1.
A Study Of Babesiosis In Calves At Livestock Experimental Station, Qadirabad And Adjacent Areas
by Nadeem Niazi | Prof. Dr. Khalid Pervez | Dr. Javed Iqbal | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2006Dissertation note: Bovine babesiosis (Piroplasmosis, Texas fever, redwater, tick fever) is a febrile, tick-borne disease of cattle, caused by one or more protozoan parasites of the genus Babesia and generally characterized by extensive erythrocytic lysis leading to anemia, icterus, hemoglobinuria, and death.
There are probably at least six Babesia species responsible for bovine babesiosis. Most can be categorized as being small or large Babesia. Morphological and serological differences are used to distinguish the different species. The two that are of most concern in our country are Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis which are inflecting considerable losses to the livestock especially cattle.
The present study was conducted to find out the prevalence of babesiosis in cow calves at livestock experimental station Qadir Abad and adjacent areas of District Sahiwal and to find out the comparative efficacy of two babesicidal drugs i.e Fa-try-banil (diminazene aceturate) Prix Pharmaceutica. Lahore, Pakistan and Imizol (Tmidocarb dipropionate) ICI, Pakistan. In this study effect of babesiosis on different blood parameters i.e hemoglobin estimation and total ervthrocytic count was also studied.
For this purpose 415 calves were examined for the presence of babesiosis. Out of these 30 calves were found positive showing 7.2 percent prevalence. For treatment purpose 40 calves were selected randomly i.e. 30 infected and 10 healthy. i'hcse were divided into 4 groups A, B, C and D comprising 10 animals each. Diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of blood smear method. The animals of group A were treated with Fa-try-banil (dirninazene aceturate) @ 3.5 mg/kg body weight intramuscularly at day zero.
Four out of 10 calves recovered at 3" of injection, one calf recovered 7 day of 1S' injection, 4 calves recovered at 10th day of injection. This drug showed 90% efficacy while the calves of group B were treated with Imizol (Imidocarb dipropionate) lml/l00 kg body weight at day zero. Seven out of 10 calves recovered at 3rd day of injection, two recovered at 7 day of injection and remaining recovered at l0" day of 1S1 injection. This drug showed 100 percent efficacy at 10th day. Animals of group C served as infected untreated control and group D served as healthy non-infected control. Comparative efficacy of both the drugs was determined on the basis of disappearance of clinical signs and babesia from the blood. No side effects of the drugs were noted.
Haematological examination revealed a significant decrease in haemoglobin concentration and total erythrocytic count pre-medication. It has been observed from the present study that Imizol was the drug of choice for the treatment of babesjosis in calves.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0908,T] (1).
2.
Effect Of Different Salinity On The Growth And Survival Of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) Reared in Cemented Tanks
by Khalid Javed Iqbal | Prof.Dr Naureen Aziz Qureshi | Dr.Zulfiqar Ali | Mr.Noor Khan.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2009Dissertation note: The experiment was conducted to study the effect of different salinity levels on the growth and survival of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis nhloticus) in cemented tanks having dimensions 2.896x0.762x0.914 meters (length x width x depth) or 2.018 cubic meters for three months (thirteen weeks). There were four treatments and a control; each having two replicate and 15 fish was stocked in each replicate. At the time of stocking, the average body weight of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis nhloticus) was 23.0±3.51 and 23.2±3.78, 22.2±2.98 and 22.8±416, 22.9±3.69 and 22.9±3.09, 24.7±4.50 and 23.1±4.98, 24.3±4.51 and 25.0±5.36 (g) in control, treatment 1, treatment 2, treatment 3 arid treatment 4 (Tank I and Tank2 of each treatment), respectively. Fish were regularly fed at the rate of 4% of its body weight on daily basis and growth parameters viz., increase in body weight and total length of fish were monitored on weekly basis. After recording data, fishes were released back into their respective tank. At the end of experiment the average body weight of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis nhloticus) was 43.2±4.87 and 38.7±5.47, 47.4±5.24 and 44.6±7.24, 48.8±7.33 and 44.4±6.54, 48.4±6.80 and 44.4±8.68, and 48.1±7.87 and 50.4±9.67 (g) in control, treatment 1, treatment 2, treatment 3 and treatment 4 (Tankl and Tank2), respectively. Physico-chemical characteristics viz., water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH electrical conductivity (EC) were also monitored on the daily basis. Better growth performance in terms a average weight gain (g) and average length gain (cm) was seen in treatment containing highest salinity level viz. 4000 ppm. Better food conversion ratio (FCR) was found in 1600 ppm salinity level and increases with increased salinity level. Feed intake was kept lowest at lowest level of salinity i.e. 800 ppm which linearly increases with increasing levels of salinity. It was noted that at high salinity the growth of Nile tilapia showed improved growth potential. This might be due to better ionic balance and improved acid-base balance in the body which leads to better performance. Physico-chemical characteristics viz., temperature, conductivity and pH showed positive and significant correlation but DO showed significant negative correlation on body weight and length, but correlation among both response parameters (weight with length) was significantly positive.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1072,T] (1).
3.
Horses Parentage Analysis And Breed Characterization By Microsafellipe Markers
by Javed Iqbal | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Dr.Ahmad Ali | Mrs.Saeeda Kalsoom.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: Horses (Equus caballus) have been considered one of the most significant domesticated animals in human use, including sports, urban and rural transportation and military logistics. Paternity confirmation and breed identification is the basic pre-requisite for rearing specific breeds and maintaining the pedigree records of horses. DNA finger printing has been successfully used for paternity and breed confirmation. Mainly DNA finger printing is done through microsettalite markers for paternity analysis and breed characterization. The aim of this study was to develop and apply a panel of microsettalite markers for paternity analysis and selected horse breeds characterization. Three horse breeds Percheron, Pak Arab and Thoroughbred were selected for this purpose. Sampling of 20 families (Foals, Mare and Stallion) of three selected horse breeds was conducted from Remount Depot Mona. The blood samples was collected in sterilized Falcon tubes each containing lOOjiL EDTA (0.2 mM). DNA was extracted from all blood samples by using inorganic method. The microsatellite markers were selected from ISAG (International Society of Animal Genetics), Indian and TKY recommended panels. The primers were designed for these microsatellite markers using primer3 free ware. All Microsatellite markers used were direpeats. Conditions for successful amplification by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) were optimized and microsatellite markers were grouped into 6 multiplexes (tn and diplex). PCR products of optimized multiplexes were visualized on U V illuminator after gel electrophoresis. DNA amplification was done through PCR by using optimized multiplexes of microsatellite markers for all the samples. Polyacrylarnide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) was used for genotyping of amplified DNA samples. Allele sizes of all amplicons were calculated by relative flow method. Alleles for all microsatcilite markers were analyzed statistically by "POPGEN 32 and POWER STAT" software. The investigation revealed average PlC value 0.97, average observed heterozygosity 0.923 1, average observed homozygosity 0.0769, combined power of exclusion (P.E) 0.9999 and combined polymorphic loci percentage for 13 microsettalite markers was 100%. Perchron breed showed genetic identity with Pak Arab and Thoroughbred up to 0.3470 and 0.6157 respectively. Pak Arab exhibited genetic identity with Thoroughbred horse up to 0.6616 where as Perchron breed showed genetic distance with Pak Arab and Thoroughbred up to 1.0585 and 0.4850 respectively. Pak Arab exhibited genetic distances with Thoroughbred up to 0.413 1. Results of analysis were used to describe the new microsettalite markers assay for parentage confirmation and breed characterization of selected breeds (Perchron, Pak Arab and Thoroughbred) horses. 'Ihis panel of microsetallite marker was useful and reliable tool for individual identification and parentage analysis in horses. This microsettalite marker panel can be used on commercial basis in Pakistan.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1092,T] (1).
4.
Prevalence, Serodiagnosis And Zoonotic Importance Of Hydatidosis In Small Ruminants And Humans
by Hafiz Javed Iqbal | Prof. Dr. Azhar Maqbool | Dr. Muhammad | Prof. Dr. Athar Khan.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Hydatidosis is a world-wide zoonotic parasitic disease which is caused by the larval stage of tape worm Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis. It is highly endemic in some regions of the world. Keeping in view the importance of the disease, the present study was conducted to record the age, sex, species and season wise prevalence of hydatidosis in small ruminants. The study also includes comparison of the two serological tests used for the diagnosis of this disease and efficacy of mebendazole was aIso evaluated. Prevalence and organ specificity of hydatidosis was studied in 2400 sheep and 2400 goats of different age and sexes. The overall prevalence of hydatidosis in sheep and goats was 8.25 and 6.21 percent respectively. Sex wise prevalence indicated that it was 9.85 and 7.85 percent in female and male sheep respectively whereas in female and male goats it was 5.83 and 7.23 percent respectively. A reasonably higher prevalence of hydatidosis was observed in female animals as compared with males. In adult animals hydatid cysts were present in 11.38 and 7.77 percent in sheep and goatsrespectively while in lambs and kids it was 1.79 and 1.06 percent respectively. Statistically no significant difference was observed in any season through out the year in both the species. In the present study, lungs were found to be most commonly infected organ in sheep andliver in goats. Out of 198 infected sheep, 45.45 percent had cysts in lungs, 33.84 percentin liver, 10.10 percent in both liver and lungs, 2.53 percent in spleen, 2.02 percent in heart and 6.06 percent in abdomen and thoracic cavity whereas in goats organs specificity was 34.23, 40.27, 16.78, 0.67, 8.05 percent respectively for lungs, liver, lungs & liver both, spleen and abdomen and thoracic cavity. A total of 60 cysts in sheep were examined for fertility and it was found that out of 18 cysts of less than two centimeter size, maximum (50 percent) were suppurative orcalcified and minimum (16.7 percent) were fertile in nature. Of 30 cysts of 2-4 em size,
40 percent were suppurative and 40 percent were fertile and from 12 cysts of more than
four centimeter size, maximum (66.7 percent) were fertile and only 16.7 percent were
sterile in nature. In goats, of 15 cysts of less than 2cm size, maximum (46. 7percent) were
suppurative, and minimum (13.3 percent) were fertile. Of 7 cysts, belonging to the group
of more than four centimeter seize, 71.4 percent were fertile in nature and only 14.3
percent were sterile. Overall fertility rate in sheep and goats was 38.33 and 36.96 percent
respectively whereas overall sterility rate was 23.3 and 32.60 percent in sheep and goats
respectively.
In sheep, total number of protoscolices found in 23 cysts was 936 of which 72.65 percent
were fertile in nature. The mean of total proto scolices was 40.70 with standard deviation
of 23.05 whereas the mean number of viable protoscolices was 29.57 percent with a
standard deviation of 18.92. In goats, total number of protoscolices observed in 17 cysts
was 719 whereas only 52.71 percent were fertile in nature. The mean of total
protoscolices was 42.30 with a standard deviation of 17.13 whereas mean of viable
protoscolices was 22.30 with standard deviation of 17.10.
Blood samples of 40 positive and 40 negative sheep for hydatid disease were collected
from slaughter house and serum was separated. ELISA and IHA test were applied on
these samples. The sensitivity, specificity, efficacy, positive predictive value and negative
predictive value of ELISA were 92.5 percent each whereas these values for IHA were 80
percent, 97.5 percent, 88.75 percent, 96.96 percent and 82.98 percent respectively. In
goats, blood samples from 40 positive and 40 negative cases of hydatidosis were
collected from slaughter house before slaughtering and ELISA and IHA were applied on
all of these samples. The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA was 90 percent and 95
percent respectively whereas the sensitivity and specificity of IHA was 75 percent and
97.5 percent respectively.
A total of 12 i.e. 6 sheep and 6 goats (healthy) were purchased and kept at Ravi campus
Pattoki, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. These were divided into
experimental (4 sheep and 4 goats) and control group (two sheep and two goats). In
experimental group, 100 eggs of Echinococcus granulosus were given orally to all
animals and then mebendazole was given to two sheep and two goats on zero day and
then after two months intervals. Blood samples were collected from all animals on zero
day, 90 days and 180th day and serum was separated. ELISA and IHA were applied to all
samples. Mebendazole was not found completely effective and ELISA detected the
infection earlier than IHA. On postmortem examination, multiple cysts were found in all
animals of group A and no cyst was found in group B.
Eighty blood samples of humans i.e. 40 positive and 40 negative for hydatidosis were
coilected, serum was separated and ELISA and IHA test were applied to all the samples.
The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA was 95 percent and 97.5 percent respectively
whereas the sensitivity and specificity of IHA was 82.5 percent and 97.5 percent
respectively.
The present study will be helpful in disseminating the informations regarding the
prevalence, zoonotic importance, effect of mebendazole in animals and the use of
immunodiagnostic tests for the diagnosis of hydatidosis in small ruminants and human
beings.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1405,T] (1).
5.
Mutation Screen Of "Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (Gaba)-A Receptor, Gamma 2" In Punjab Population
by Muhammad Javed Iqbal | Dr. Muhammad Wasim | Dr. Abu Saeed | Dr. Ali Raza Awan.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Epilepsy is a formidable form of neural disorder that can impose its long lasting effect on person's life and development. To date, it lacks any effective therapy and is multistep disease strengthened by an overwhelming number of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that streamline epileptic attacks. This particular study encompasses two major types of epilepsy, CAE and GTCS by targeting a GABRG2 gene. Mutation analysis of the coding exons (exon 3, 5 and 9) was performed by direct sequencing of GABRG2 in order to sought out complex biological entities in both types of epilepsies. GABRG2 is a molecule that has recently been characterized as the culprit for epileptic seizures onset. GABRG2 encodes GABA receptor that is fundamental inhibitory neurotransmitter in mammalian brain and is a ligand-gated chloride channels. This ligand-receptor coupling results in the inward shuttling of chloride ions through the channels and this hyperpolarizes the neurons, which induce the inhibitory effect of neurotransmitters. Direct sequencing of candidate gene "GABRG2" traced out a single polymorphic site in the exon 3 of the CAE as well as GTCS cases. However, this single nucleotide alteration is more commonly identified in childhood absence epilepsy patients as compared to the generalized cases. Silent mutation was identified at locus 27909 C>T of 46.66% of the total screened or analyzed cases.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1500,T] (1).
6.
Effect Of Different Feed Ingredients On Growth, Hematology And Vital Organs In Juvenile Labeo Rohita
by Khalid Javed Iqbal | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Arshad | Dr. Aumaira Abbas.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: This 9-month study extending from March 1, to November, 30, 2012 was conducted to find out the effect of different feed ingredients on growth, haematology and vital organs in juvenile Labeo rohita. The experiment was performed to find out the cost-effective substitutes of fishmeal and their effect on growth, digestive enzymes activity, blood profile, histology of intestine and flesh quality was monitored. To obtain the said objectives the experimental fish, Labeo rohita was subjected through three different research trials. i. A 3-month research trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of different plant/animal origin feed ingredients on growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and survival of fingerling Labeo rohita. Fish was fed on fish meal, guar meal, corn gluten meal (30%), soybean meal, sunflower meal, rice polish, cotton seed meal, canola meal and rape seed meal individually. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences (P?0.05) in growth, average weight gain, average length increase and specific growth rate among various ingredients. The highest average weight gain 27.162±6.950g and average length increase 6.153±0.833cm was observed in fish fed on guar meal while same was lowest 5.327±1.067g and 1.858±0.137cm, respectively in fish fed on corn gluten. However, fish showed better FCR values (2.01±0.08) when fed on guar meal while the FCR was very poor (9.57±48) for corn gluten (30%) fed group. The survival rate was highest (100%) for soybean meal fed group and lowest (70%) in canola and rapeseed meal fed group. ii. During second 3-month feeding trial, the effectiveness of individual feed ingredient from either plant or animal origin on growth, body composition, enzymes activity, haematology, histology and flesh quality of Labeo rohita was observed. The experiment was conducted in ten fiber glass tanks having size 12 ft x 4ft x 3 ft (length x width x depth). Single ingredient was considered as an independent treatment, hence guar meal, soybean meal, cotton seed meal and canola meal were considered as an independent treatment and fishmeal which was considered as a superior ingredient due to its ideal nutrient balance served as control. Ten juvenile Labeo rohita having an average weight of 200±2.33 g were harvested indiscriminately from the bulk and stocked in each fiberglass tank. Two tanks were randomly allotted to each treatment and control. Each group received uniform ration @ 4% of total fish biomass twice a day. Results revealed significant differences (P?0.05) in growth, FCR and specific growth rates among treatments. Weight gain was the highest in guar meal fed fish while the lowest on fish meal. Body composition of fish showed slight variations in fat contents with no differences in other nutrients though chemical composition of individual ingredient varies a lot. Minerals specifically Na, Ca, Fe, Zn, and Cu significantly differed (P?0.05) among treatments which might be linked with their variable release in digestive system of fish in the presence of various anti-nutritional factors. For different feed ingredients protease activity varied significantly (P<0.05) between anterior and posterior part of the intestine and also that of whole intestine when compared among various treatment groups. While amylase activity differed significantly when enzyme activity compared from the homogenate of whole intestine but not when compared partly. WBC, RBC, Hct, HB, PROT, ALB and GLOB showed significant (P<0.05) differences for blood samples of the fish fed with different feed ingredients while values of MCV, MCH, MCHC and ESR remained uniform. The feed ingredients differently affected the liver and intestinal cells. No difference was observed when fried fish fed on different ingredients were compared among each other indicating that ingredients with nominal variations in chemical composition do not leave much after effects on fish flesh. iii. Third 3-month trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of plant-animal feed and/or plant by-product based feed on growth, body composition, enzymes activity, haematology, histology and flesh quality of Labeo rohita. Fish fed on rice polish alone served as control (T0). Previously selected potential fish feed ingredients were grouped together with two ingredients in each isocaloric test diet which served as an independent trial during these studies. Group 1(T1) contained guar meal and canola meal, group 2(T2) soybean meal and cotton seed meal, group 3(T3) guar meal and cotton seed meal, group 4(T4) soybean meal and canola meal and group 5(T5) fishmeal and canola meal. Each group including control had two replicates. 12 earthen ponds with uniform area of 0.03 ha each, were randomly stocked with 100 fish (average weight 200±4.43g) in each following standard stocking protocols. All the 12 ponds were then randomly allotted to individual treatment including control group. Experimental fish were fed @ 4% of their wet biomass twice a day except Sundays which was kept open providing fish an opportunity to clean left over feed from the previous day. Better growth rate, food conversion ratio (FCR) and specific growth rate (SGR) in T3 than rest of the treatments including control suggest that guar meal and cotton seed meal is much better option to include in future feed formulations for maximum performance and minimum feed wastage. This preposition will minimize feed providing cleaner and healthy environment to fish ultimately enhancing stocking rate and fish production. Proximate analysis of dried and ground fish samples showed higher protein values in T4, fat in T2, moisture contents in control, dry matter in T1 and ash in T5. Mineral composition of Labeo rohita showed statistically significant (P ? 0.05) differences in Na, Ca, Fe, Zn and Cu content. Amylase concentration showed non-significant differences in anterior, posterior parts and the whole intestine in all the treatment and control ponds except T5 while protease concentrations were statistically significant (?0.05) in anterior and posterior part within the same group as well as among various groups. Enzymatic activity in whole intestine also varied significantly when compared among groups. Haematological parameters viz. WBC, RBC, ALB, GLOB and PROT differed significantly (?0.05) among all the treatments. Disrupted hepatic cords and hepatocytes showing pyknotic nucleus were observed in T1, moderate infiltration of fat vacuoles in T2 and, T4 caused vacuolar and hepatic cord degeneration while fish from T0 were subjected to severe vacuolation in hepatocytes. Non-significant differences in flavor, juiciness, and oiliness of fried fish from all the treatments and control ponds indicated that the sensory attributes of fish flesh were not affected by feeding fish with blend of various ingredients. It is concluded that the response of body organs varies with varying feed stuffs and the feed items have pronounced effect on enzymatic activities, hematological and histological parameters in juvenile Labeo rohita. During present study fish showed comparatively better growth when fed with guar meal as a single feed ingredient or combined with cotton seed meal than the rest of feed ingredients either offered individually or in combinations. The study provides base line information and will help aquaculture nutritionists to formulate cost-effective feeds.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1819,T] (1).
7.
Effect Of Eugenia Jambolana (Jamun) Seeds And Leaves Etract On Angiogenesis
by Muhammad Javed Iqbal | Dr. Aqeel Javedd | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ashraf.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: The present study was designed to explore the effects of aqueous and ethanolic extract of leaves and seeds of Eugenia jambolana on angiogenesis by means of the chicken chorioallentoic membrane assay. The Eugenia jambolana was collected from the locality of Lahore. Sequential dilutions were made with distilled water. Eggs were taken from local hatchery and divided into 4 groups. Each group was comprised of five eggs. The eggs were incubated at 37 C0. At day 4, 3-4 ml albumin was removed with the help of syringe. At day 5, sample solutions of various concentrations were applied to chorioallentoic membrane (CAM). After 24 hours, the change in CAM was observed by taking the images. SPIP was utilized for computerized measurements of the diameter of blood vessels and CAM. Overall area of the CAM was also drastically minimized among all groups treated with sample solutions.
The data was analyzed for statistical analysis by using SPSS software (version 13 for windows). ANOVA was performed to determine significance among different groups. The value of P<0.05 was considered as significant.
Different extracts of Eugenia Jambolana exhibited anti-angiogenic potential in the following order. WS > WL = ES > EL. In case of WS 4% solution area of CAM is 285.66 mm2, WL 4% 586.77 mm2, ES 4% 567.47 mm2 and EL 4% 634.23 mm2 while in case of negative control area of CAM 2473 mm2 . The extracts exhibited anti-angiogenic potential in variable magnitude. Dilutions of water extract of seeds exhibited most anti-angiogenic potential (p<0.01) in comparison to other treated groups. Collectively, these observations show that extract of Eugenia jambolana seeds and leaves contains polar compounds that ceased growth, primary vessel formation and cell propagation in CAMs.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1830,T] (1).
8.
Razia Sultan
by Dr. Javed Iqbal.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Lahore: Sang e Meel Publications; 2010Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 891.4397 Javed 27210 1st 2010 Drama] (1).
9.
Apna Grebaan Chank
by Javed Iqbal | Biography.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Pakistan: Sang e meel, 2004Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 923.4 Javed 16774 1st 2004 Biography] (1).
10.
Siqafat e Sarhad Tareekh kay Ayna main
by Qari Javed Iqbal.
Edition: 1stMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Lahore: Al-Faisal; 2002Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 954.1 Javed 21948 1st 2002 History] (1).
11.
Siqafat e Sarhad Tareekh kay Ayna main
by Qari Javed Iqbal.
Edition: 1stMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Lahore: Al-Faisal; 2002Availability: No items available
