1.
The In Vitro Study On Comparative Digestibility In Cow And Buffalo Of Different Fodders Availale In West
by Mohsin Shah, S.M | Dr.Muhammad Yaqub Malik | Not Available.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1970Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0065,T] (1).
2.
Comparative Efficacy Of Roux-En-Y Technique With And Without Vagatomy For Pyloric Abnormalities In Dogs
by Stephen Christoper Watts | Dr.Mazhar Iqbal | Dr.Muhammad Younas Ch | Dr.Zafar Iqbal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0337,T] (1).
3.
Comparative Evaluation Of Uretero Jejunostomy & Uretero Gastrostomy In The Dog
by Nabila Yousaf Ch | Dr.Mazhar Iqbal | Dr.Muhammad | Dr.Muhammad Younis | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: Cases of rupture of urinary bladder, cystectomy for carcinoma of the bladder or urethra and extrophy of urinary bladder are all important conditions in which urinary diversions is recommended. Many surgeons in madical field as well as Veterinaians have had tried and reported various corrective surgical procedures. In the past several attempts have been made in which the bladder was excised and ureters were implanted in colon (large intestine). But satisfactory results were not obtained because the bacterial count in the colon is much higher which resulted in ascending infection towards kidneys and caused Hydro-nephritis, pylonephritis or gastro-intestinal disturbances (1979, Boree).
Beside these complications, the advantage of this surgery was that the animal would be cured from all those diseases of urinary bladder or urethra which do not respond to other form of therapy. However, the aforementioned problems of pyelonephritis etc. and the life long cover of antibiotics to combat them. Thus compels the clinician to think of some better procedures, a new project comprising ureterojejunostomy and ureterogastrostomy was designed.
Eighteen healthy dogs of both sexes were used for this experimental implantation of ureters in the stomach (pyloric antrum) into the mid and distal jejunum. The urinary bladder was emptied by gentle digital pressure and excised completely after amputating the ureters obliquely down to the trigone area. The cut ends of the ureters were wrapped in sponge moistened with saline. An entrotomy incision about 5 ems long was given on the selected segment of mid or distal jejunum 10 ems cranial to this incision a small nick in between the mesenteric and antimesenteric border was made going through the first three layers. Through the nick 1.5 cm submucosal tunnel was created going towards the entrotomy incision. The ureter was pulled into the lumen of the intestine through this tunnel. The cut end of the ureter was spatulated and sutured to the intestinal mucosa using 3/0 prolyene simple interrupted sutures. The other ureter was similarly implanted on the other side of the jejunum. With the help of a probe the patency of ureter was checked and entretomy incision was closed using 2/0 chromic catgut simple interrupted crushing sutures. Finally the abdomen was closed in routine manner.
In the dogs of group No.3 the ureters were implanted in the least vescular part of the pyloric antrum through gastrotomy incision using the same procedure explained above.
It was concluded on the basis of this study that:
1) Pressure within the jejunum and stomach interfered with drainage and forced air, food particles and organisms up to the renal pelvis.
2) As the stomach and jejunum were acting as reservoir and the urine was in contact with the wall for a longer period, reabsorption of urinary solutes occured and resulted in azotemia.
3) The typical changes were hyperchloraemic acidosis with potassium depletion and this occured in every patient with uretro-jej unostomy and uretero-gastrostomy diversion.
4) When severe the patient developed loss of appetite, weakeness, thirst, listless, coma and died.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0470,T] (1).
4.
Comparative Efficacy Of Vetimast (Cibageigy), Tetra Delta (Upjohn) And Akamycin-D (Selmore)Against Mastitis In Buffaloes Under Field Conditions
by Razzaq, A | Dr.Iftikhar Gul Ahmad | Dr.Khushi | Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: The present project was undertaken to study the effectiveness of 3 different intramammary preparations in buffaloes suffering from clinical mastitis in the viscinity of Lahore and District Kasur. From these cases causative organisms were isolated and j vitro sensitivity was tested with 3 corresponding antibiotic discs and chemotherapeutic trials were conducted in the field.
The following salient results were obtained:
1. Out of 45 milk samples of mastitic buffaloes examined, 53.33 percent were due to staphylococci, 40 percent due to streptococci and 6.66 percent due to gram -ye rods.
2. Among 53.33% strains of staphylococci, 83.33% were sensitive to cefacetrile (Vetimast) while remaining 16.67% were resistant.
3. 83.33.2 percent staphylococci, 83.3% of streptococci and 100% of gram -ye rods were sensitive to Tetra-delta.
4. 75 percent staphylococci, 83.33 percent streptococci and 100% gram -ye rods were sensitive to Gentamycin.
5. 88.88 percent streptococci and 100% E. coli were sensitive to Cefacetrile (Vetirnast). Remaining 11.12 percent of streptococci were resistant to Cefacetrile.
Ten buffaloes (Group-A) were treated with 235 mg of cefacetrile, 5 bufffaloes (50%) got cured after 7 days of the end of the therapy and 2 more (20%) animals got cured after 14 day of therapy.
Ten bufffaloes (group-B) were freated with TGtra-delta, 5 (5Ob)
cured after 7 days of the end of treatment and 3 more buffaloes (30%) got cured after 14 days.
Similarily, 10 animals (Group-C) were treated with Akamycin-D by intramammary infusion, 4 buffaloes (40%) got cured after 7 days of therapy and 2 more animals (20%) got cured after 14 days of the end of treatment.
In the present study, the total financial losses of about Rs. 43660/has been estimated to be caused by clinical mastitis in buffaloes. These losses are preventable by effective chemotherapeutic and control measures. Clinical trials conducted under field conditions in treating the clinical mastitis in buffaloes have shown that tetra delta is efficacious and economical, as it is cheaper and single dose treatment as compared to vetimast and akamycin-D which are expensive.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0557,T] (1).
5.
Comparative Efficacy Of Buparvaquone And Oxytetracycline Against Theileriosis In Cattle And Their Effect On Blood
by Sarvat Yab Khan | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr.Haji Ahmad | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: Theileriosis is a serious disease of the cattle which is caused by species of Theileria resulting in death due to severe anaemia. The present study was conducted to evaluate the comparative efficacy of buparvaquone (Butalex, ICI) and oxytetracycline (Terramycin 100 PVP) and their effect on various blood parameters, viz, total erythrocytic count (TEC), total leukocytic count (TLC), packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin estimation (Hb) in and around Lahore.
Thirty infected cattle showing clinical signs of Theileriosis (diagnosed based on blood smear examination) were used in this study. These animals were randomly divided into 3 groups designated as A, B and C comprising 10 animals each. Besides this 10 healthy cattle were kept as control as group D.
Haernatological examination revealed a significant decrease in the erythrocyte count, packed cell volume and haemoglobin level of the infected cattles. Total leukocyte count was also decreased. Animal of group A was treated with single intramuscular injection of Butalex at the dose rate of 2.5 mg/kg body weight. The efficacy of the drug was 90 per cent. There was marked increased in the erythrocyte, leukocyte, packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentration.
Group B was treated with intramuscular injection of Terramycin 100 PVP at the dose rate of 10 mg/kg body weight. The efficacy of the drug was 40% and there was slight increase in the haematological values. riThe haematological values of group C were much more decreased while in group D, these values were just same.
From this study, it is concluded that buparvaquone 2.5 mg/kg body weight (Butalex ICI) is the drug of choice for the treatment of Theileriosis under field condition in our country.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0558,T] (1).
6.
Epidemiological And Experimental Investigation Of Hydatidosis In Buffalo, Cattle And Dogs
by Ghulam Yasin | Dr.Muhammad Athar Khan | Dr.Kamran | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: In the epidemiological investigation of present project, 1300 slaughtered buffaloes and 1300 slaughtered cattle were inspected for hydatidosis from two different abattoirs in Lahore district. rllhe results showed that the Overall prevalence of hydatidosis in buffalo was 33.9% (Male 30% and Female 37.81%). Overall prevalence of hydatidosis in cattle was 31.2% (Male 30% and Female 32.42%). Higher prevalence was due to examination of only adult/older animals. As regard to distribution of hydatid cyst, the lungs were more effected than any other organs of both cattle and buffalo. The number, size and state of hydatid cysts were also examined and their results are briefly discussed.
While in experimental investigation of said project, twenty dogs were maintained for a period of two and a half month and the results showed that the dogs infected experimentally with . granulosus did not exhibit any significant and specific symptoms. Among three drugs used against experimentally induced E. granulosus, the Mannsonil (Niclosamide) is the drug of choice (87% effective) while Forbenda (Albendazole) is the drug of choice (87% effective) while Forbenda (Albendazole) is ineffective and Chanazole (Mebendazole) is also very good. The best method to confirm the infection in live dogs is the purgation of the dogs, while in dead dogs is the postmortem examination and inspection of small intestine for E. granulosus.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0559,T] (1).
7.
Improvng Phosphorus Availability In Broiler Feed By The Supplementation Of Phytase Enzyme
by Hammad Raza | Prof.Dr.Talat Naseer Pasha | Dr.Muhammad | Prof.Dr.Nisar Ahmad Mian.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: The phosphorus availability in broiler ration was improved by the supplementation of phytase enzyme. A unit of phytase is defined as the quantity of enzyme that liberates LU. mol of inorganic P/mm. from 5.1 mm sodium phytate at pH 5.5 and 37°C. Six weeks old forty (40) broiler birds were housed in individual cages in a room maintained with standard conditions. Birds were randomly divided into four groups having 10 birds each including control group. The following level of phytase were used 0, 300 U, 600 U, and 900 U. A preliminary period of 7 days was observed to remove the effect of previous diet and then feed intake and production of excreta was measured quantitatively per pen over three consecutive days.
By the supplementation of the different levels of phytase enzyme the P availability was significantly (P<0.01) increased in different groups. Maximum phosphorus availability was achieved in D groups similarly minimum P availability was achieved in A group (control). rphe data was statistically analyzed by using the complete randomized block design highly significant (P<0.01) difference was observed in various rations. For the comparison of means DMR test was applied which showed significantly (P<O.O1) higher P availability in ration D as compared to the remaining rations (A, B and C). The control ration was economical ration in this experiment. By supplementing phytase the cost of the ration was increased. rrhe results of present study proved that use of phytase is uneconomical but maximum phosphorus availability could be achieved by using the phytase enzyme in poultry rations.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0568,T] (1).
8.
Prevalence Of Ascaridiosis In Domestic Pigeons, Its Chemotherapy And Effect On Blood Parameters In Lahore
by Imran Ali | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr.Haji Ahmad | Dr.Muhammad Athar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: This project was designed to study the prevalence of Ascaridia çolumbae in domestic pigeons and its chemotherapy with two anthelmintics to see the efficacy of two drugs and effect on some blood parameters (TLC and DLC).
To find out the prevalence, fifty pigeon shops and houses of pigeon owners were visited in and around Lahore each month. A total of 150 samples from June to August 1998 were collected. An overall prevalence recorded in domestic pigeons was 60 percent. It was highest (72%) in August and lowest (58%) in July. The prevalence of infection was higher in birds raised under unhygienic and poor managemental conditions.
For drug efficacy and haematology, 60 pigeons were purchased from local market and divided into 4 groups comprising of 15 birds each and grouped as under:
Group A (15 birds) infected and medicated with Albenzole.
Group B (15 birds infected and medicated with Chanazole.
Group C (15 birds) infected and non-medicated (control)
Group D (15 birds) Non-infected and non-medicated (control).
Three samples of faeces and blood were collected from each group on zero day, 7th day, 12th day of medication. In group A, egg count decreased to 60.8% and 96.70% on 7th and 12th day of medication respectively. In group B, egg count decreased to 68.60% 86.0% on 7th and 12th day respectively. While in group C, egg count increased to 7.70% and 218% on 7th and 12th day of medication. Group D, remained free from infection and non-medicated throughout the experiment and kept as control. As regards the efficacy of drugs, the Albenzole was found highly effective and reduction percentage was 96.70 eggs ocr gram of faeces. While in Chanazole reduction percentage was 86.0. Total leukocyte count in group A, B and C increased on zero day, 7th day and 12th day of medication. In group 0, total leukocyte count remained constant throughout the experimental period.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0569,T] (1).
9.
Prevalence And Chemotherapy Of Strongylosis And Its Effect On Various Blood Parameters In Horses
by Abid Saleem | Dr.Khalid Pervez | Dr.Haji Ahmad | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: The present project was designed to find out the prevalence of strongylosis, to test the anthelmintic efficacy of Albendazole, Oxfendazole and Piperazine and to study the effect of strongyloids on blood parameters.
For this purpose the faecal samples of one hundred and twenty horses were processed through coprological examination. Out of 120 horses 68 were found positive, so the prevalence of strongylosis was recorded as 56.66%. Out of the positive animals, 60 were randomly divided into four groups A, B, C and D comprising of 15 animals in each group. Each animal of group A was given Farbenda (7.5 mg/kg body weight), group B was given Oxafax (10 mg/kg body weight), group C was given Coopane (0.2 g/kg body weight) while group D was kept as control (untreated). The efficacy of anthelmintics was evaluated on the reduction of eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces on 7th, 14th and 21st day post-medication. Efficacy of Farbenda (Albendazole) was 64.2%, 53.1% and 42.1% on 7th, 14th and 21st day, respectively. Efficacy of Oxafax (Oxfendazole) was 100%, 98.7% and 98.1% on 7th, 14th and 21st day, respectively. Efficacy of Coopane (Piperazine) was 52.3%, 38.8% and 28% on 7th, 14th and 21st day, respectively. It was concluded from above results that Oxfendazole was found the most effective than Albendazole and Piperazine, while Albendazole showed better efficacy than Piperazine.
Haematological parameters showed significant reduction in total erythrocyte count (TEC), haemoglobin (Hb) level and packed cell volume (PCV) while total leukocyte count (TLC) remained within normal limits.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0570,T] (1).
10.
Effect Of Two Anticoccidials With And Without Supplementation Of Vitamins On Some Liver And Kidney Functions
by Muti Ur Rehman Khan | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Dr.Javed Rashid | Dr.Muhammad Amin Sheikh | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: The project was designed to study the effect of anticoccidials (Ampisol 20% and Esb3 30%) with and without supplementation of vitamins on some liver and kidney functions of broiler chicken. A total of hundred day old broiler chicks were randomly divided into five equal groups designated as A, B, C, D and E. Group A was medicated with Ampisol 20% at the dose rate of 3 gm/10 liters. Group B was given Ampisol 20% alongwith supplementation of Symodek at the dose rate of 1 gmJ2 liters. Group C was medicated with Esb3 30% while group D was Esb3 30% plus Symodek. Group E was non- medicated control. Serum samples were collected randomly from five birds in each group on day 21, 28, 35 and 42 and were stored at -20°C uptil tests. The experimental period was 42 days. Estimation of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, serum creatinine and serum uric acid was made by using commercially available kits in collected serum samples of all groups.
The statistical analysis of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, serum creatinine showed no significant difference among groups A, B, C, D and Eon 21, 28,35,42 day of experiment. Serum uric acid levels showed no significant difference in different groups on 21 and 42 day. On day 28 of the experiment there was no significant difference between mean serum uric acid levels of group C and D but were significantly different from groups A, B and E. The mean uric acid levels of groups A, B and E were significantly different from each other. On day 35 there was significant difference among different groups except between B and C groups. As there were no adverse effects on liver and kidney functions of broiler chickens, the administration of Ampisol 20% and Esb3 30% with and without vitamins is recommended for chemoprophylaxis of coccidiosis in broiler chickens.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0576,T] (1).
11.
Protective Effect Of Diltiazem Hydrochloride On Occurrence Of Alloxan Induced Diabetes In Rabbits
by Azeem, M | Dr.Muhammad Razzaq Ali | Dr.Haji Ahmad | Dr.Muhammad Sabir.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: An investigation was carried out to study the protective effect of calcium channel blocker i.e. diltiazem hydrochloride on occurrence of alloxan diabetes in rabbits and also to see the protective effect of a herbal mixture of medicines, i.e. Kalonji, Kasni and Maithee on occurrence of alloxan induced diabetes in rabbits.
For this purpose, 20 rabbits were randomly divided into four groups i.e. A, B, C and D, comprising 5 rabbits in each and were provided food and water libitum.
Each of the members of group A (control) were given 150 mg/kg body weight alloxan intravenously into ear vein. These animals were given food and water libitum for two days, then they were fasted over night and blood samples were collected for estimation of glucose and total protein.
The results obtained showed significant increase in blood glucose level subsequent to the administration of alloxan. There was no change observed in total protein.
The rabbits of group B were given 20 mg/kg body weight of Diltiazem hydrochloride intraperitoneally and after 15 minutes alloxan was administered intravenously. The results obtained showed significant increase in blood glucose level and no effect on total protein.
Similarly the rabbits of group 'C' were given 40 mg/kg body weight of diltiazem hydrochloride intraperitoneally and then after 15 minutes 150 mg/kg body weight of alloxan was administered intravenously into ear vein. Blood samples showed significant decrease in blood glucose level and no effect on total protein.
While rabbits of group-D were given 2 gm/kg body weight of herbal mixture orally, and then after two hours alloxan was administered intravenously. The data showed a significant rise in blood glucose level and again no effect on total protein. This showed that the herbal mixture had no protective effect.
From this result, it is conceivable that diltiazem hydrochloride showed protective effect on occurrence of alloxan induced diabetes in rabbits and there was no effect on total protein whereas the herbal mixture did not have protective effect.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0577,T] (1).
12.
Effects Of Two Anticoccidial Drugs With And Without Supplementation Of Vitamins On The Immune System Of Broiler Chickens
by Nazim ud Din | Dr.Khalid Munir Ch | Dr.Muhammad | Dr.Shakil Akhtar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: This project was designed to investigate the effects of two anticoccidials Ampisol 20% and Esb3 30% with and without supplementation of vitamins (A, D3, E and K3 as "Symodek") on the immune system of broiler chickens. To evaluate such effects the parameters used for study were; effects, on the weights of immuno regulatory organs (bursa of Fabricius, thymus, spleen and liver), organ body weight indices, histopathology of primary lymphoid organs (bursa of Fabricius and thymus), total and differential leukocytic counts, total serum protein, albumin globulin ratio and immune response to Newcastle disease virus vaccination. A total of 120 chicks, divided into 5 equal groups viz A to E were reared for 42 days. Groups A, B, C, and D were medicated with, Ampisol 20%, Ampisol 20% + Symodek, Esb3 30%, and Esb3 30% + Symodek, respectively while group E was kept as control(no drug medication). All the birds were vaccinated with ND virus vaccine on day 7th and day 2 1st. All the medication, was done through drinking water at the recommended prophylactic dosage levels.
The study revealed that Ampisol 20% had favourable effects on the weights of immunoregulatory organs, and organ (bursa of Fabricius, thymus, spleen and liver):bodyweight indices. Esb3 30% had negative effects on these parameters.
Histological studies of primary lymphoid organs (bursa of Fabricius and thymus) revealed no detrimental effects of different medications except in birds of group C and D given Esb3 30% or Esb3 30% + Symodek, where slight degenerative changes were noted in bursae and thymi.
On day 42 the mean TLC values were slightly lower in birds medicated with Esb3 30% as compared to birds which received Ampisol 20%. On day 42 the mean lymphocytic percentages were higher in groups medicated with Arnpisol 20% as compared to those given Esb3 30%. Vitamins supplementation exerted favourable effects on TLC and DLC values. This study further indicated that mean total serum protein (TSP), mean serum albumin, mean serum globulin and mean A/G ratios were higher in birds medicated Ampisol 20%, than those medicated Esb3 30%. Vitamin supplementation had augmenting effects on these values. On day 28, 35 and 42 the antibody titres in birds medicated with Ampisol 20% were higher than those given Esb3 30%. Vitamin supplementation exerted augmenting effects on the antibody titres.
It is concluded that Ampisol 20% had no immunosuppressive effects rather it exerted favourable effects on the weights of immunoregulatory organs, rpp albumin, globulin, A/G ratio, DLC and HI antibody titres against Newcastle disease virus. Esb3 30% moderately depressed the aforesaid components of immune system. The present study also revealed that vitamins (A, D3, E, K3) supplementation to anticoccidials improved the immune response of birds. However, there is a need for further investigation in this regard, with special reference to immune system of broiler chickens.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0579,T] (1).
13.
Assessment Of Microbicidal Efficacy Of Finvirus Uriach
by Shakil Akhtar | Dr.Muhammad Akram Muneer | Dr.Haji Ahmad | Dr.Khushi Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: A total of 84 fresh fertile hen eggs were obtained from the poultry farm near College of Veterinary Sciences (CVS), Lahore and 32 duck fertile eggs were obtained from the villages in the vicinity of Lahore. These eggs were incubated at 37°C in an automatic incubator for 11 days for the embryonic development. At the day 11 post incubation, the eggs were candled to confirm the presence of embryos. Eggs with dead embryos were discarded. The NDV, AIV and EDSV were obtained from Microbiology Section, C.V.S., Lahore and inoculated to the 11 day old embryonated eggs via allantoic sac route. After 72 hours allantoic fluid was collected and 4HA units of NDV, AIV and EDSV were calculated. Toxicity of a newly marketed disinfectant, Finvirus for developing chicken/duck embryos was determined and the efficacy of Finvirus uriach against NDV, AIV and EDSV was evaluated. In addition, phenol coefficient of "Finvirus" was calculated using Staphylococcus aureus. It was established that 0.5% dilution of Finvirus was not toxic to the embryo. From the findings of this investigation it was concluded that Finvirus uriach can inactivate NDV and AIV and EDS virus in minimum duration of 5 minutes at a concentration of 0.5%.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0580,T] (1).
14.
Surveiilance Of Disease Problems & Economic Losses In Commercial Layer Farming In Tehsil Arifwala
by Javid Iqbal, M | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr.Muhammad | Dr.Muhammad Athar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: The main objective of the present study work was to investigate the prevalence of various diseases and economic losses resulting because of various factors among the commercial layer farming in Tehsil Arif Wala. The farms having housed birds 5000 - 15000 were visited in this study work. The project was divided into two portions. The data of retrospective study revealed total mortality of 16.44% ( 58725/357100 ) due to various diseases. Highest mortality was due to gumboro (27.50%) followed bt leukosis (26.38%), Newcastle disease (15.33% observed only in one farm) early chick mortality ( 5.06%), heat stress ( 4. 14 %), coryza (3.09%) and Salmonellosis ( 1.98% ). The diseases in which the mortality was less than 2% were E-coli, Coccidiosis, C.R.D., I.B., Aspergillosis, Enteritis and Pox.
In active surveillance mortality was 27.28% (52019/190700) clue to various diseases. Highest mortality was due to Icukosis (24.57%) followed by Marek's disease (12.98%), early chick mortality (12.75%), gumboro (10.54%), C.R.D. (7.39%), Aspergillosis (7.10%), E-Coli (6.75 %), Coayza (4.81%), saimonellosis (4.33%) and enteritis
(3.86%). The diseases in which the mortality was less than 3% were
Coccidiosis, l.B., and Heat Stress.
In retrospective study economic losses by different factors were chicks ( 25.61%), feed (67.31%) and medicine (7.08%). In active surveillance economic losses due to different factors were chicks (32.29%), feed (62.53%) and medicine (5.18%).
From this study it is concluded that viral infections such as gumboro, leukosis, Marek's and N.D. are important in layers responsible for high mortality and economic losses. Therefore, it is recommended that proper vaccination should be done and propel vaccination schedule should be adopted
The diagnosis of each disease was made by clinical findings and postmortem findings but in case of active surveillance, the diagnosis of Salmonelosis was confirmed by the laboratory tests. A questionnaire was also designed to collect the data from each farm that was related to morbidity rates, mortali rates , vaccination, susceptible age , managemental faults & economic losses for various diseases.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0581,T] (1).
15.
Effects Of Formalinized And Oil Based Hydropericardium Syndrome Vaccines On Haematology & Immunocompetent
by Zafar Abbas | Dr.Javed Rashid | Dr.Muhammad | Dr.Shakil Akhtar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: This study was designed to find out the effects on haematology (Hb, TLC and DLC), immune response (against NDV vaccine) and on organ body weight indices (liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus) in broiler chickens when given two different HPS vaccines (Formalinized and oil-based HPS vaccines). Morbid livers of chickens affected with naturally occurred hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) were collected from field outbreaks to prepare the HPS vaccines and inoculum. Sixty broiler chicks were divided into three groups (A, B and C), comprising of 20 chicks in each on 10th day of experiment. At 14th day of age, chickens of groups A and B were given f-HPS and o-HPS vaccines, while group C was kept as unvaccinated control. On 28th day of age chickens of groups A, B and C were challenged with HPS inoculum. To study the effects of f-HPS and o-HPS vaccines, blood samples were collected on 12th (pre-vaccination), 26th (postvaccination) and 35th (post-challenge) day of experiment.
Haematological study revealed that f-HPS and o-HPS vaccines had no significant effects on haemoglobin concentration in groups A and B, but its concentration decreased significantly on 35th day in control group-C. Whereas TLC values increased significantly on 26th and 35th day in groups A and B, but decreased significantly on 35th day in group-C. DLC value revealed that there was relative lymphocytosis and heterpenia on 26th and 35th day in groups A and B, whereas eosinophilia on 35th day. While in control group-C there was lymphopenia and eosinopenia along with hetrophHia on 35th day. Antibody titre against Newcastle disease virus vaccine indicated that there was no significant difference in'GMHI titre values among the groups A, B and C. Results of organ body weight indices indicated that in control group-C (unvaccinated) indices of liver, spleen and bursa of Fabricius were significantly higher than those of groups A and B, whereas no effect was observed on thymic body weight index among groups A, B and C.
The results of this study suggested that f-HPS and o-HPS vaccines had no significant effect on Hb concentration, TLC and DLC values. No significant immuno-modulatory effect was noted on antibody titre against NDV vaccine of these HPS vaccines, whereas significant effect was noted on organ body weight indices of livers, spleen and bursa of Fabricius in group-C as compared to vaccinated groups.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0582,T] (1).
16.
Effect Of Replacement Of Maize With The Varying Levels Of Stabilized Extruded Rice Polishing On The Performance Of Broilers
by Aqif Mukhtar, Syed | Prof.Dr. Nisar Ahmad Mian | Dr.Anjum Khalique | Dr.Muhammad.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: As the poultry industry flourished rapidly during the last thirty years, it has now become a major contributor in providing low cost protein of animal origin to our population. But unfortunately poultry industry is continuously suffering loses for the past few years mainly due the fact that the conventional feed stuffs are becoming costly day by day. The serious food shortage and increasing competition between human beings and poultry regarding the consumption of cereal grains demanded that cereals should be now spared for human consumption and exploration of non conventional feed sources should be carried out in order to keep the business of poultry industry running well.
Rice polishing is a by-product of rice milling so it is abundantly available in Pakistan because rice is the third largest crop produced in the country. Rice polishing compares well with the cereal grains in chemical composition. So it contains more fat and protein as compared to maize but high in fiber contents. Due to high fat contents rancidity of Rice polishing can pose some problems if it is fed after prolonged storage, specially in hot weather.
Extrusion cooking is a new technique which stabilizes the high fat diets and make them fit for use in the animal rations. For this reason full fat rice polishing was subjected to Extrusion Cooking which was done at National Feed Mill.
Present Experiment was conducted to replace maize with extruded rice polishing and to see the effects on the performance of broiler chicks. Six starter and six finisher rations were prepared and designated as A, B, C, D, E and F . All rations were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Starter ration and finisher ration A. were kept as a control containing 35 % Maize and 0% extruded Rice polishing, which was replaced by extruded rice polishing in ration B, C, D, E and F. on protein equivalent basis at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35% level In this way a complete 100% replacement of maize with extruded Rice polishing was made One hundred and eighty day old chicks were randomly divided into eighteen experimental units of 10 chicks each. Each experimental unit was placed individually. The starter rations were fed up to 28th day of age while the Finisher rations from 29th to 42nd day of age.
Results of the present study indicated that the weight gain up to 25% extruded rice polishing level was promisingly good. Maximum weight gain was recorded in Ration B (15% extruded rice polishing). Second best results were noted in the control ration but the performance of the chicks fed on 20% extruded rice polishing was almost equal to that of control ration. It was noted that the weight gain started to decrease gradually as the level was raised up to 35% of the total with each increasing increment.
Best feed utilization was observed in the chicks fed on ration B, whereas poor utilization of feed was noted in higher levels of extruded rice polishing in the diet having more feed consumption compared to weight gain.
Better performance up to 25% level indicated that Extrusion improved the nutritional quality of rice polishing by stabilizing it and inactivating Lipases. The extrusion also made starch more available for the birds and reduced the anti-nutritional elements of rice polishing. This is evident from the fact that the level of rice polishing effected the health of the chicks.
It was therefore concluded from the present study that extrusion is an excellent technique for converting low quality feed stuffs into feeds with higher nutritional quality. Specially extrusion of low priced feed ingredients such as rice polishing and it replacement with a costly feed ingredient such as wheat or maize holds good economic prospects for feed millers. As extrusion is done on a very limited scale therefore after the present study it was strongly recommended that the use of extruded feed stuffs should be promoted in poultry ration
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0583,T] (1).
17.
The Effect Of Different Space Densities And Addition Of Zinc Bacitracin On Growth Rate And Total Serum Protein Level
by Imran Wazir, M | Dr.Muhammad Saleem ch | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Aslam Bhatti.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0584,T] (1).
18.
Role Of Single Injection Of Prostaglandin F2 Alpha On Breeding Efficiency Of Buffaloes
by Sajid Iqbal | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aleem Bhatti | Dr.Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Dr.Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: In the present study, a total of twenty Nili-Ravi buffaloes were divided into two equal groups. In group A ten buffaloes were administered with prostagladin F2 alpha (Lutalyse, Upjohn), 2 hours after calving. In group B, ten buffaloes were not given any treatment and designated as control. The reproductive organs of each experimental buffalo were rectally palpated on day 14 and day 21 postpartum. After that twice a week rectal palpation was carried out until the first postpartum oestrus.
The results of present study revealed that cervical and uterine involution was completed significantly (P < 0.05) earlier in group A as compared to group B (28.90± 1.79 and 35.40±3.95 days). There was no significant difference in the diameter of cervix, gravid and nongravid uterine horn at day 14 postpartum. A significant difference between the groups was obtained on days 21, 25 and 28 postpartum in the diameter of cervix and gravid horn. The corpus luteum (CL) of pregnancy regressed very rapidly following calving. The overall period required for complete regression of corpus luteum of pregnancy was (19.20±4.87 days) in treated group and (18.40±6.07 days) in control groups. The difference was significant.
Follicular activity resumed independently of uterine involution. It was, however, delayed slightly by the retained corpus luteum of pregnancy. The mean postpartum interval of initial follicular development was 21.20±5.71 days in treated and 28.20±8.75 days in control groups, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).
Postpartum oestrus interval was shortened in treated group (79.50±19.83 days) as compared to control group (103.0± 17.45 days) and the difference was significant (P<0.05). So it seems beneficial to administer prostaglandin F2 alpha in postpartum buffaloes to reduce the period for uterine involution and enhance the subsequent reproductive performance.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0585,T] (1).
19.
Effect Of Replacement Of Soyabean Meal With Sesame Meal On The Performance Of Japanese Quails (Coturnix Coturnix
by Babar Hilal Ahmad Abbassi | Dr.Jawad Ahmad Qureshi | Dr.Muhammad | Prof.Dr.Nisar Ahmad.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of sesame meal on the performance of Japanese quails. rfhe performance of the birds was studied by using different level of sesame meal in combination soyabean meal in the rations. The growth rate, feed intake, feed efficiency, dressing percentage and mortality was determined. One hundred and eight (180) one day-old Japanese quails were purchased from local hatchery. Quails were randomly divided into six groups and each group having three replicates. Six isocaloric and isonitrogenous rations were prepared in which sesame meal was replaced with soyabean meal fit, 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% of feed. Weekly feed intake, body weight gain and mortality were recorded. At the end o[' experiment three birds from each replicate were slaughtered to determine the dressing percentage. The data collected was analyzed by applying analysis of variance technique using least significant difference (LSD) test to detect the difference among the treatments and means, were compared by using least significant difference test.
The results showed that the ration D containing 10% soyabean meal and 15% sesame meal was best in promoting weight gain and feed efficiency. The results also revealed non significant difference in terms of feed consumption and dressing percentage.
It was concluded that the ration containing efficient proportion of both the vegetable protein supplements (15% sesame meal and 10% soyabean meal) was better as compared to any other ration combination. This was due to supplementary effect of both the vegetable proteins to each other.
Based on the results of present study it may be recommended that sesame meal could be incorporated in quails ration upto a level of 15% with 10% soyabean meal but the lysine supplementation should be made as per recommended level.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0586,T] (1).
20.
Prevalence Of Trichomoniasis In Domestic And Wild Pigeons And Its Effect On Some Blood Parameters Nd Weight Gain
by Hassan Saleem, M | Dr.Khalid Pervez | Dr.Kamran | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: The present project was designed to study the prevalence of Trichomonas gallinae (Trichomoniasis) in domestic and wild pigeons and its effect on some blood parameters and also on weight gain.
To find out the prevalence of T. gallinae in domestic and wild pigeons 100 pigeons were examined between March and Apr11, 1998 from different shops of New Tollinton Market and Lahore Zoo, Lahore. The overall prevalence in domestic and wild pigeons was 41%, which was 30% in March and 52% in April. The birds which were kept in unhygienic conditions and ill fed had more chance of having T. galllnae and have higher prevalence.
For the haematological study 10 healthy and 10 infected pigeons were randomly selected (from the already tested -ye and +ve of the infection) and their blood was examined for ITh, Tl.C, DLC and
PCV. The values of Hh, PCV and Monocytes of unhealthy pigeons are lesser than the healthy pigeons, while values of TLC, hetorophils, lymphocytes and Eosinophils are higher in diseased pigeons than the healthy pigeons. There is a significant difference between the means of Hb, PCV, TLC, Monocytes, Lymphocytes, Eosinophils, while there is no significant difference between the means of Ileterophils.
Finally for weight gain 10 healthy and 10 infected pigeons were randomly selected from already tested and confirmed -ye and +ve pigeons and weight them very carefully and recorded. Both types of birds were kept under observation and after 4 days again weighed them. Which showed that apparently the infected pigeons had lesser weight than healthy ones. There is also a significant difference between their means.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0587,T] (1).
21.
Studies On The Immunosuppresive Role Of Unsatisfactory Managemental Factors In Broilers
by Atta Bukhari | Dr.Muhammah Amin Sheikh | Dr.Haji Ahmad | Dr.Muhammad Akram Muneer | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: The project concerning "Studies on the immuno-suppressive role of unsatisfactory managemental factors in broilers" was primarily planned to know, on scientific basis, the detrimental effects of unfavourable managemental conditions on health and performance of broiler birds. The birds were exposed to the stress of irregular feed and water supply and their maintenance on wet litter. rphe influence of various stress factors was assessed through determining HI tirs of specific antibodies against ND virus, weight gain of body and of lymphoid organs.
Prior to inducing stress, the birds of all the three treatment groups showed GMT of specific antibodies determined on 15th day of their age as 128.0 (Group A, irregular feed), 130.3 (Group B, irregular water), 129.3 (Group C, wet litter), which was quite similar to that of control group D, showing GMT of 128.6. At this stage the immune response of birds in various groups including control was almost uniform. The stress treatment was commenced on day 15 and the GMT values of all the treatment groups became inferior to control group on all the subsequent observation periods that is 22nd day (Group A, GMT 48.5, Group B 36.8, Group C 26.0, Group D 97.0), 38th day (Group A 13.6, Group B 8.0, Group C 5.3, Group D 48.5), 53rd day (Group A 9.2, Group B 5.3, Group C 4.6, Group D 18.4) of the age of birds. Amongst various stresses, wet litter exerted comparatively more harmful effects on immune competence of birds. Among the other two groups which were maintained at irregular water supply and irregular feed supply, the former had greater adverse influence on immune performance of the birds.
The body weight gain determined on periods prior to induction of stress showed negligible variation amongst various groups of birds. However, after induction of stress, there was variation in weight gain in between control group and each treatment group. The wet litter displayed highest .adverse influence on weight gain as compared to other two treatments. Similarly, irregular water supply was more harmful as compared to irregular feed supply. With regard to the influence on weight of lymphoici organs, the birds in all the three treatment groups had lesser values for the mean weights of bursa of Fabricius, thymus and spleen as compared to control group D, as determined on 56th day of their age. The difference was statistically significant. The mean liver weights of all the three treatment groups were lesser than the control group D. The variation was statistically significant.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0588,T] (1).
22.
Comparative Efficacy Of Various Drugs Used Against Equine Colic
by Hamad Bin Rashid | Dr.Khalid Pervez | Dr.Asim Aslam | Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: Horse is a delicate animal and has a marked tendency towards gastro-intestinal disorders. Unlike other diseases of equines, colic provides the horse a lot pain, the veterinarian and the horse owner much anguish and loss. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of hyoscine-n-butylbromide, pentazocine lactate and detomidine hydrochloride. Eighteen horses suffering from colic brought to the Veterinary Hospital, Lahore Race Club, Lahore and the Outdoor Hospital, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore were used in this study, while 6 normal horses were kept as control. rI1i diseased horses were randomly divided into A, B and C groups. The physical examination of the affected animals was performed to determine the degree of dehydration, PCV and concentration of serum electrolytes i.e. Sodium, Potassium, Chloride and Bicarbonate were measured before treatment, 1 hour and 2 hour post treatment by flame photometry.
In healthy animals PCV and serum electrolytes were in normal range. Increased PCV was observed in most of the affected horses (range 27-64% Mean 43.22%). One hour after the treatment the PCV ranged from 29.1-62.8% (Mean 43.82) while after 2 hours, It was 30.82-60.1% (Mean 43.77%). The lower values of PCV could be attributed to parasitic anaemia. Serum Sodium, Chloride and Bicarbonate concentrations were decreased i.e. 108-13 1 mEq/L (Mean 118.88), 70-91 mEq/L (Mean 79.26) and 23.3-31.1 mEq/L (Mean 26.67) respectively. While serum Potassium concentration was increased i.e. 3.0-5.4 mEq/L (Mean 4.25). One hour after the treatment the values of Nat, OF, HC03 and K were 108.8-132.4 (Mean 121.1), 74.1-94 (Mean 81.6), 24-31.4 (Mean 27.24), 3.3-5.2 mEq/L (Mean 4.39), respectively, while 2 hours after the treatment the values of Na, CF, HC03 and K were 109-133.1 (Mean 122.97), 74.5-99 (Mean 83.55), 24.5-31.9 (Mean 27.83) and 3.7-5.1 mEq/L (Mean 4.53) respectively. The efficacy of hyoscine-n-butylbromide was 100% within 5 hours post treatment. The efficacy of pentazocine lactate was 100% within 4 hours post treatment, while the efficacy of detomidine hydrochloride was 100% 4 hours post treatment. Among pentazocine and detomidine, the efficacy of detomidine was better as more horses recovered in the same time period as compared to pentazocine.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0599,T] (1).
23.
Synthesis And Evaluation Of Biological Properties Of Derivatives Of Cephalosporins
by Rehmat Ullah, Major | Dr.Muhammad Sabir | Dr.Haji Ahmad | Dr.Muhammad Raziq Ali.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: This study was aimed at preparation and evaluation of the biological properties of cephradine. Schiff base transition metal complexes of cephradine were prepared. In the first step Schiff bases were prepared by condensation of the primary amine with a carbonyl compound. For this purpose pyridoxal HCI and salicylaldehyde were used. In the next step the prepared Schiff bases were chelated with metal salts using copper acetate and zinc acetate, here metal binds to polydenate ligands to form the ring structure, where metal is the part of the ring. In this way a three dimensional molecule was obtained which exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity in some cases and depressed activity in the others. The complexes were subjected to biological evaluation to find out the minimum lethal concentration of the new complexes and then it was compared with the parent drug. The standard organisms of S. aureus, .E.coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa and . pneumoniae were used to study the antimicrobial activity. Cephradine complexes showed a depressed activity against S. aureus, . E.coli and P . aemginosa. But the activity of CPC and CSC derivatives was found ten times enhanced against
K. pneumoniae, when compared with the present drug. The haematological study revealed that the parent drug and the new derivatives did not have any deleterious effect upon the total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin concentration, leukocytic count, differential leukocytic count i.e., lymphocytes and polyrnorphs (neutrophils). Thus the new compounds were found to be as safe as the parent drug itself.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0602,T] (1).
24.
A Study On The Effect Of Experimentally Induced Caecal Coccidiosis On Weight Gain Haematological Parameters In Broilers
by Irfan Ullah Khan | Dr.Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr.Muhammad Afzal | Dr.Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: The study was designed to observe the effect of experimentally induced coccidiosis on weight gain, FCR and somc blood parameters in broilers. For this purpose 90 day old broiler chicks were obtained from a local hatchery and reared under controlled managemental, coccidia free conditions upto 42 days of age. A commercial coccidiostat free feed and water were provided ad Jib. The birds were divided into three groups A, 13 and C, comprising of 30 birds each. The birds in group A were kept as non-infected, un-medicated control, the group B as infected and unniedicated, while group C as infected and treated with salinomycin (Coxistac 6%; Pfizer). Coxistac 6% at a doze rate of 50 grams per feed bag was provided and the resufts were studied. The chicks of group 13 and C were given oral dozes of 40,000 sporulated oocysts of jjmeria ej.eJi at the age of day 20 and 35.
There was no oocyst excretion in faeces of birds in group A, OPG of faeces in group B was higher than in group C. The OPG of faeces reached the peak during 2nd week post-infection in both the infected groups. 'Phe higher mortalit.y in the infected group 13 (20%) than in group-C (1 0%) was observed, while no mortality was recorded in group A. On postmortem it was observed that the caeca were swollen, on incision petcchial hacmorrhagcs were seen on walls of the caeca and lungs and liver of the infected carcasses were dehydrated and pale.
The group A showed highest weight gain than groups B and C. however, the group C (infected treated) showed better weight gains than group 13 (Infected). Feed conversion ratio in groups A, 13 and C were significantly different. Group A being uninfected gave the best FCR followed by birds in group C, which were medicated while birds in group B gave the poorest values.
The haemoglobin and TEC values in the infected group B were low and were normal for group A. However, the birds of group C also showed lower values as compared to group A. It was observed that the percentage of heterophils and monocytes increased, while the number of lymphocytes, basophils and eosinophils decreased in the blood of the infected groups.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0603,T] (1).
25.
Prevalence Of Mixed Infection Of Hematodes & Cestodes In Sheep, Its Chemotherapy & Effect On Certain Blood
by Jawaria Ali Khan | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr.Asif Rabbani | Dr.iftikhar Gul Ahmad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: A Study was conducted to assess the effects of albendazole and oxfendazolc agaitist mixed infection of nematodes and cestodes in naturally infected sheep on he bases of post medical ion reduction of egg per grain oF ficces and its certain blood ComponentS. The animals were emaciated in diarrhoeal condition rough body coat and progressive loss of weight.
Three hundred sheep were selected. I 24 sheep showed positive infection. Out of 1 24 sheep 30 sheep were positive fir mixed infection of nematodes and cestodes. They were divided into three groups each containing 10 animals naturally infected A, 13 & C while group 1) was kept non-infected and non-medicated, Group A was treated vith albendazole (Albavel, tab I 52mg Medi Vet) 5mg/Kg bw orally. Group 13 was treated with oxlcn(lazote (Oxafax suspension, Glaxo, Wellcome) 5mg/Kg b.w orally. Group C kept as mfecte(l untreated control while group 1) was uninfected untreate(l negative control group.
The egg per gram 1ieccs was formed on the fl, 31(1 and day of treatment which indicated (hat both drugs were effective against G .1 .T nematodes and cestodes infection.
The chemotheraputic examination Showed that egg per gram of faeces in group A, B & C were 2683, 2561 and 2712 respectively on 0 day while group D examined nil being control non-infectcd group. The EPG in group A. B, C was nil, 122, 2740,respectively, on 3rd day and on 10th day nil, 114, 2973 respectively. While in group D the egg per gram of faces was zero due to uninfective negative control group.
The haematological Studies showed that the average haematological values were increased toward nor vial with treatment in group A & B. There was fall in the haemoglobin value in untreated infected group C during experiment while iii group D, there was no significant change in haemoglobin levels which was almost same throughout the experiment.
The total leukocyte count returned towards iii all groups normal except group C. The differential leukocytic count, the Basophils decreased, lymphocytes increased and Neutrophils, Fosinophils and Monocytes showed variation in their number. No side effects in both medicines were recorded tInting experiment.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0605,T] (1).
26.
Post Vaccinal, Observation In Lymphoidal, Organs (Bursa, Spleen, Thymus) Of Broiler Chicks Inoculated
by Shajeela Irum | Dr.Sameera Akhtar | Dr.Muhammad Amin Sheikh | Dr.Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a viral infection of chickens, causing degeneration of bursa of Fabricius and producing suppression in humoral immune response. Different vaccines are available in the market for mass scale immunization of chickens. Some contain more virulent and invasive strains than the others. Since the primary site of infection and inducement of lesions by IBDV is the hursa of Fabricius, the effect on the immune system may be significantly suppressive. This study compared two intermediate (228-E and BUR 706) and a mild (Gumborol CT) vaccinal strains of IBDV in terms of their ability to induce an antibody response and to cause damage to different lymphoid organs in chickens.
A total of 250 chicks (divided into 4 groups) were vaccinated with different strains of IBDV and the antibody levels were monitored using indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test every week post-vaccination upto 5 weeks. IHA revealed that the vaccinated with 228-E or BUR-706 had significantly higher antibody titers (GMT 8.0, 7.7, respectively) as compared to Gumborol CT vaccinated birds (GMT 3.0) on 35 days post-inoculation, On day 25 post-vaccination, some birds from each group were challenged with a fully virulent field strain of IBDV, to study whether the antibody levels were protective than the unvaccinated ones. Furthermore intermediate strains were found to be more damaging to the bursae and spleens than the milder one since lower bursal and splenic body weight ratios were recorded in them.
The study suggested the use of intermediate strains a vaccine since they induced high antibody titers as compared to that of the milder strain. However, more invasive and pathogenic intermediate strains used in this study caused more damage to the lymphoid organs harbouring B cells. So the need exists for an effective infectious bursal disease vaccine, low in virulence, which could be applied by a mass vaccination in chickens conferring excellent protection against the disease with minimum immunosuppressive effects.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0606,T] (1).
27.
A Population Based Active Disease Surveilance And Drug Trials Of Mastitis In Cattle And Buffaloes Of District Sargodha
by Ghulam Murtaza Arshad | Dr.Muhammad Athar Khan | Dr.Muhamad Sarwar Khan | Dr.Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: An active surveillance was conducted in Sial Sharif, 134-S.B., Bhabra, Bir Bal Sharif and private farm of district Sargodha on prescribed Questionnaires over a period of one year to determine the incidence of mastitis. Sub-clinical mastitis, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, efficacy of drugs i.e. Farmox (Amoxycillin Trihydrate), Floxatryl (Norfioxacin), Tyloject (Tylosin), Tribrissen (Suiphadiazine and Trimethoprim) and Rasomycine (Oxytetracycline MCI) under field condition and ocnnoniicnl losses due to mastitis at a farmer level.
In total adult female buffalo and cattle population 1784 and 747, the incidence rate of clinical mastitis in buffalo and cattle was 25.67 and 18-20% respectively, while 12(20%), 55(23.91%), 76(24.43%), 240(26.84%) and 75(25.95%) in Private farm, Sial Sharif, 134-S.B., Bhabra and Bir Bal Sharif respectively, the incidence rate of clinical mastitis in cattle was 12.5%, 16.84%, 17.64%, 19.88% and 19.44% in Private farm, Sial Sharif, 134-S.B., Bhabra and Bir Pal Sharif respectively. The incidence rate of mastitis in fore and Hind Quarter was 34.34 and 60.78% respectively. While 29 (4.88%) case were also recorded in which both quarters were effected.
The incidence rate of mastitis was highest 39.05% in animals of 7-9 lactation number. The incidence rate of mastitis was also higher 50.16% in early stage of lactation. The incidence of mastitis in right and left quarter was non-significant.
The overall prevalence of subclinical mastitis in buffalo was 32.22%, while 20%, 33.33%, 30%, 38.46% and 27.77% in group Private farm, Sial Sharif, 134-SB, Bhabra and Bir Bal Sharif, respectively. The incidence rate of subclinical mastitis in cow was
29.29% while 20%, 28.57%, 33.33%, 30.55% and 29.41% in group A, B, C, D and E respectively.
Pathogen present in milk sample were susceptible to Tylosin, Amoxycillin, Norfloxacin, Sulphadi azine and Trimethoprim and Oxytetracycline. The comparative drugs efficacy were Farmox 85%, Floxatryl 55%, Rasomycin 35%, Tribrissen 75% and Tyloject 90%.
The total economical losses due to mastitis was Rs.5539100. The total economic losses due to mastitis at a farmer level was Rs.8405 per annum.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0608,T] (1).
28.
A Study On The Prevalence Of Disease And Other Problems Related To Managemental Practices During
by Akhtar, M | Dr.Muhammad Saleem Ch | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Aslam Bhatti.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: A study on the prevalence of diseases and other problems related to the managemental practices during brooding in broilers was carred out in Muzaffarabad and Mirpur districts of Azad Jammu and Kashmir during the months from May, 1999 to September, 1999. The data was collected through a questionnaire (Appendix-i) from 60 farmers i.e. 30 from each district selected randomly. Various parameters regarding the farming structure in the project area, location and dimensions of farms/sheds, brooding management, feed and feeding, watering, lighting schedule, equipment, litter managemental practices, biosecurity and sanitation, vaccines and vaccination, disease problems during brooding, health cover, mortality, relative humidity, ventilation control, purchase of day old chicks, extension services availability, labour management and farmer's suggestions for broiler farming improvement, were studied.
Mostly the farmers (55%) were having an educational level upto Matric and a few farmers were above Matric. Construction of sheds differed in Muzaffarabad and Mirpur districts due to different climatic conditions and availability of materials. Most of the farmers(61.7%) had no separate brooder houses and those who had brooder houses did not give attention to ventilation system. There was lack of knowledge about advanced brooding managemental practices among the farmers. Improper feeding and watering space was given to chicks during brooding. Disease outbreaks were observed even after vaccination due to poor vaccination practices. Lack of sanitation and biosecurity resulted in outbreaks of many diseases such as omphalitis, ]. ij, Gumboro, coryza, Newcastle Disease etc. at many farms during brooding period. The farmers mostly depended upon labour and did not manage their farms, which resulted into losses. Most of the farmers blamed market fluctuation, while some blamed the low quality of feed, chicks and vaccines which resulted in decline in poultry farming.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0611,T] (1).
29.
Effect Of Probiotics & Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicates On The Performance Of Broilers
by Iftikhar Hussain Akram | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr.Javed | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: This project was designed to observe the effects of Probiotics and Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicates on the growth, weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and the antibody titers of N.D. vaccine in broiler chicks.
For this, 360 chicks from SB chicks were purchased and were divided into four groups each comprising 90 chicks and furthermore each group was divided into three replicates in each having 30 chicks in it. The experiment lasted for forty two days. The birds were vaccinated according to the program of Rhone Merieux. The probiotic ( Protexin ) was given in group A @ 0.1% in feed and Mycotoxin (Mycoad ) was used in group B 0.2%, in group C ( combination of ProtexinO. 1%+Myco-ad 0.2% ) was given and group D was kept as control. The experiment was carried out at the level of 50ppb on aflatoxins. The use of probiotics and HSCAS is really beneficial in broiler production. The probiotics caused more weight gain (1925 gms. ) and better feed efficiency (F.C.R.2.2 ). On the other side, the results in case of HSCAS were really appreciating as there was controlled mortality (2.2%) acceptable weight gain (186 1.7gms.) and F.C.R.(2.13).
To use the product was also economical but in case of brobiotiscs it was uneconomical to use. The combination of both product gave very poor results which was, perhaps, due to antagonistic effect of both. The titers in group B where HSCAS was used, were found excellent ( day 28:35.2 GMT, day 35:4 1.6 GMT, day 42:46.4 GMT) as compare to control( day 28:20.8GMT, day 35:17.6 GMT, day 42:15.2GMT). So the group B (HSCAS ) gave the excellent performance in terms of weight gain, F.C.R., mortality % and remained quite protective throughout the experimentation against the N.D. disease.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0614,T] (1).
30.
Serodiagnosis & Chemotherapy Of Haemonchosis In Sheep & Its Effect On Various Blood Parameters
by Saeed, M | Dr.Iftikhar Gul Ahmad | Dr.Asif Rabbani | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: The present project was carried out to check the prevalence of H. contortus with Double Immuno Diffusion (DID) test and coprological technique, to test the anthelmintic efficacy of Albendazole and Levamisole and to study the effect of haemonchosis on blood parameters.
For this purpose faccal sample and blood sample from 150 naturally infected sheep were processed through coprological examination and DID test. Out of 150 animal 107 were found positive with coprological studies and 81 with DID test, so the prevalence was recorded as 71.34% and 54% respectively. Out of positively animal, 60 were divided into A, B and C groups with the heavy infection in A awl B groups. Each animal of group A was given Albendazole (Albenzole granule; Selmore) (4mg/kg) and group B was drenched Levamisole (Nayverm; Syrnans) (5mg/kg) while C group was kept as control (untreated). The efficacy of Albendazole and Levarnisole was 90.2% and 62.06% respectively.
Hematological parameters showed significant increase in haemoglobin (1-Ib) concentration and Packed cell volume (PCV) after treatment.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0615,T] (1).
31.
Comp;Arative Efficacy Of Ivermectin, Levamisole And Levamisole Plus Cobalt Against Gastro Intestinal Nematodes Of Sheep Under Field Conditions In District Kohat
by Zahir Shah | Dr.Iftikhar Gul Ahmad | Dr.Haji Ahmad | Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: The present project was designed to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy and effect of treatment on weight gain of sheep. Fighty sheep of local breed aged 8-10 months positive for gastro-intestinal nematodes were selected from surrounding areas of district 1(ohat (N.W.F.P) and were divided into 4 groups (20 animals in each group). Group A, B and C were given Ivermectin (0.2mg/kg body s/c), Levarnisole 7.5 mg/kg body orally) and Levamisole plus Cobalt (7.5 mg/kg body weight orally) respectively and group U remained as untreated control group.
Egg per gram (EPG) of faeces were recorded on "0" day before treatment and on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days after treatment.. The efficacy of these drugs were evaluated on the basis of reduction of eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces after medication. These drugs showed a progressive decrease in the faecal egg counts. The percent efFicacy of Tvermectin, Levamisole and Levamisole plus Cobalt on 7th, day after medication was 100%, 98.65% and 98.73% respectively and on 14th, 21st and 28th days, the efficacy of all drugs was 100%. rIIIere was no significant difference (P<0.01) in effectiveness of the drugs.
However, there was highly significant difference (P<0.01 between treated and control groups.
The Weights of animals were recorded on "0" day before medication and on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days after medication. The average weight gain in group A, B and C was 1.8kg, 2.10kg and 3.21kg respectively and the percentage of increase in live weight was 6.57% in group A, 7.63% in group B and 12% in group C. Whereas members of control group reduced their weight by 1.68kg. There was highly significant difference (P<0.01) among the treatments as well as the control group.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0616,T] (1).
32.
Comparative Efficacy Of Different General Anaesthetics With & Without Surgical Intervention In Dogs
by Faisal Ibrahim Khan | Dr.Muhammad Arif Khan | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: These days the scope of anaesthesia is consistently increasing due to increase in surgical patients" in veterinaty practice. This change in trend is. due to the awareness of the owners to different surgical problems and their solutions. They do "not hesitate to get their animals treated with modem equipments and highly expensive medicine. To meet this challenge and demand of the owners, veterinary surgeons are taking keen interest to get the advanced knowledge and tatest information of modem equipments and their usage in veterinary practice.
In the past surgery was perfonned by making tempormy insensibility by asphyxiation, cerebral concussion by striking wooden bowl placed.over the head with a hammer and regional aneathesia was attained by compression of nerves and blood vessels of the region to he operated upon. But these days different sedative and anaesthetic agents are being used to make the animal desensitize from all extemal stimuli. These drugs are available in volatile, nonvolatile and gaseous forms. The usage of anaesthetic agent entirely depends upon the species, age, weight, temperament of the patient, nature of the operation to be perf01med, cost and availability of the drug.
In this project tlu°ee different general anaesthetics were tried in 18 animals of canine species to find out the best selection of anaesthesia with and without surgical interventions. The animals were divided into three major groups of six. animals each. These groups were designed as A, Band C. The major gronps were further divided into sub groups At, A2, Bl, B2, Cl and C2 respectively. Sub group was anaesthetized with pentothal sodium without surgery, sub groups B1 with ketamine and sub groups C1 with halothane gas anaesthesia. In sub groups A2, B2 and C2 surgical operations castration was performed with their respective general anaesthetics. The efficacy of these general anaesthetics was measured on the bases of nature of induction, recumbency period, nature of recovery, temperature, pulse TLC, TEC, PVC, Hb, ALT AST, Serum Creatinine, Serum Urea and Statistical analysis of results.
The analysis of results collected during the study clearly indicated that halothane gas anaesthesia was a better selection for anaesthetizing canine patients for minor and major surgeries.
It was concluded that halothane gas anaesthesia should he used for all types of major surgical procedures in canine practice.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0617,T] (1).
33.
The Prevalence And Taxonomy Of Toxocara Canis Alongwith Associated Haemotological Changes In Naturally
by Chatha, Capt. Muhammad Athar | Dr.Asif Rabbani | Dr.Muhammad Afzal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: Toxocariasis is a common disease of carnivores throughout the world and is caused by Toxocara canis.The larvae of the parasite have been identified as the most frequent etiologic agent of Visceral larva migrans, which is primarily a paediatric disease.
In view of the zoonotic importance of the parasite, the present study was conducted to assess the incidence, taxonomy of the species of the genus Toxocara and their effects on various blood parameters of the infected canines.
For above purpose, samples were collected from dog hospital, College of Veterinary Sciences, the faecal and blood samples were stored in the refrigerator, of Parasitology Laboratory (C. V. S. Lahore).
Only those dogs which had high prevalence in Toxocara canis were examined by different faecal examination methods and were selected to get mature worms, after killing the dogs. Preservation and clearing of worms were carried out by adopting the prescribed methods. The taxonomy of the species of the genus Toxocara was studied with the help of morphological keys.
The collective over all prevalence of different types of Toxocara canis recorded in stray and pet dogs was 39 5% The species of Toxocara identified in our area were: Toxocara canis, and Toxocara Leonina.
Blood of infected dogs were exposed to various haematological studies including Fib estimation, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC) and differential leukocyte count (DLC).
Haematological examinations were made to compare the blood picture of healthy and infected dogs. For this purpose , blood samples each from healthy and infected dogs were examined.
The results of haematological examination showed a significant decrease in haemoglobin estimastion, total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume Whereas a significant increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate total leukocyte count and differential leukocyte count , like neutrophils , eosinophils and very little increase in basophils was also seen.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0621,T] (1).
34.
Synthesis And Evaluation Of Bioilogical Properties Of Derivatives Of Ceftriaxone Sodium
by Shahid Zaigham | Dr.Muhammad Sabir | Dr.Muhammad Razaq Ali.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0622,T] (1).
35.
A Study On The Effect Of Gnrh Analogue On Anovulation In Repeat Breeding Cross Bred Cows And Their Conception Rate
by Asif Rafiq | Prof.Dr.Rashid Ahmed Ch | Dr.Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Dr.Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: The incidence of repeat breeding is high in cross-bred cows due to low LH level in the blood at the time of estrous. In this study Dalmarelin a GnRH analogue which induces ovulation in cows was used. Nine healthy animals with the history of repeat breeding and clinically normal genital tract were selected at the Livestock Production and Research Institute, Qadirabad, Okara. These animals were injected with dalmarelin (Lecirelin), at the dose rate of 2 ml IM. The injection was given on the zero day of estrous and later animals were inseminated artificially. Two blood samples were collected from these animals, one before the injection and artificial insemination i.e. on the zero day of estrous and the second at 10th day after the injection of Lacirelin for the detection of plasma progesterone concentration. Results indicated that five animals i.e. 55.5% had conceived. Similarly when detected 12 hours after the end of estrous five animals had ovulated out of which three animals were conceived. Finally, these animals were palpated rectally on the 90th day after artificial insemination and five animals with high concentration of progesterone on the 10th day, were, detected positive for pregnancy. None of the control animals ovulated and conceived.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0623,T] (1).
36.
Studies On Duration Of Maternally Derived Antibodies Against Pasteurella Multocida In Cow Calves
by Asim Khalid Mahmood | Dr.Muhammad Amin Sheikh | Dr.Sameera Akhtar | Dr.Shakil Akhtar | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: Haemorrhagic septicaemia, an important bacterial disease of buffaloes and cattle results due to infection of Pasteurella multocida. Undoubtedly improved management practices and regular vaccination programme has significantly contributed to lowering the incidence of the disease in our country, however, presently the outbreaks are mostly experienced in young animals, especially, calves (Sheikh et at., 1996). The present project was designed to have an idea regarding the actual period for which maternally derived antibodies were able to afford protection against any possible challenge of the infection. The study was conducted on thirty pregnant, randomly selected Sahiwal breed of cattle, maintained at Livestock Production and Research Institute, Okara. The serum samples of the vaccinated pregnant cows were collected before parturition and before the feeding of colostrum to young one. The serum samples of the calves were collected once before taking colostrum immediately after parturition and the subsequent samples were collected six hours, 72 hours, 15 days, 30 days, 45 days and 60 days after consuming colostrum. The processing of the samples for the detection of specific antibodies against P. multocida was carried out through Indirect Haemagglutination. As the dams were vaccinated they showed a high antibody titre.
The starting result was the presence of antibodies in the serum of calves without the consumption of colostrums indicating the transfer of antibodies through the placenta from the dam's blood to the calf. The highest titre in the calves was recorded between 15 to 30 days of life and ultimately it dropped to zero at the age of 60 day after the consumption of colostrums.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0625,T] (1).
37.
Studies On Comparative Immune Response Of Broiler Chicken To Different Imported Live Infectious Bursal Disease
by Tariq Mehmood Shaukat | Dr.Muhammad Amin Sheikh | Dr.Sameer Akhtar | Dr.Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0626,T] (1).
38.
Concentration Of Serum Electrolytes In Buffaloes In The Late Pregnancy Parturition & Postparturition Periods
by Shahzad Hussain | Dr.Muhammad Amir Saeed | Dr.Muhammad | Prof.Dr Rashid ahmad ch | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: This study was executed on 30 pregnant Nili-Ravi buffaloes. Serum was harvested for the estimation of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and iron in the late pregnancy (at 8t5 and 9th month of gestation), at parturition and in the postpartum periods (at 1st and 2" month postpartum). The mean values of Ca were 9.30, 7.95, 6.90, 8.43 and 7.33 mg/dl and of Mg were 2.38, 2.18,.2.81, 2.61 and 2.50 mgldl of serum in the above mentioned 5 stages, respectively. The mean concentration of P was 6.98, 4,15, 3,177, 4,76 and 5.38 mg/dl, respectively. The mean concentrations of Na were 147.14, 145.71, 146.50, 141.37 and 137.69 mmol/1 and of K were 4.90, 4.53, 4.31, 4.53 and 4.38 (mmol/1) of serum, respectively. The mean value of Fe was 269,36, 225.58, 212.82, 260.77 and 282.31 pg/dl of serum, respectively. The concentrations of Ca and P were significantly (P< 0.05) lower at the time of parturition. The value of Mg was significantly (P<zO.05) higher at the time of parturition. The concentrations of Na and K did not show much variation. The values of Fe also decreased significantly (P<0.0S) near parturition (at month of gestation) and at parturition. No puerperal disorder was observed in any of the experimental animals. Hence, the data of normal electrolyte values near parturition, at parturition and following parturition was obtained.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0628,T] (1).
39.
Prevalence & Chemotherapy Of Ascariasis & Its Effect On Various Blood Parameters In Horses
by Saqlain Shah Bukhari | Dr.Khalid Pervez | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Prof.Dr.Muham | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: (Albendazole) was 64.95%, 52.26% and 44.02% on 7th, 14th and 21st day, respectively. Efficacy of Oxafax (Oxfendazole) was 99.18%, 98.36% and 97.95% on 7th, 14th and 21st day, respectively. Efficacy of Ivomec (Ivermectin) was 100%, 10O% and 100% on 7th, 14th and 21st day, respectively. It was concluded from above results that Ivermectin was found the most effective than Albendazole and Oxfendazole, while Oxfendazole showed better efficacy than Albendazole.
Haematological parameters showed reduction in total erythrocyte count (TEC), haemoglobin (Hb) level and packed cell volume (PCV).
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0629,T] (1).
40.
Use Of Gnrh To Improve The Conception Rate Of Nili Ravi Buffaloes During Low Breeding Season
by Ghulam Ahmad | Dr.Muhammad Ahmad Ch | Dr.Masood | Prfo.Dr.Rashid Ahmad Ch | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: In this study the main objective was to improve the conception rate of repeat breeder Nili-Ravi buffaloes during low breeding season by the use of GnRH (Dalmarelin) . For this purpose 21 .repeat breeder Nili-Ravi buffaloes were randomly selected and equally divided into three groups (A, B and C) Group A was treated with 2 ml Dalmarelin IM at the time of insemination, group B was treated with lml of Dalmarelin IM at the time of insemination and imi twelve hours of post insemination, while group C (control) received an injection of 2m1 normal saline IN at the time of insemination. The mean progesterone concentration in group A was 0.95 ng/ml, group B, it was 0.94 ng/ml and in group C, O.93ng/ml on the day of estrus (day 0), while progesterone concentration of group A was 1.16 ng/ml, group B, it was 1.089 ng/ml and in Group C, it was 1.07 ng/ml on the 10th day of estrus cycle. The conception rate was recorded as 42.8% in group A, 28.6% in group B and 14.3% in group C.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0630,T] (1).
41.
Determination Of Protective Level Of Specific Antibodies Against Pasteurella Multocida In Vaccinated Cattle
by Shahid Nasir | Dr.Muhammad Aamin Sheikh | Dr.Kamran | Dr.Sameera Akhtar | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: The study was conducted on cattle to determine the protective level of specific antibodies against Pasteurella multocida. In this experiment a total of 50 animals were used, maintained at Livestock Production Research Institute (LPRI), Bahadarnagar, 0 kara. Fifty animals were vaccinated with alum precipitated formalized broth culture bacterin vaccine procured from Veterinary Research Institute (VRI), Lahore with a dose rate of 5 ml subcutaneously per animal.
rrhirty of fifty animals randomly were bled for collection of their serum sample on day 0 i.e. before vaccination and thereafter every two weeks post-vaccination till 16 weeks of vaccination are covered. The serum were processed for knowing the specific antibodies against Pasteurella multocida at various stages post- vaccination by IHA test.
The protective level of the specific antibodies against a challenge inoculum of virulent strain of P. multocida Robert's type-I was determined by passive mouse protection (PMP) test. The sera representing each titre of specific antibodies against P.multocida were used for passive immunization of 30 mice prior to their challenge.
GMT value on day 0 i.e. before vaccination was 22.6. The maximum 104 GMT registered on 42' day post-vaccination. Thereafter a decline in titre commenced and titres recorded for 8th 10th, 12th 14th and 16th week post-vaccination included 97, 64, 32,
21.1 and 14.9, respectively.
The sera with indirect haemagglutination (IHA) titre of 1:16 and above protected 100% of the challenged mice and with IHA titre 1:8, 80% protection and sera with IHA titre of 1:4 and below could not survive and 100% mortality was observed and all control mice died in response to challenge.
The maximum individual titre developed was found to be 1:256 and minimum individual titre was found to be 1:4 . The result of this study indicated a great relationship in IHA and PMP tests.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0631,T] (1).
42.
Comparative Nutritional Evaluation Of Poultry By Product Meals Prepared By Two Separate Processes In Broilers
by Aftab Ahmad | Prof.Dr.Talat Naseer Pasha | Dr.Muhammad | Mr.Anjum Khalique.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: Protein as a second major factor in formulatiQn of poultry rations after energy. It is supplied by animal and vegetable sources. Animal protein supplement are superior in quality due to its more balanced amino acid profile but are costly. While vegetable proteins are cheaper but lacking in some amino acid and have some antiS nutritional factor. The animal protein supplements available in Pakistan are blood, fish, meat and PBPM. PBPM is abundantly available in Pakistan and it is prepared by using chicken feet, heads, viscera, feather skin and blood. And processing varies from organization to organization. PBPM is prepared by different organization such as M. Artal, BeBeJan and Kakasian.
PBPM has low cost and its CP and ME are comparable to fish meal, but it is low in lysine and methionine. Our present study was to compare the effect of processing of PBPM manufactured by BeBeJan and Kakasian feed industry. Both have different composition and different processing method of PBPM as blood was included in BeBeJan PBPM but it was absent in Kakasian.
The objective of study was to evaluate nutritional profile and quality of commercially available PBPM, the effect of processing on performance of broiler chicks. 240 day old Hubbard chicks were purchased from the local marked and were divided into 8 groups from A to H which were again subdivided into 3 replicates of 10 birds each. Eight experimental starter and 8 experimental finisher rations of A, B, C, 13 and E, F, G, H were prepared. A and E were the control group while B, C and D having 3, 6, 9% PBPM of BeBeJan and F, G, H having 3, 6, 9% PBPM of Kakasian were formulated and starter rations were fed to chicks upto 28 days of age while finisher was provided from 29 to 42 day of age. The feed was supplied to the chicks reared in cages at College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore. The proximate analysis of the rations was done. And the parameters studied were weekly weight gain, feed consumption, FCR. At the end of the experiment three birds from each group were slaughtered to observe the dressing percentage and weight of internal organs. The economics of the experiment was also calculated. The pepsin digestability of both the organizations PBPM was also recorded. The data thus collected was subjected to statistical analysis. The results indicated that in BeBeJan group there was a significant weight gain in control group A (O%PBPM) while in Kakasian it was significant in F group having 3% PBPM. While comparing both organization PBPM it was observed that F&H rations having Kakasian PBPM 3% and 9% were better than B and D ration having BeBeJan PBPM 3 and 9% regarding weight gain while FOR of BeBeJan it was better in control group A (0% PBPM) while in Kakasian it was better in F group having 3% PBPM. While comparing both organations it was observed that Kakasian PBPM showed better FCR than that of BeBeJan. And it might be due to processing and no adultration of blood in PBPM by Kakasian, while BeBeJan PBPM contained blood. The dressing percentage of control group was better than treated group while comapring both organizations PBPM was non-significant difference among the groups.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0632,T] (1).
43.
Prevalence Of Nematodes & Comparative Efficacy Of Albendazole, Mebendazole & Niclosamide Against Nematodes, In Wild Felidae
by Waqar Ali Khan | Dr.Khalid Pervez | Dr.Haji Ahmad | Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: The present study was conducted to estimate the efficacy of Bovisol (Albendazole), Vermox (Mebendazole) and Yomesan (Niclosamide) against nematodes i.e. Toxocara canis, Toxocara mystax and Ancylosloma braziliense in wild felidae, kept in captivity in Lahore Zoo and Lucky Irani Circus, because wild felidae are prone to a number of parasitic infection and zoological gardens served as permanent source of parasitic infestation.
A survey was carried out to estimate the prevalence of Toxocara canis, Toxocara mystax and Ancvlostoma braziliense in wild felidae kept in Lahore Zoo and Lucky Irani Circus. The incidence rate of these parasites was 84.62%, 84.62% and 69.23%, respectively in the Lucky Irani Circus; and 62.07%, 48.28% and 20.69%, respectively in the Lahore Zoo. All the animals showing infection were selected for therapeutic trials.
The anthelmintic trials were conducted on 19 and 13 wild felidae kept in the Lahore Zoo and Lucky Irani Circus, respectively. In each experimental Station, i.e. the Lahore Zoo and Lucky Irani Circus, four groups designated A, B, C and D were made. Groups A, B and C were treated with Bovisol (Albendazole), Vermox (Mebendazole) and Yomesan (Niclosamide), respectively. While one group i.e. D, was kept as control (untreated). The percent efficacy of each drug was determined on the basis of reduction in the number of ova discharged in the faeces of experimental animals on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day after medication.
Results showed that Vermox (Mebendazole) and Bovisol (Albendazole) are approximately equally effective against roundworms and hookworms. Efficacy of Yomesan (Niclosamide) did not show good results throughout the experiment. The efficacy of all the three anthelmintics lowered down with the passage of time.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0634,T] (1).
44.
A Study On The Evaluation Of Oxytetracycline Potentiation With Citric Acid, Calcium Sulphate & Terephthalic
by Adeel Sial, M | Dr.Iftikhar Gul Ahmad | Dr.Kamran | Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: Oxytetracycline (OTC) is administered frequently in veterinary field for the treatment of infectious diseases in large animals and small animals and in the birds. 11 is readily absorbed from the intestine by most mammals but intestinal absorption in poultry is restricted. This project was designed to get more beneficial effect of oxytetracycline in poultry by adding some potentiating substances like citric acid, terephthalic acid and calcium sulphate in the diet.
For this purpose 100 day old chicks were purchased from the local market. These were reared in the poultry house in the College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore. They were provided self prepared poultry ration and water ad-lihilum for three weeks. After three weeks these birds were randomly divided into five groups A, B, C, 0 and E comprising twenty birds each. Five (lilferent experimental rations were fed for one week to each group. Group. "A" was given the ration without oxytetracycIine and was kept as control. Group "B" was given the ration with 200mg oxytetracycline per kg of ration. Similarly Group "C" was given the ration with 200mg OTC and 200mg citric acid per kg of ration. Group "I.)" and "F" were fed on ration with 5.9gm terephthalic acid (0.59%) +200mg OTC per kg of ration and 8 gm calcium sulphate (8.0%) + 200mg OTC per kg of ration respectively. The blood samples were collected at 1st, 3rd and 7th day of treatment and serum concentration of oxytetracycline was measured by using the agar well diffusion method with Bacillus subtilis using as test organism. rllhe average values of concentration of OTC in serum of group, B were 0.807±0.56, 0.897±0.63 and 0.886±0.64 on 1st, 3rd and 7th day, which indicated increase from
3rd to 7th was not significant. In group "C" the average values of OTC concentration in serum were 1.366±0.66, 1.767±0.62 and 1.657±0.67 on 1st, 3rd and 7th day respectively, which indicated that citric acid had immediate potentiating affect when mixed with oxytetracycline. however, this effect remained constant during further days of treatment. Similarly the blood serum level of OTC in group I) and E was also increased by TPA and calcium sulphate used a potentiating agents. however, these agents are not SO effective primarily as citric acid in group C.
The result of the present study suggest that oxytetracycline concentration remains constant during all the days of treatment if it is supplemented alone in ration. however, in the presence of other drugs or salts used alongwith it as potentiating agents its concentration in the blood varies according to the nature of the drug or salt incorporated.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0636,T] (1).
45.
Standardization Of Indirect Haemagglutination Test For Surveillance Of Antibodies To Mycoplasma Capri
by Shaukat Ali | Dr.Muhammad Amin Sheikh | Dr.Asif Rabbani | Dr.Khushi Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: The present study was carried out to standardize indirect haemagglutination test for surveillance of antibodies against Mycoplasma capri. The Mvconlasma mvcoides sub species capri strain PG3, procured from Veterinary Research Institute, Quetta was used as antigen in the test. The strain was processed for its optimal growth in brain heart infusion broth and subsequently developed into an oil based vaccine for raising hyperimmune serum in the rabbit. The titre of the latter was made a base for knowing influence of various factors to be studied.
The factors examined included the antigen dilution to sensitize erythrocytes, nature and concentration of coupling agent (Tannic acid, glutaraldehyde), source of erythrocytes, interaction time and temperature.
One percent sheep and human group 'O' erythrocytes sensitized with antigeh through tannic acid concentration of 0.5% in phosphate buffer saline at 37oC for 10 minutes gave a titre respectively of 1:64 and 1:16.
None of the tannic acid concerntrations used (0.5, 0.05, 0.005%) sensitized poultry erythrocytes with antigen at either time interaction.
All the various glutaradehyde concentrations used (0.1, 0.2, 0.25, 0.5%) were unable to sensitize erythrocytes, with antigen, irrespective of the source concerned i.e. sheep, human or poultry sources.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0637,T] (1).
46.
Effect Of Feeding Of Canola Meal On The Performance Of Layers
by Imran Hassan | Dr.Javed Ahmad Qureshi | Dr.Muhammad | Prof.Dr.Nisar Ahmad.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: Canola a genetically improved variety of rapeseed after extraction of oil, as a meal, is the best supplement protein source among the vegetable protein sources which can be incorporated in different classes of poultry rations.
The present experiment was conducted to study the long term effect of canola meal feeding on the performance of 216 layer chicks from 19th 29th weeks. The birds were divided into six main groups, having 36 layers each and further sub-divided into 3 replicates of 12 layers each. Each replicate was treated as an experimental unit. All the managemental programs like, feeding, watering, vaccination, lighting and temperature were provided according to the recommended requirements for Babcock B300 layers.
Six experimental rations, A, B, C, D, E and F were prepared containing 0, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15% canola meal in the layer mash, while with the same designation of rations, 0, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21% canola meal containing starter and grower rations were fed during the previous phase of the project (Phase-I). The rations were formulated and provided according to the Babcock B300 strain requirement.
In this project, effect of feeding different levels of canola meal was checked in lieu of soybean meal on feed consumption, feed efficiency (Kilogram of feed per dozen eggs) egg production, weight of twelve eggs, egg shell thickness, chemical composition of eggs, organoleptic evaluation and economics.
Feed consumption, per dozen egg weight and egg production were significantly lower (P<O.01) with rations containing different canola meal levels as compared to soybean meal diet. While best feed conversion ratio (kilograms of feed per dozen eggs) was observed with canola meal containing ration that is significantly lower (P<O.01) as compared to soybean meal containing diet. Egg shell thickness was also significantly higher (P <0.01) with rations containing canola meal as compared to soybean meal.
Chemical composition and organoleptic evaluation of the eggs from the hens fed on soybean meal or canola meal containing ration did not show any pronounced effect. While the economics of the experimental rations indicated that rations contain canola meal were cheaper as compared to soybean meal containing rations. The overall picture of the whole experiment revealed that canola meal can replace completely soybean meal in laying phase. But it has little problem of poor feed intake which was may be due to picking problem of the birds due to smaller particle size of canola meal.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the present study following are the recommendations:
1. With the energy compensation of the layer ration canola meal can be incorporated upto 15% dietary level.
2. A wide range of glucosinolates is present in canola quality of rapeseed i.e. 1-3O.smol/gm DM meal. It is very critical for formulation.
3. Canola meal should be incorporated in layer mash ration after pelleting in order to avoid the low feed intake problem.
CONCLUSIONS
Results of the present study reveals that canola is one of the best vegetable protein sources that can replace completely soybean meal in the layer diets with respect to the performance of the birds upto 30th week of age.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0639,T] (1).
47.
Preparation And Evaluation Of Inactivated Infectious Bronchitis Virus Vaccine
by Tajammal Hussain | Dr.Muhammad Akram Munir | Dr.Khushi Muhammad | Dr.Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: The Live attenuated infectious bronchitis H-120 vaccinal strain virus (Biotech) was purchased and processed in the Microbiology Laboratory, college of Veterinary Sciences Lahore, for vaccine preparation. For this purpose harvesting of virus, ETD5O, inactivation of fluid. Safety and Sterility testing was done. The virus grow in embryonated chicken eggs with E1D50 was 10 5.16/mi. An oil-based lB vaccine was prepared by mixing one part of the AAF with 4 part of the oil-base. The oil base contained 4 percent emulsifier (Span 80). The vaccine thus prepared from the virus which commonly present in Pakistan in layers and broilers. The cost of the vaccine production was Rs.463/bottle (1000 doses) compared to Rs.2000/bottle of imported vaccine.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0651,T] (1).
48.
A Study On Stress Induced Effects In Broilers After Vaccination (Angavag) Against Hydropericadium Syndrome
by Muhammad Yasin Tipu | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Dr.Asim Aslam | Dr.Muhammad Aslam | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: The main aim of this study was evaluation of vaccination (Angavac) stress against hydropericardium syndrome with an oil- based vaccine and possible measures to check that stress. For this purpose one hundred and seventy chicks (day-old) were randomly divided into four groups namely, A, B, C and D. Each group comprised of forty birds while ten birds were used to collect serum samples for evaluation of maternal antibody titre in the chicks. Group "A" was kept as control while group B, C and D were vaccinated against Hydropericardium syndrome (HPS). Group "B" was kept as such while group C and D were supplemented with multi-vitamins and aspirin respectively in drinking water. Blood samples were collected at 24, 48 and 72 hours post vaccination from ten randomly selected birds from each group to study heterophil/ lymphocyte ratio and change in serum chemistry i.e. (protein, glucose and cholesterol). Blood serum was also collected from 10 randomly selected birds of each group an day 14, 28 and 42 of the experiment to see the level of antibody titre in the groups. Adrenal/body weight ratio, pathological examination of adrenal gland and economics of the flock was also studied at the end of experiment. Vaccine did not cause any significant stress in broilers. However, multivitamin therapy gave better growth traits and increased profit.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0656,T] (1).
49.
Comparative Immune Response Of Anticoccidial Monovalent And Polyvalent Vaccines On Nd Vaccinated Broiler
by Wajiha Maqsood | Dr.Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr.Muhammad | Dr.Muhammad Afzal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2001Dissertation note: The study was conducted to estimate the immune response of the three anticoccidial virus vaccines on NDV vaccinated broiler chicks. The vaccines used were, Eirneria tenella vaccine (ETV), Immucox and Coccivac. For this purpose a total of one hundred and five chicks were randomly divided into five groups, namely group A, B, C, D and E on day I Each group consisting of twenty one birds. All the chicks except those in group A, were occulonasally vaccinated with Newcastle disease virus vaccine using Mukteswar strain of virus on day I and 2 1
Chicks in group A were kept as non-i nfectecl, non-vaccinated controls. Group B was non-infected, hut vaccinated with NDV. group C was also vaccinated with Eimeria tenella vaccine on days 3 and 10 of age. Group D was administered with single dose of Immucox on day 5th of age and, group E was administered with Coccivac on day 6111.
After vaccination weekly mean weightgains, mean oocysts per gms of faeces (OPG), and mean feed conversion ratio of chicks in all the groups were recorded. Regular sera samples were also collected from the blood obtained from birds of all the groups, after administration of second dose of NDV on day 21 of age. All the sera samples were analyzed by using Haernagglutination (HA) and Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests.
obtained from birds of all the groups, after administration of second dose of NDV on day 21 of age. All the sea samples were analyzed by using Haemagglutination (HA) and Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests.
It was observed that no coccidiosis could be established in chicks of groups A, B and C. However oocysts were observed in the faecal material of chicks of group D and E after one week of administration of anticoccidial vaccines (immucox and coccivac) respectively. But OPG was gradually increase after second week of vaccination and one bird in group D died due to coccidiosis, OPG count reached to a peak after second week of vaccination and one bird in group D and one in group F died due to coccidiosis.
Mean weight gains per chick on day 1 was 41, 42, 40, 39 and 38 of groups A, B, C, D and F respectively. however the mean body weights were 1746, gms 1848, 1725, 1710 and 1695 gms for chicks in groups A, B, C, D and E respectively at Group B showed significant weight gain as compared to other groups and their difference of weight gain from group B was, 103, 123, 138, and 153 gms of groups A, C, D and F respectively. (P > 0.05).
Feed conversion ratio of groups A. B, C, D and F was 1.85, 1.99, 1 .88, 1.77 and 1.78 respectively at the end of experiment. Group B and C showed the best FCR as compared to other groups of the same age. But statistically the differences were non-signiFicant amongst all the test groups.
Morphometeric analysis of immuno modulatory organs revealed that group B showed highest organ weight and the organ body ratio as compared to other groups of same age at the end of experiment Besides group B, group C also showed the second highest of the organ body weights and the organ body ratios, as compared to other anticoccidial vaccinated groups D and E and among them group C showed the highest of organ weight and organ body ratio.
Antibody analysis revealed that geometric mean titre (GMT) in the chicks of group B (NDV vaccinated control group) showed the highest value (73.3) as compared to other groups of same age at the end of experiment. However group C showed the second highest value (68.6) on 49th day. Where as other anticoccidial vaccinated groups D and E showed their GMT value as 21.1 and 22.6 respectively, and antibody titre of group A (non-infected non vaccinated control group) was zero at the end of experiment.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0660,T] (1).
50.
Study Of Changes In Hematological Laboratory Profile Induced By Vinorelbine In Cancer Patients
by Taha Nazir | Prof.Dr.Saghir Ahmad Jafri | Dr.Muhammad Mehmood Khan | Prof.Dr.Muham.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: The present study was carried to investigate the hematological alterations in the patients diagnosed as cancer and were administered vinorelbine as part of their chemotherapy at Shoukat khanum memorial cancer hospital and research centre. It was carried in the chemotherapy department, pathology laboratory, medical record section, pharmacy department, and data processing department of the hospital. For investigating there were a total of 60 adult cancer patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCL), metastatic breast cancer (MBC), and cancer of cervix (CC), with age between 24 to 71 years (Mean±SEM: 42.73±2.69) selected. Which were divided into two groups: Group - I for those patients who were on the treatment protocol of Vinorelbine alone (25 mg/m2/day one, weekly x 4) and group - II for those patients who were on treatment protocol of Vinorelbine base combinations Vinorelbine/Doxorubicin (Vinorelbine - 20 mg/m2/day one and day eight, Doxorubicin - 50 mg/m2/day one only) and Vinorelbine/Cisplatin (Vinorelbine - 20 mg/m2/day one and day eight, Cisplatin - 40 mg/m2/day one only). The Laboratory tests (C.B.C.) of all the patients were performed in the Pathology Laboratory of the hospital. After completion of the study, the collected Hematological values were statistically analyzed by student pair test. By the overall comparison of mean values over time, there were significant leukopenia (neutrophile, eosinophil, & monocyte), anemia and decreased hematocrit value observed in the patients on chemotherapy protocol of Vinorelbine alone and significant leukopenia (neutrophile only), anemia and decreased hematocrit value and hemoglobine conc. observed in the patients on chemotherapy protocol of Vinorelbine based combinations. By an independent comparison of mean values of two groups at every week, there were significantly higher toxicities 1 e leukopenia at week-3 (neutrohpil at week-3, eosinophil at weekI, lymphocyte at week-i &2) and thrombocytopenia at week-i observed in the patients on the treatment protocol of Vinorelbine based combinations. When the mean values observed before therapy were compared with that of at week-4 of both of the groups, there were significant decreases noted in TLC, neutrophil count, monocyte count, erythrocyte count, hemotocrit value and Hb conc in the patients on treatment protocol of Vinorelbine alone, and erythrocyte count, hemotocrit value and hemoglobine conc. in the patients on treatment protocol of Vinorelbine based combinations. It is concluded from this study that, there is insignificant difference in the overall hematological toxicities produced by both of the chemotherapy protocols. The clinical oncologist, consultant physicians and pharmacist, therefore now suggested to select the either of the of the chemotherapy protocol with respect of the therapeutic efficacy only
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0661,T] (1).
