1.
Effect Of Different Physical Form Of Feed And Feeding Systems On The Incidence Of Ascities In Broilers
by Mr.Anjum Khalique | Dr.Talat Naseer Pasha | Mr.Shahid.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: Ascites is a serious problem in broiler industry throughout the world. It has been linked to hypoxia, low temperature, quality of chick, quality of feed, feed intake and physical form of the feed. Triggers of ascites are those which increases blood flow in the lungs enough to cause pulmonary hypertension. This leads to right ventricular valve failure, following right valvular insufficiency of oxygen requirement, heat production and metabolic rate are closely linked to blood flow by increasing blood viscosity therefore lack of oxygen also causes ascites.
The diet is an important trigger of the ascites. High protein and energy level, higher feed intake and dense rations (pellets) increase metabolic rate and trigger the ascites syndrome, whereas the effect of reduced feed intake lowers the incidence of ascites in the mash feeding while increased feed intake as well as chemical changes during pelleting may be the cause of ascites.
Present experiment was conducted to ascertain the causes of ascites while using pelleted and mash feed to minimize the loss of poultry sector caused by this syndrome. One hundred and sixty day old chicks were divided into 4 groups fed on four starter and finisher rations designated as Al, A2, Bi and B2. Ration Al was pellet restricted, A2 was mash restricted, Bi was pelleted ad-lib and B2 was mash ad-lib. Starter rations were fed for 35 days and finisher rations for the remaining 21 days to all four (Al, A2, Bi and B2) groups having four replicates of each 10 chicks. Results indicated that maximum weight gain was recorded in bird fed on ration Bi which was pelleted ad-libitum group. While lowest weight gain was recorded in A2 which was mash restricted group. Second last groups in weight gain was recorded in B2 group which was fed mash ad.. libitum. Best feed consumption was also recorded in Bi group whereas poor feed conversion ratio was recorded in B2 group.
Results indicated that incidence of ascites (5%) was only observed in Bi (pelleted ad-I ibiturn) group, that might be due to some factor in pelleting process (chemical change) resulting from the higher density of pelleted. Other 3 groups didnt show any ascites syndrome.
It was concluded that higher feed intake and dense rations increased metabolic rate and triggered ascites syndrome due to fast growth.
RECOMMENDATIONS
It is therefore recommended after the study that more dense rations (pelleted feed) can be more effectively utilized if it is fed under restricted feeding regimes.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0735,T] (1).
2.
Effect Of Varying Levels Of Threonine In The Vegetable Protein Based Diets On The Performance Of Brilers
by Mujahid Farooq | Dr.Nisar Ahmad Mian | Dr.Talat Naseer Pasha | Mr.Shahid.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2001Dissertation note: Two major components of rations are energy and protein. Protein is the second major part of a ration. It is mainly supplied by vegetable and animal protein sources. Animal protein sources are of superior quality due to its more balance profile of essential amino acids. High cost and mal-practice of adultering the animal protein sources compelled the nutritionists to use vegetable protein sources. Vegetable protein sources are cheaper and available in more quantity but deficient in certain critical amino acids. Threonine is an important amino acid in nutrition of both mammals and birds. Practically, in diets threonine is usually either second, third or fourth limiting amino acid depending on the types of diets (Radke and Lewis, 1992). Vegetable protein sources can efficiently be incorporated in poultry ration by supplementing with synthetic sources of amino acids to bring them at par or near to that of animal protein sources.
Two hundred day-old broiler chicks were randomly distributed into five groups. Each group was further sub-divided into four replicates containing 10 chicks each and were reared in battery cages. Starter rations A, B, C, D and E containing 20% crude protein, 2900 k.cal ME/kg and threonine 1eve1s 0.70, 0.75, 0.80, 0.85 and 0.90 per cent, respectively were fed upto 28th day of age. Similarly finisher rations A, B, C, D and E containing crude protein 18.5%, 3000 k.cal ME/kg and 0.66, 0.70, 0.74, 0.78 and 0.82 per cent threonine levels were fed from 29th to 35th day of age, respectively. The chicks were weighed individually at day old and also at weekly intervals upto the end of the experiment. Weekly feed consumption was recorded for each experimental units separately. At the end of the experiment, three birds from each experimental units were picked up randomly and slaughtered to record he slaughtered data.
The weight gain of the birds fed on various experimental rations A, B, C, D and E from 0-5 weeks of age were 810.50, 1935.00, 1861.25, 1802.49 and 1748.00 gms, respectively. Significantly more weight gain was observed in birds fed on ration B, C, D and E containing various levels of threonine as compared to chicks fed on ration A. However, the result revealed non-significant difference between B&C and D&E.
The results of feed consumption indicated that birds on different experimental rations A, B, C, D and E were 1423.12, 2970.22, 2924.72, 3011.22 and 3015.07 gms, respectively. Significantly more feed was consumed by the chicks fed on rations B, C, D and E as compared to chicks fed on ration A.
Feed efficiency of the birds on different experimental rations A, B, C, D and E were 1.76, 1.54, 1.57, 1.67 and 1.72, respectively. Significantly better feed utilization was noticed in birds fed on ration B, while the birds fed on ration A was less efficient in feed utilization. However, non-significant difference in feed efficiency was observed between the chicks fed on ration A&E, B&C, E&D.
The abdominal fat percentage of the birds fed on different experimental rations A, B, C, D and E were 2.25, 2.15, 2.10, 2.05 and 2.08 per cent, respectively. The birds fed on ration D deposited less, while birds on ration A was high in abdominal fat. However, nonsignificant difference were observed among the chicks fed on ration A&B, B, C, D & E.
Statistical analysis of the data revealed non-significant effect of treatment on dressing percentage and weight of giblets i.e. gizzard, heart, spleen and liver.
The data regarding economical aspect of ration revealed that the average feed cost per kg of live weight of chicks fed on rations A, B, C, D and E were 15.47, 14.00, 14.42, 15.44 and 16.00 rupees, respectively. Apparently ration B was most economical in comparison with other rations.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0803,T] (1).
