. SAghir | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: A study was carried out to find out the taxonomy, chemotherapy of mange mites in sheep and its effect on different blood parameters. A total of 30 flocks comprising of fifteen hundred sheep of different age and sexes were examined in the city and villages around Lahore. Out of above mentioned animals 200 suspected sheep were thoroughly examined and 30 (15%) were found positive for mange mites infestation. Species of three genera namely Sarcoptes, Psoroptes and Chorioptes were found infesting these animals.
The average number of mites recovered from the species of each genera were recorded as 851, 825 and 815 for Psoroptes, Sarcoptes and Chorioptes respectively. For the identification of different species of mange mites microscopic examination was carried out and mites were first seen under low power and then high power of magnification. The slides were mounted with mites and then examined to study their morphological characteristics.
The three genera identified were Sarcoptes, Psoroptes and Chorioptes in sheep.
Chemotherapeutic trials were carried out in suspected sheep by using two concentrations of neguvon solution i.e. 0.10% and 0.15% at ten days intervals. For this purpose sheep were divided into three groups. Group A was treated with 0.10% solution of neguvon, group B with 0.15% solution of neguvon and group C was kept as untreated control group. The data obtained on reduction of mites due to acaricide application were subjected to statistical analysis by applying completely randomized design and results were recorded. It was noticed that 0.15% neguvon was highly effective against mange mites infestation when it was replied twice after ten days interval.
The effect of mange mites on different blood parameters was also recorded. For this purpose sheep were divided into three groups. Group I comprised of clinically infested sheep, group II subclinically infested sheep and group C included healthy sheep which was kept as control for the comparison. The effect of mange mites on different blood parameters of two infested groups of sheep i.e. I and II was recorded before and after two applications of 0.10% and 0.15% neguvon solution at ten days interval and results were compared with group C for comparison.
The findings of this study indicated that the infestation of mange mites is a quite common problem in sheep population of this area. The sheep suffering from mange mites exhibit poor feed intake, severe irritation, scratching, bleeding, loss of wool, low body growth, reduced production and damaged skin. Such infested sheep are also susceptible to various viral and bacterial diseases which makes sheep production uneconomical and put extra burden on the sheep breeders.
Keeping all this in view suitable and prompt measures should be taken for early diagnosis and treatment of the infested animals. This will result not only for the control of the disease, but also help to improve the economical condition of the owners. It will also increase the gross national product of Pakistan.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0386,T] (1).
33.
A Study On The Taxonomy Of Sheep Cestodes And The Efficacy Of Albendazole And Miclosamide Against Natural Infections
by Ashraf, M | Dr. Asif Rabbani | Dr. Mubashar Saeed Mian | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: Pakistan has a large population of live stock, which plays an important role in the economy of the country. Parasitism adversally effects the growth and production of livestock. Great economic losses have been attributed to the sheep population in our country due to the parasitic infections including cestodes. A study of cestodal infections with taxonomy of the prevalent cestoctes species affecting sheep at different age groups in and around Lahore was conducted. The taxonomical study was conducted in the month of August, September and October, 1993. For this purpose 200 guts (one hurtdered each from below six month and above six month of sheep) were collected from Lahore Abattoir. Parasites were identitied under the microscope by preparing permanent mounts.
The over all incidence of cestodes infection in sheep was 65.5%.
The species of various genera of cestodes observed during the present
study were:
Moniezia pansa (64%), Moniezia benedeni (60%), Avitellina cjj[iur1ctta
(49.50%), Avitellina lahorea (40%), Avitellina sudanea (30%), Stilesia vittata
(30%), Stilesia globiounctata (50%) and Thvsanosoma actinioides (6%).
Monthwise prevalence of cestodes infection was also carried out and it was observed that the highest infection rate was (76%) during the month of August and (66.25%) during the month of September. While the lowest incidence was recorded as (57.14%) during the month of october, 1993.
The taxonomy of the prevalent cestode species was carried out. The effect of age of the animals on the intensity of cestodal infection was also studied. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of cestode infections among the two groups.
The present work was also aimed to verify the efficacy of two commonly available anthelmintics namely albendazole (valbazen) and niclosarnide (mansonil), in naturally infected stceep with Gastrointestinal cestocJes. Fifty sheep positive for cestods infections were randomly divided into two groups A and B, each group comprising of 25 animals. Group. A was given albendazole (valbazen) at a dose rate of 2.5 mg/kg body weight orally while the group B was administered niclosamide (mansonil) at a dose rate of 100 mg/kg body weight orally. The efficacy of both the drugs was evaluated on the bases of reduction of segments and number of eggs per gram of faeces after medication. The egg counts were made on zero, 3rd and 21st day. Both the drugs revealed a progressive decrease in the faccal egg/segment counts. The efficacy of albenclazole on 3rd and 21st day was 96.02 and 99.23% repectively while the efficacy of niclosamide (mansonil) was 100% on 3rd and 21st day.
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34.
Effect Of Vitamin E Deficiency And Excess On Immune System Of Broiler Chickens
by Fauzia Kaukab Bashir | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Shahzada Khurram Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: This study was carried out to investigate whether different dietary levels of vitamin E (recommended, deficient and excess) had any detrimental or beneificial effect on body weight gain, lymphoid organs, haemalotogical values, humoral response to NDV-vacci nation, eel I ular response to tuberculin and phagocytic activity of neutrophils of broiler chickens.
The study indicated that vitamin E supplementation 300 lU/Kg feed had beneficial effects on the weight gain of birds, weight of lymphoid organs such as bursa of fabricius, spleen, thymus and liver; feed intake and feed conversion ratio; serum antibody development against NDV vaccination; phagocytic index and delayed hypersensitivity index. Whereas, vitamin E deficiency adversely affects the body weight gain; weights of lymphoid organs such as bursa of fabricius, spleen, thymus and liver; feed intake and feed conversion ratio, serum antibody development NDV vaccination; Phagocytic index and delayed hypersensitivity index.
No significant effect of vitamin E supplementation/deficiecy was noted on haematological values.
From the results of this study it is concluded that vitamin E is not an immunosuppressive agent when used at recommended leavels or even in excess. Vitamin E deficient level in diet lowersthe immunocompetance of broiler chicken, whereas vitamin E excess level in diet improved immune responses and body weight gain.
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35.
An Epidemiological & Haematological Correlation Between Healthy & Tuberculous Indigenous Birds
by Azeem Ijaz | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Dr. Asif | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: A total of 250 desi birds, selected randomly, from different villages of district Lahore, were divided into two groups. The group-I composed of 125 apparently healthy birds whereas 125 apparently weak and emaciated birds were present in group-IT. Avian tuberculin test was employed to diagnose the tuberculosis. A 0.1 ml of avian tuberculin (MCSM) procured from VRI, Lahore, was injected into left wattle whereas right wattle was kept as uninjected control and test was read after 48 hours. Only 6 birds (2.4%), all belonged to group-IT, were found tuberculin positive. Haematological studies of these six tuberculin positive birds were carried out along with 10 healthy desi birds for comparison. There was decrease in erythrocytic count (EC), haemoglobin value (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV). The average values of EC, Hb and PCV of infected birds were 1.94x106/µ1, 8.86 g/dl and 22.69% respectively. On the other hand, leukocytic count (LC) was increased and found to be 37.33x10/il on average. A significant change in differential leukocytic count (DLC) was also observed with an increase in the proportion of polymorphs and monocytes and fall in lymphocytes. The lymphocyte to heterophils ratio was the inverse of that in healthy birds. On post-mortem, a large number of tubercles of varying size were noticed on liver, spleen and intestines. No birds showed lung lesion except one.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0389,T] (1).
36.
Bioavailability Of Gentamicin In Male Buffalo Calves
by Hasan Raza, S | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Prof. Dr. Saghir | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of Gentamicin sulphate were investigated in the same 20-male buffalo calves heal thy after intravenous administration and after intramuscular administration. The blood samples were collected at various time intervals following administration of single dose of 4 mg/kg. The concentrations of Gentamicin in serum samples were determined according to the microbiological assay described by Arret (1971). The plasma concentrations of gentarnicin at different time intervals after injections were plotted on semi-logarithmic graph paper. The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated according to the method described by Gibaldi (1984). Results were expressed as mean ± SD.
The peak concentration of 11.273 ± 0.4976 µg/ml reached in 31.092 ± 1.217 minutes after intramuscular injection. Keeping intravenous as standard the relative bioavailability after injection was 82.5%.
The half-life was 97.29 ± 5.259 minutes after I/v injection mean ± SD, volume of distribution was 202.36 ± 8.486 ml/kg/ The volume of distribution at steady stage (Vdss ) was 214.67 ± 20.99 ml/mm. The total body clearance of gentamicin was 1.7382 ± 0.0738 ml/kg.
Pharmacokinetics parameters of gentamicin were seemed to be independent of rout of administration at the dosage level applied.
The pharmacokinetics evaluation by compartmental method and non-compartmental method was not found significantly different.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0390,T] (1).
37.
Comparative Seroprevalence Of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea In Local And Exotic Cattle Breeds At Different Government
by Liaqat Ali Khan | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Dr. Syed Ata-ur-Rehman Rizvi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: The project was designed to find out the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhoea BVD virus antibodies in the sera of local and exotic cattle breeds, randomly selected from four different sources. For this purpose one thousand serum samples were collected and agar gel diffusion technique was used for the detection of antibodies against BVD.
The results of the study revealed that an overall 11.4% cattle population was having antibodies against BVD virus. The prevalence of the BVD in local breed was 14.4% while that of exotic breed was 8.4%. The prevalence rate of antibodies against BVDV was found higher in local cattle breeds as compared to exotic breeds. Various epidemiological factors were considered. Age of the animal was an important factor influencing the prevalence of disease. So regarding the age of the animal high prevalence rates were found in adult as compared to young animals. Maximum number of reactors were found in the adult age group.
The finding of the survey revealed a moderate exposure in cattle population. The occurrence of antibodies against BVD virus in apparently healthy unvaccinated animals was indicative for prevalence of the disease in the country. Therefore it is suggested that a complete survey should be carried out for this problem throughout the country and appropriate control measures for the disease.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0392,T] (1).
38.
A Study On The Effect Of Organo Phosphate Insecticide (Neguvon) On Immune Response In Broiler Chickens
by Shoaib Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Dr. Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: Neguvon, an Organophosphate insecticide at a dose of 50mg or 100mg per kg of feed for varrying period of time administered to the birds, interfered with the development of serum antibodies in vaccinated and challenged birds. Neguvon had adverse effects on weights of lymphoid organs such as bursa of fabricius, spleen and thymus. It decreased the live body weights gain and dressed eviserated weights of birds. Neguvon had not beneficial effects on serum antibodies development. It resulted in higher postchallenged mortality of medicated vaccinated birds as compared to vaccinated control birds. So Neguvon is immunosuppressive insecticide when fed at subtoxic dosage levels.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0400,T] (1).
39.
Improvement In The Nutritive Value Of Fibrous Crop By-Products By Urea Treatment
by Rafaqat Ali | Dr. Nisar Ahmed Mian | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Talat Naseer Pasha.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: Wheat straw and rice straw are two of the largest annually harvested crop by-products in Pakistan, and are commonly fed to buffaloes as well as cattle as a staple roughage source. These coarse roughages are essentially energy feeds in which the cell wall constituents may be as high as 80 percent of the total dry matter. However, productivity in ruminants given such straw diets is limited, primarily due to energy deficiency. Low digestibility and low nitrogen content of these roughages does not adequately satisfy microbial growth requirements, which are therefore major limiting factors responsible for poor efficiency of nutrient utilization.
In the present study, two fibrous crop by-products - wheat straw and rice straw, were treated with urea (as a source of ammonia), at 50 percent moisture level with or without added urease source at two different temperatures (220C and 390C) for three different periods (14, 21 and 28 days). Digestibilities of the treated and untreated feedstuffs were determined by in sacco technique. All the samples were chemically analysed for proximate as well as cell wall constituents before and after any treatment and after incubation in the rumen.
Increasing duration of urea-treatment invariably increased the crude protein content in all the treatments. At 28 days, difference between crude protein values of samples treated with urea alone or urea along with urease source was not statistically significant. Crude fiber contents of wheat and rice straw was inversely effected both by higher temperature and longer treatment period. Both mineral matter contents and ether extract values were not significantly effected by any of the treatment while NFE values were significantly reduced. Decrease in NDF and hemicellulose values after treatment was observed. Addition of urease hastened the process, though at 28 days, the difference between samples treated with or without the addition of urease was non-significant. Treatments increased the in sacco disappearance of DM, CF, CP, NDF, ADF and hemicellulose. Addition of urease and higher temprature increased the rate of change. Difference between urea treated and urea plus urease treatmed samples was relatively more marked in case of wheat straw than in rice straw, though in both the feedstuffs, it was non-significant at the end of treatment i.e., 28 days.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0401,T] (1).
40.
A Study On The Prevalence Of Mange In Camels And Its Effects On Some Blood Parameters During Winter Months
by Bashir Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Khalid | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: Camel is a versatile creature of the Nature. Its population in Pakistan is 9,58,047 heads. Its importance is obvious from the facilities which it provides to the mankind e.g. transportation and ploughing facilities, lifting of water and pulling of carts, provision of milk meat and earning of foreign exchange. But. on the other hand, camel is ignored in provision of better managernental facilities due to which it is facing many disease problems. Similarly, camel is also ignored by our scientists and a little research work has been done on camel in the world.
Keeping in view all these factors, this project was designed to see the prevalence of mange in camel. This study also include haematological changes in camel blood suffering from mange.
This study was conducted during winter months of the 1992 at Lahore abattoir. For the prevalence of mange, 150 camels suspected for mange were selected and their skin scrapings and blood was collected.
Skin scraping was examined with the help of microscope at Laboratory of Medicine Section, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore. During the study 19 camels out of 150 were found positive to mange and this is calculated as 12.66%.
Regarding the 2nd portion of the study, blood of 19 mange infected cases were analysed for total leukocytic count (TLC), differential leukocytic count (DLC) and erythrocytic sedimentation rate (ESR). At the same time blood of 19 mange free camels was also examined and it was found that due to mange infection, TLC values were increased. In case of DLC, Eiosinophils and lymphocytes showed increase in their number. ESR was also increased due to infection of mange in camels.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0403,T] (1).
41.
Prevalence Of Lungworm Infestation (Dictycaulus Spp.) And Its Effect On Some Blood Parameters Of Camels During Months Of October December.
by Aslam, M | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Asif | Dr. Khalid Pervaiz | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: Camel is a versatile creature of the nature. Its population in Pakistan is 9,58,047 heads. Its importance is obvious from the facilities which it provides to the mankind e.g. transportation and ploughing facilities, lifting of water and pulling of carts, provision of milk meat and earning of foreign exchange. But on the other hand, camel is ignored in provision of better managemental facilities due to which it is facing many disease problems. Similarly, camel is also ignored by our scientists and a little research work has been done on camel in the world.
Keeping in view all these factors, this project was designed to see the prevalence of lungworm infection in camel. This study also included haematological changes in camel blood suffering from lungworm infection.
This study was conducted during the months of OctoberDecember, 1993 at Lahore abattoir. For the prevalence of lungworm infection, 150 camels suspected for lungworm infection
were selected and their faecal and blood samples were collected.
Regarding the prevalence of lungworm infection through faecal examination the results of present investigation show that occurrence of lungworm infection in camels is 6.00%, i.e. 9 camels out of 150 suspected were found positive.
The mean values of haematological examination were observed i.e. Total leukocytic count (31.62 thousand/cm.mm), Differential leukocytic count - Neutrophils 67.88%, Eosinophils 28.77%, Basophils 3.66%, Lymphocytes 65.88%, Monocytes 5.55%, and ESR 12.20 mm/hour.
Blood of camels negative to lungworm infection showed total leukocytic count mean value 19.30 thousand/cu.mm, Differential leukocytic count - Neutrophils 47.00%, Eosinophils 8.88%, Basophils 1.88%, Lymphocytes 38.55%, Monocytes 4.22% and ESR 1.85 mm/hour.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0405,T] (1).
42.
A Study On The Prevalence & Taxonomy Of Biting & Sucking Lice Infestation In Sheep With Their Effect On Different Blood Parameters
by Jamal Abdul Nasir | Dr. Muhammad Afzal | Dr. Mubasher Saeed Mian | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: The study was planned to determine the prevalence and taxonomy of biting and sucking lice infestation in sheep with their effect on various blood parameters. For this purpose specimens were collected from Outdoor Hospital College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore and various private clinics in the city.
The collected specimens were preserved, stained and ide.ntified after preparing permanent mounts under the sterioscopic microscope in the laboratory. Two species of lice i.e. Damalinia (biting lice) and Liiioqnathus pedalis (sucking lice) were identified having a percentage of 10.50 and 1.0 respectively. The infestation recorded was highest during spring and autumn and lowest during the summer.
The taxonomy of the identified species were carried out by using morphological characters (Chandler, 1961 and Soulsby, 1982).
Haernatological examinations were made to compare the blood picture of healthy and infested sheep. For this purpose 20 blood samples each from healthy and infested sheep were examined. Five ml of blood was collected from the jugular vien of the sheep, with the help of disposable syringes, in a test tube having few drops of 0.1 % EDTA.
The blood parameters studied were: Haemoglobin level, Total Erythrocyte Count, Total Leukocyte Count, Packed Cell volume and differential leukocytic count. The results of haematological examination showed a significant decrease in haemoglobin, total erythrocyte count and packed cell volume, whereas a significant rise in leukocytic count and D.L.C. of infested sheep as compared to healthy sheep was observed.
The results of the present study will help in planning better control measures in order to minimize lice infestation and also aid in the eradication of various lice born diseases in sheep.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0407,T] (1).
43.
A Comparative Study Of Helminth And Haemoparasites Of Domestic And Wild Pigeons
by Asma Hussain | Dr. Mubashir Saeed Mian | Dr. Asif Rabbani | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: There is an increasing interest in pigeons and other game and ornamental birds. These birds are generally kept either free roaming or confined in outdoor pens and hence are vulnerable to various parasitic infectious, which greatly effects the productivity of these birds.
The meat production of the pigeons can be improved by controlling disease problems particularly helrninths and blood protozoan infections, so that in near future they may contribute towards narrowing down the animal protein supply gap by substituting poultry meat with squabs.
The present work was planned for the comparative study of helminths and heemoparasites of domestic and wild pigeons. For this purpose 300 each of guts and blood smears were studied. The overall incidence of gastrointestinal helminths and blood protozoans was 77.33% and 31.99% respectively, while 36% of birds had mixed infection. The incidence of gastro-intestinal helminths and blood protozoa in wild pigeons was 89.33 and 20.66 percent respectively and in domestic pigeons it was 65.33% and 11.33% respectively. Whereas mixed infections were 22% and 14% respectively.
The following species of helmitiths and blood protozoa were recorded and identified.
1. Raillietina tetragona
2. Raillietiiia cesticillus
3. Choanolaenia infundibulum
4. Ascaridia colurnbae and
5. Cap illaria obgnata
The two species of blood protozoa recovered were:
1. Aegypanella pullorum and
2. Haeiçotuscumbae
Among the helrninths recorded, cestodes were found predominating as compared with nernatodes in both wild and domestic pigeons. Raillietina cesticillus was the most common cestode species in both Wild and domestic pigeons i.e. 51 and 33 percent respectively while Asci colurnbae predominated the nernatode species i.e. 18 and 15 percent respectively. The Incidence was higher in wild pigeons.
Aegyptianella pullorum was more common blood protozoan i.e. 22 and 11 percent respectively in wild and domestic pigeons. The incidence of Haemoproteus clumbae was 9 and 11 percent respectively.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0410,T] (1).
44.
Study Of Gastro-Intestinal Helminths And Taxonomy Of Species Of The Genus Paramphistomum In Camels
by Saeed A. Khan | Dr. Muhammad Afzal | Dr. Mubasher Saeed Mian | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0411,T] (1).
45.
Epidemiological, Serological And Hematological Investigations In An Out Break Of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea And Foot
by Ghaffar Khan, A | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: After an outbreak of a vesicular disease in Lahore District a demoninator based active surveillance was conducted in four villages. During and after the epidemic and the homesteads were visited and interviewed from door to door. The total number of animals kept by the farmers (N = 1537) and the affected number of animals (n= 1384) by age, sex and species were enquired from the farmers and recorded on a questionnaire proforma. The clinical signs of the affected animals and their sequence were recorded.
Epidemiological investigations revealed that morbidity rate of 66.94% (n=867/1537) was higher in buffaloes than cattle which was 48.34% (n=117/242). Young animals of both species were more susceptible than adults. Morbidity rate in young cattle was 50.64% (n=39) in 77 animals but in case of adult cattle amongst the total population of 165 morbidity rate was 47.27% (n=78). In case of young buffaloes 290 (69.37%) out of 418 animals while in case of adult buffaloes morbidity rate was 63.51% (557/877). Case fatality rate was observed higher 42.85% (363/847) in buffaloes than the cattle which was 26.65 % (37/117). Frequency of clinical signs observed was found as depression (63.30%), mucosa diffusely red (61.87%), anorectic (61.48%), muzzle hyperimic encrusted (61.09%), erosions (58.49%), laminitis (56.73%), temperature 101-105°F (54.26%), drooling (53.35%), shivering (44.82%), mistitis (38.51%), temperature 105-107°F (6.18%), polypnea (5.79%), temperature 101-103°F (4.35%), cough (3.38%), diarrhoea (2.40%), subnormal (0.71%) and abortion (0.65%).
In this project 160 animals affected from the disease, 80 of each species, were selected for hematological and serological investigations. Forty healthy animals were observed as control.
Blood samples from the affected Buffaloes were tested for the total erythrocytic count (TEC), total leukocytic count (TLC), packed cell volume (PCV), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and differential leukocytic count (DLC) i.e. neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes, basophils and their average values were observed as 3.56 ± 0.31 x 106/ul (5.18 x 106/ul), 4.90 ± 1.22 x 103/ul (6.45 x 103/ul), 26.59 ± 2.14% (29.31%), 10.13 ± 0.92 mm/Ist hr. (4.56 mm/Ist hr.), 30.54 ± 1.07% (32.55%), 59.18 ± 1.03% (56.16%), 1.78 ± 0.22% (2.41%, 5.92 ± 0.52% (4.51%), 0.29 ± 0.01% (0.48%) respectively.
Blood samples from the affected cattle were tested for the TEC, TLC, PCV, ESR and DLC i.e. neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes, basophils and their average values were observed as 5.76 ± 0.32 x 106/ul (7.24 x 106/ul), 6.73 ± 0.92 x 103/ul (7.99 x 103/ul), 31.49 ± 1.59% (33.90%), 9.32 ± 1.32 mm/Ist hr. (3.16 mm/Ist hr.), 31.08 ± 1.09% (34.82%), 45.00 ± 1.05% (41.31%), 0.33 ± 0.04% (0.63%), 9.16 ± 0.46% (7.86%), 0.33 ± 0.03% (0.63%) respectively.
Serum samples from the affected buffaloes were tested for the total serum protein (TSP), serum albumin and serum globulin and their average values were came as 5.97 ± 0.56 g/dI (7.72 g/dI), 2.80 ± 0.37 g/dl (3.55 g/dll), 2.40 ± 0.95 g/dl (4.17 g/dl) respectively.
Serum samples from the affected cattle were tested for the TSP, serum albumin and serum globulin and their average values were observed as 6.43 ± 0.45 g/dl (7.58 g/dl), 2.67 ± 0.35 g/dll (2.32 g/dl), 2.67 ± 0.52 g/dI (4.26 g/dll) respectively.
Agar gel immunodiffusion test used for the antibodies detection was found positive for foot and mouth disease (FMD). Typographically two strains O (42.50%) and Asia-I (29.38%) were isolated out of 160 samples.
A total loss of Rs. 5.286 millions due to FMD in cattle and buffaloes was estimated in the four villages.
Note: Values in parenthesis are normal/standard for the respective parameter.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0412,T] (1).
46.
Effect Of Hydatid Cyst On Different Blood Components In Camels Of Different Age Groups
by Hameed ur Rehman | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Khalid Pervaiz | Dr. Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: The present project was designed to find out the prevalence of hydatidosis in different age groups of camels and to see its effect on some blood parameters (TEC, Hb, PCV) and also to examined the same blood parameters of control groups. For this purpose study was carried out on 300 camels of various age groups (2-3 years, 3-5 years, and above 5 years) brought to Lahore abattoir for slaughtering purposes during the period from July 1994 to September 1994.
The results showed that out of 300 camels, 189 (63%) were positive for hydatidosis. It revealed that infection rate was higher in Group-Ill (above 5 years) 70%, than in Group-I (58%) and Group-Il(61%). The study also revealed that the prevalence of hydatidosis was 67.68% in July, 54.9% in August and 66.67% in September
The present investigation also showed that a mean of total erythrocyte count was 8.667 million/microliter with range of 6.00 million/microliterto 11.101 million/microliter, Haemoglobin concentration was 10.00 g/100ml with a range of 6.3 g/100 13.1 g/l00ml and mean of packed cell volume was 31.7 with a range of 20.00% to 39.00%.
The control blood samples of 189 camels showed mean of total erythrocyte was 9.721 million/microliter ranging from 6.32 million/microliter to 12.92 million/microliter, mean of haemoglobin concentration was 11.5g/100ml with a range of 7.3 g/100ml to 14.4g/100ml and packed cell volume was 33.4% with a range of 22.00% to 40.7%
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0413,T] (1).
47.
Comparison Of Single And Stack Pinning Techniques For Mid Shaft Femoral Fracture In The Dog
by Kamran Akhtar | Dr. Mazhar Iqbal | Dr. Muhammad Arif | Dr. S | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: The incidence of femoral fracture is higher than that of other long bones in clogs. Immobilization of Fernoral fractures by external method of fixation is almost impossible due to angulation of the hind limbs, thickness of thigh musculature and difficulty of controlling motion in the hip joint. This type of orthopeadic ailment can he handled successfully with hone splintage principle which, includes the use of compression plates, cerciage wires, and intrarneclullary pins. In this project stack pinning and single intramedullary pinning with hemicerciage wires were used to treat midshaft transverse femoral fractures n the clog. The procedure was conducted on 20 mongrel dogs of either sex, divided into two groups of 10 clogs each .
In group I the surgically created mid shaft femoral Fracture was immobilized using single intramedullary pin with hemicerclage wires. Whereas in group II the fracture was immobilized with stack pinning. First pin was introduced in a retrograde and the second pin in a normograde fashion. All the dogs were kept in Kennels For a period of sixteen weeks and results were collected on the basis of clinical and radiographic evulations. All the clogs were euthanisecl at the end of experimental period and operation sites were explored to find out the gross changes
The analysis of the results clearly indicated that intramedullary pinning with hemicerclage wires was a better choice over stack pinning for repairing mid shaft transverse femoral Fractures.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0415,T] (1).
48.
Comparative Efficacy Of Infectious Bursal Disease Vaccines In Broiler Chickens
by Tahir Waheed Khan | Dr. Muhammad Amin Sheikh | Dr. Khushi Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: The present study was carried out to know the comparative efficacy of different IBD vaccines including Rhone Merleux, Solvay, TAD and CVS in broiler chickens. The evaluation was based on the immune response developed against the vaccine concerned and its assessment through agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) and indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test.
All the birds prior to their vaccination were examined for the presence of passive immunity, both through AGPT and IHA. AGPT could only detect 60-80% birds for maternal immunity, whereas IHA showed the presence of this immunity in all the experimental birds.
All the vaccinated groups were examined for their immune response on 7th, 14th and 21st day post-vaccination. Both AGPT and H-IA showed the decline in immunity on 7th day post-vaccination and then a gradual increase in titres occurred at 14th day of vaccination. The titres attained their peak on 21st day post-vaccination.
With AGPT on 21st day post-vaccination the birds for various vaccines gave precipitin lines respectively as 76, 89, 93 and 100 per cent, for Rhone Merieux, Solvay,TAD and CVS vaccines.
With IHA the highest titres obtained on 21st day post- vaccination was 1:128 for each vaccine, however, the number of birds giving this titre varied being only one bird for Rhone Merleux, Solvay , TAD and 3 birds from CVS. Nevertheless, the next best titre obtained was 1:64 and the number of birds giving this titre was 2, Nil, 2 and 8 birds from Rhone Merieux, Solvay, TAD and CVS. The predominant number of birds, vaccinated against each vaccine developed a titre of 1:16 observed at 14th day and 21st day post- vaccination.
The challenge infection results showed that birds with lilA titres of upto 1:4 developed severe lesions on their bursae, and other parts of the body, alongwith giving less BBR values. In this way the better IHA titre gave protection to the birds against a challenge infection.
All the four vaccines gave identical results for their efficacy against the IBDV infection, however, CVS vaccinated birds developed highest titres in greater number.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0419,T] (1).
49.
Effect Of Glucocorticoids Alongwith Antimicrobial Drugs Against Haemorrhagic Septicaemia In Buffalo
by Ramzan, M | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Khalid Pervaiz | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: Two long acting antibiotic preparations of oxytetracycline and amoxicillin were used in these trials against Haemorrhagic Septicaemia, singly and alongwith a combination of synthetic glucocorticoids (Dexamethasone and prednisolone).
Eighty buffalo calves suffering from Haemorrhagic Septicaemia were selected and treated under field conditions. Weighted clinical score was recorded before and after treatment in each case, on the basis of severity of clinical symptoms. Reduction in this score and recovery or death of animal was also noted.
It was concluded that amoxicillin was more effective than oxytetracycline and the addition of glucocorticoids reduced the convalescence period and also increased the survival rate. Therefore long acting amoxicillin alongwith Dexamethosone and prednisolone is recommended as the successful therapy for Haemorrhagic septicaemia.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0420,T] (1).
50.
Evaluation Of Uretero Jejunocolostomy For Urinary Diversion In The Dog
by Aneeta Hussain | Dr. Mazhar Iqbal | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad Arif Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: Urinary diversion is the procedure adopted for urine expulsion in the most natural way, in the absence of the urinary bladder. In the beginning of the twentieth century many surgeons of human side as well as veterinarians used intestines for performing urinary diversion. They adopted many methods for this purpose but only a few were found to be successful. These procedures were used to relieve the animal from malignant bladder carcinomas, severe damage of bladder and urethra during accidents, and extrophy of urinary bladder etc. These diseases mostly cause urinary discomfort, incontinence of urine and painless heamaturia and cystectomy becomes a necessity.
During this study fifteen healthy dogs of either sex were used. Laparotormy was performed under aseptic precautions. The small intestine was exteriorized through. the incision and the terminal portion of jejunum was identified. A 6-8 cm portion of the jejunurn was selected and milked to clear it of from the feacal materials. This portion was isolated from rest of the intestinal tract with the Doyen's intestinal clamps and was cut off with its mesenteric blood supply remaining intact. The continuity of the small bowel was restored by end to end anastomosis. The vent in mesentery was closed by simple continuous sutures. The isolated Jejunal segment was wrapped in a piece of gauze soaked in normal saline.
The urinary bladder was emptied in females by gentle digital pressure and in males by mean of a disposable syringe. The ureters were amputated obliquely down to the trigone area and bladder was excised. Afterwards one end of the Jejunal segment was closed by lambert sutures. A small hole was created on the right side at the upper third portion which cut through the first three layers. From this hole a 2 cm long submucosal tunnel was created going towards the open end of the segment. The cut end of the ureter was sutured to the mucosa of the Jejunal segment using 3/o prolyene simple interrupted sutures. On the left side of the segment the other ureter was implanted similarly.
A longitudinal incision equal to the diameter of jejunal segment was made at the antimesenteric border of the distal portion of colon. The open end of jejunal segment was implanted here using 3/0 chromic catgut via side to end anastomosis with simple I nierrupted crushing sutures, thus creating an intestinal bladder. Finally the abdomen was closed in routine manner. It was concluded on the basis of this study that:
1. Viable segment of small bowel with blood and nerve supply intact can be used as a bladder.
2. Voiding occurs in the most natural possible way without any need of an external reservoir.
3. There was no ascending infection, so kidneys remained normal.
4. Use of antibiotics for rest of the life was not needed.
The successful attempt of making a new bladder strengthened the belief in cases where there was no other way of saving the animal's life except surgical intervention. So the veterinarian should involve himself with the core of his heart in the operative procedure with the aim of achieving good results. Whether he loses or gains, he must have a satisfaction of being loyal to his profession.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0423,T] (1).
