1.
Ibtadai Dor Kay 28 Musalman Sufi or Philosophers
by Masood Mufti | S.M Bijli.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: Lahore: Seventh Sky Publications; 2013Availability: Items available for loan: (1), UVAS Library [Call number: 297.4 Masood 30255 1st 2013 Islam] (1).
2.
Influence Of Various Treatment Of Rice Bran On Performance Of Broiler Chicks
by Asad Masood, Dar | Nisar Ahmed | Ehtisham Pervaiz | M.Y. Malik.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1990Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0083,T] (1).
3.
Studies On The Isolation And Serotyping Of Salmonellae From Mesenteric Lymph Nodes And Faecal Samples Of Camels From Lahore Abattoir Lahore Abattoir
by Javaid Masood | Muhammed Naeem | Ata - Ur - Rehman Rizvi | Manzoor | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1986Dissertation note: The study was undertaken to detrmine the Salmonellae carrier state in camel, in an attempt to understand the epidemiologica] role played by this animal in transmission of Salmonellosis to other animals and man
The faecal and mesenteric lymph gland samples were collected from 100 apparently healthy camel a slaughtered at Lahore abattoir. Each sample was enriched in selenite troth arid isolates passed through a series of differential and selective media for an effective primary isolation and purification of Saimonellae.
The identification of isolates was carried out on the basis of their morphology, biochemical characteristics and serology. The serology was carried out using standard polyvalent "0", and "H" group arid type specific antisera by rapid spot agglutination test.
The Salinonellae were isolated from isolated from any faecal samples, giving an isolation percentage of 2.0 in this species.
On the basis of biochemical studies and serology it was observed that both the isolated strains of Salmonella belonged to Salmonella typhimrium.
The camel was found to be carrier of Salmonella typhimurium and could act as a source of infection for animals and man. Further work on large scale is recommended.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0171,T] (1).
4.
Taxonomical Study Of Ecto-Parasites Of Indigenous Poultry & Effect Of Fowl-Tick (Argas Persicus) On Different Blood Parameters
by Masood Ahmed Sh | khalid Saeed | Mubasher Saeed Mian | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: A study was conducted to see the incidence and to identify the species of ectoparasites (ticks, lice, mites) in indigenous poultry. Samples were collected from different areas in Lahore from Match to August, 1991
A total of 1500 indigenoLls birds were examined, 826 were found infested with ectoparasites, showing an overall infestation rate of 55.07%. The infesatioii rate of ticks, lice, mites and mixed infestation (ticks + lice) was recorded as 14.47%, 32.93%, 0.33% and 7.34% respectively.
The species of ecloparasites identified were: Ag persicus (fowl tick), Menopon gjjjnae, Menacanthus stramineus, Lipeurus cjjçnis, Goniocj
gigas (lice), and Cnemidocoptes mutans (scaly leg mite). The infestation
3.7
percentage of the above mentioned species was: 14.47, 15.47, 7.86, 5.7jand
0.33 respectively.
I Iaeniatological examinations were made to compare the blood
picture of healthy and fowl lick (ig prsicus) infested indigenous birds. For this purpose 50 blood samples each from healthy and fowl tick infested birds were examined. Blood jJirameters studied were: haemoglobin, total
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0236,T] (1).
5.
Inter-Relationship Of Haemagglutination Inhibition (Hi) Titres Against Newcastle Disease Vaccine (Mukteswar Straom) Of Dam's Serum, Egg Yolk And Serum Of The Chick
by Masood ul Hasan Javed | Dr. Mohammad Naeem | Dr. Sheikh Mohammad Amin | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: The studies were conducted to determine the inter-relationship of HI titres against Mukteswar strain of NDV in the serum of dam, egg yolk and serum of day-old chick. These studies, helped not only to find out an agreement between the results of HI test of dam, egg yolk and day-old chick, but also for the suitability of the egg yolk for monitoring the immune stauts of laying flock.
Four spaced injections of NDV vaccine were given to the experimental birds. The birds which did not receive 4th vaccination were referred as un-vaccinated control.
At 21st day post-vaccination1 the antibody titre in yolk was lower than serum but from third week onward, comparable results were obtained with both the samples. Haemagglutination inhibition titre of dam's serum was comparatively stable throughout the experiment where as HI titre of egg yolk slightly fluctuated. Yolk, pepared by chloroform extraction and low-speed centrifugation, performed well in HI test for NOV.
Maternal antibody level in day-old chick was related to the titre in dam and egg yolk. The GMT-HI titre of day-old chick fluctuated nearly in the same pattern as GMT-HI titre of egg yolk.
Overall it was observed that both egg yolk and day-old chick serum HI antibody titres were slightly lower or equal to dam's serum HI antibody titre and a definite inter- relationship is present among HI titres of dam's serum, egg yolk and day-old chick. The results of this study also proved the suitabilty of egg yolk for HI antibody determination to NOV.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0363,T] (1).
6.
Studies On Contribution Of Sheep & Goats In The Epidemiology Of Haemorrhagic Septicaemia
by Masood Anjum | Dr. Muhammad Amin Sheikh | Dr. Haji Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: A total of 500 animals (sheep 250, goat 250), of both sexes and different age groups were examined for harbouring Pasteurella multocida in their respiratory tracts. The samples from live animals were collected by sterile cotton swabs, gently passed in their nasal cavity. The slaughtered animal's laryngotracheal region were directly approached for collection of samples. Lungs showing pathological lesions were collected from fifty animals each of both species. Tryptic soya broth was used for primary isolation of organism.
Only one goat yielded Pasteurella multocida which proved highly virulent both for rabbits and mice. The isolate fermented glucose, fructose, mannose, mannitol, sorbitol and saccharose producing acid only. A negative reaction was observed for arabinose, dulcitol, maltose, lactose, raffinose and salacin. The organism was positive for catalase, oxidase, indole production, nitrate reduction and hydrogen sulphide production tests. It gave a negative reaction for methyl red, voges proskauer, urease activity and gelatin liquefaction tests. The organism was found non-motile in hanging drop preparation.
The organism was highly sensitive to ampiclox, cefazolin and velosef, moderately sensitive to cephalexin, slightly sensitive to tobramycin, cloxacillin and resistant to lincocin, erythrocin, amoxydillin, doxycillin and sulpha-methaxazol trimethoprim.
Amongst the various disinfectants tested, the organism showed maximum susceptibility to sanitizer and poulphene, moderate sensitivity to saniguard and sanitec and resistance to phenyl, sanitol and phenol.
The organism in infected faecal matter maintained its viability for 9 days in shady place, sunlight and at room temperature. At a controlled temperature of 32°C. with 75-80% humidity, the organism remained alive for 10 days.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0373,T] (1).
7.
Physicochemical Factors Effecting The Survival Of Egg Drop Syndrome Virus
by Akif Masood | Atta-ur-Rehman Rizvi | Dr. Muhammed Shakeel akhtar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: About 417 duck eggs were collected from a duck farm. These eggs were incubated at 37oC in automatic incubator for 10 days. At the 11th day the eggs were candled to confirm the fertility of eggs, either they are embryonated or not. Fertile eggs were then be inoculated with the physically and chemically treated EDS-76 virus which have already been treated and stored in plastic vials at -20oC. About 0.1 ml of the sample was inoculated per egg. Four eggs were set for each of the factor i.e physical and chemical.
The physical factors were temperature, pH and U.V light. The current project was conducted to study the survival of EDS virus when it was subject to various physical and chemical factor. As far as the physical factors were concerned it was observed that at different temperatures i,e -2oC, +4C°, 331::0 and 37C°. The virus survived at each temperature far 35 days and the same virus survived at 56C° for 90 minutes. AS far as the pH was concerned it was examined that EDS virus remained viable at pH 1,47,10,13 for 24 hours. Following exposure of virus to WY light it was observed that EDS virus servived for 45 minutes.
Similairly, the results of chemical factors showed that formalin of 0.067. could not inactivate the virus but 0.12% and o.24x formalin solution killed the virus in time from 6 to 24 hours.
Losan with 0.5%., 1.0%. and 1.5%. killed the EDS virus in 15, 30 and 45 minutes respectively.
The results of this endeavor show that the formalin and Losan in other words chemical like these should be one of the options for farmers to disinfect their sheds to prevent the occurrence of infection from EDS virus.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0500,T] (1).
8.
Observations On Causative Agent(S) Of Hydropericardium Syndrome (Angara Disease) In Chickens
by Masood Rabbani | Dr. M. Akram Muneer | Dr. Ata-ur-Rehman Rizvi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: Hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) an avian adenovirus infection has been identified in poultry flocks all over Pakistan. This project was designed to study various aspects of HPS in terms of its aetiology (virus isolation, purification, and propagation in vitro), route of transmission, clinical picture, and pathology. In addition, identity of the contagium was confirmed through immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, biological titration, serotyping and molecular characterization. Attempts were also made to develop improved vaccines against the FIPS virus.
Investigation on purified HPS agent indicated that this isolate was a new avian adenovirus (AAV) pathotype belonging to serotype-4 of group-I. This isolate was named after Pakistan Agricultural Research Council-I as PARC-I isolates. The results of one-way virus neutralization test with reference AAV antisera (1-1 1) confirmed that the isolate designated as PARC-I isolate belonged to serotype-4. The AAV serotype-4 isolate has the potential to produce the immunoprecipitating and virus neutralizing antibodies.
It was observed that this isolate is capable of causing 1-IPS in broiler chicks. The lesions caused by this virus were identical to those of HPS observed under the field outbreaks. In embryonated chicken eggs, the isolate causes mortality, generalized mu scular congestion, hepatitis and stunted embryonic growth. This virus also causes typical cytopathic effects: rounding, moderate swelling and grape-like clustering upon inoculation onto chicken embryo liver (CEL) cells. The biological characterization indicated that the isolate PARC-I possessed standard properties of other known serotypes of AAV. Although, the new isolate is biologically and serologically identical to serotype-4 of AAV, it is more virulent than the previously known strains of serotype-4. The present work has further indicated that isolates obtained from different TIPS outbreaks over the last 10 years have identical in vitro and in vivo characteristics.
The polypeptide analysis using SDS-PAGE confirmed the identity of i-IPS virus as AAV. The protein pattern of prototype strain of serotype-4 is quite comparable with those of the new isolate. The protein Profile of the isolate PARC-i and eleven other AAV serotypes were also compared. The results indicated that there were seven dense identifiable protein bands on the gel. These virus polypeptides were designated as II, Ill, lIla, IV, IVa, V and VI with molecular weights of 120 Kd, 86 Kd, 65 Kd, 55 Kd, 48 Kd, 42 Kd and 24 Kd, respectively.
Western blotting was also performed to identify common immunogenic antigen (s) amongst the PARC-I isolate and other AAV serotypes of group- I. A total of 7 common bands of the same MW as seen in the gel were detectable in the lane of PARC-i isolate and the lanes of serotypes 1-1 1. In PARC-i lanes, one band above 120 Kd was seen reacting to the hyperimmune serum whereas, 2-3 such bands were detectable in other 1-I I serotypes ol' avian adenoviruses. The western blot studies indicated that at least five of the major proteins are conserved in the eleven AAV serotypes and PARC-i isolate. Although minor antigenic variations among different avian adenovirus serotypes existed no significant differences in the immunogenic proteins, among the eleven adenovirus serotypes, were observed except serotype-9, where 24 Kd band was uniquely present. The sharing of common antigens in various serotypes especially between serotype-9 and PARC-i isolate indicated that this serotype might be useful for developing heterotypic vaccine against HPS, as many field reports indicate failure of currently used vaccines to confer effective resistance in chickens especially 3-4 wks post FIPSV vaccination. One of the reasons of the persistence of HPS might be due to the absence of maternal immunity in broilers, as the breeders are neither properly immunized nor hyperimmunized against HPS.
All the four experimental vaccines provoked almost similar level of protection in the inoculated broiler chicks as they resisted virulent HPSV challenge on 25th day postvaccination. A decrease in protection levels from days 32 postchallenge onwards was evidenced by decrease in the corresponding antibody titre in the vaccinated chicks.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0594,T] (1).
9.
Effect Of Replacing Dietary Levels Of Soybean Meal With Canola Meal In Japanese Quail
by Sajid Hameed | Prof.Dr. Nisar Ahmad | Javed Ahmad Qureshi | Masood.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: Canola is the seed of "Brassica nayus or Brassica compestris species". The oil component of seed contain less than 2% erucic acid while solid component of seed contain less than 30jimol/grams of air dry oil free solid. The protein content in canola meal are 36% while energy is about 2000 Kcal/kg. The amino acid profile of canola meal is comparable with other vegetable proteins. The present study was conducted to study the effect of replacing soybean meal with canola meal in rations fed to Japanese quails.
Two hundred and sixteen day old quail chicks were randomly divided into six groups of 36 quails each. Then each group was further sub-divided into three replicates of 12 quails each. Six isocaloric and isonitrogenous rations A, B, C, 13, E and F containing 0, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% of canola meal respectively were fed for 42 days. Weekly weight gain and daily feed consumption was recorded.
Maximum weight gain (165 grams), feed efficiency (2.42), (2.47) and dressing percentage (68.6%) was observed in quail fed on ration A and C containing 0 and 15% canola meal respectively. Minimum weight gain (142 grams), poor feed efficiency (2.67 grams) and lowest dressing percentage (56.4 grams) were observed in chicks fed on ration F containing 30% canola meal. Moreover, weight of thyroid gland was not affected by the inclusion levels of canola meal in the diet.
From present study it was concluded that canola meal could be successfully incorporated in quails rations upto 15% without any effect on the performance of quails. The study also indicated that rations containing canola meal were comparatively cheaper and cost per kg of live weight was decreased and net profit per quail was increased.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0647,T] (1).
10.
Effects Of Different Commercially Available Antifungal Compounds On Feed Quality & Broiler Performance
by Abdul Hamid | Prof.Dr.Talat Naseer Pasha | Dr . Masood | Dr . Nisar Ahmad Mian.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: The study was conducted to determine the effects of different commercially available antifungal compounds on feed quality and broiler performance. Six experimental rations i.e. A, B, C, D, E and F were prepared for this trial. Ration A was positive control (containing no antifungal compounds), ration B (containing 0.5 kg Mycostat / ton), ration C (containing 0.5 kg Mycocurb\ ton), ration D (containing 15% moisture without any antifungal compounds), ration E (containing 1 .0 kg Mycostat / ton with 1 5% moisture) and ration F (containing 1 .0 kg Mycocurh/ ton with 15% moisture).
These experimental rations were stored for one month. During storage period the representative feed samples were collected from all the rations and were analysed for mould growth and aflatoxins level.
A total of 240 day-old-broiler chicks were randomly divided into 6 groups having 40 birds in each group and which were further subdivided into 4 replicates comprising of 10 birds in each. The body weight, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio were recorded at the end of each two weeks. Mortality percentage and comparative economic study of antifungal compounds were determined at the end of experiment. The experiment was completed in six weeks.
The results of feed consumption indicated that birds led on different cxperimen(af rations A, B, C, D, E and F from 0-6 weeks of age were 3173, 3230, 3215, 2310, 1972 and 2243 gnis respectively. However, apparently the birds fed on ration B containing Mycostat consumed more Iced as compared to other groups.
The weight gain of the birds fed on various experimental rations A, B, C, D, E and F from 0-6 weeks of age were 1710, 1770, 1 760, 965, 845 and 980 gms respectively. However, apparently more weight gain was observed in the birds fed on ration B containing Mycostat.
The data on feed efficiency indicated that birds fed on different experimental rations A, B, C, D, E and F from 0-6 weeks of age were 1.855, 1.82, 1.83, 2.392, 2.34 and 2.283, respectively. However, better feed utilization was observed in birds fed on ration B containing Mycostat as compared to chicks fed on other rations.
The feed mould count values for groups D, E and F were 4.0 10E4, 1.1 10E4 and 1.0 10E4 respectively, and the Aflatoxins levels for groups D, E and F were (G1<0.1, G2<0.1, B1-33.5 B2-2.4), (GI<0.l, G2<O.1, B1-26.5, B2-1.9) and (G1<0.1, G2<0.l, B1-35.5, B2-2.5) respectively.
It is concluded that Mycostat is comparatively better antifungal compound commercially available as compared to Mycocurb in terms of improving the performance of the broiler birds.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0676,T] (1).
11.
Comparative Effecacy Of Different Prophylactic Measures Against Cocidiosis In Broilers
by Faisal Masood | Dr. kamran Ashraf | Dr. Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr. Muhamad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: The study was designed to look into the comparative efficacy of different prophylactic measure against coccidiosis in broilers. One hundred and fifty, day old broiler chickens were reared under controlled conditions. They were equally divided into five groups, on day 1, i.e. A, B, C, D and E. Group 'A' was kept as uninfected, unmedicated control whereas all other test groups B, C, D and E were infected with 30,000 sporulated virulent oocysts. Group 'B' acted as infected and unmedicated control at day 20 and 30 of age. Group 'C' acted as infected and treated with Diasul-S at the rate of 1/2 gm/lit of drinking water for 3 days and group 'D' was treated with coxicure A-K at the rate of 1/4 gm/lit drinking water for 3days. The birds of group E received locally prepared Eimeria tenella vaccine (ETV) on day 3 and 10 of age of birds.
No coccidiosis in the birds of group A and E was noted through out the experiment. The oocysts per gram (OPG) of faeces in group A and E was nil Members of group 'B' showed the highest counts than any other group. The birds of group 'C' and 'D' showed the moderate counts but towards the completion of experiment, the OPG counts gradually reduced in both groups.
Weekly average weight gain record showed that average weight gain by the birds of group 'A' were the highest as compared with all other groups. The average weight gain of group E showed the second highest weight gains. The members of group 'B' showed the lowest weight gains while the members of groups 'C' and 'D' were ranked as 3rd and 4th in weight gains. The weight gains observed in groups A, C, D and E as compared with groups B were significantly higher (PO.O5) N. P.. In groups 'A', 'C' and 'E' the morbidity was nil. While in groups 'B' 30% morbidity was observed. Group 'D' showed low morbidity and one bird died due to coccidiosis.
The best feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed in groups 'A' and followed by groups 'E', 'C' and 'D'. The feed conversion ratio in groups 'C' and 'D' was equally good. Worst feed conversion ratio was observed in group 'B'.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0740,T] (1).
12.
Comparative Efficacy Of Yucca Schidigera Extract And Frusemide In Ascites Of Broiler Chicks, Under Field
by Sohail Ejaz | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Masood | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: This project was designed to study the comparative efficacy of Yucca schidigera extract Norponin-200) and frusemide in ascites of broiler chicks. For this purpose twenty flocks affected from ascites were selected to carry out this experiment. From each flock thirty birds were randomly selected and were divided into three groups A, B and C having ten birds in each group. Twenty-four hours light was provided to all the experimental birds. Fresh and clean water was provided to them at all the time. The birds were fed ad libitum. The chicks of group "A" were given Yucca schidigera Extract (Norponin-200) at the rate of 10ml/200L of drinking water for three days. The chicks of group "B" were given frusemide (Frusicon) at the rate of 1gm/liter of drinking water for three days while the chicks of group "C" served as control. In this study feed intake, water intake, weight gain and reduction in the ascitic fluid was recorded before and after the treatment. The treated birds were significantly better than untreated birds. In Yucca schidigera treated birds, feed intake, water intake and weight gain was significantly higher than that of frusemide treated birds while reduction in ascitic fluid was significantly higher in frusemide treated group. From this study it is concluded that use of Yucca schidigera extract in ascites of broiler chicks is a better choice than that of frusemide.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0744,T] (1).
13.
Passive Immunization Of Avian Influenza Virus Infected Broiler Chicks
by Muhamad Mahmood Mukhtar | Dr. Masood RAbbani | Dr. Khushi Muhammad | Dr. Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: Present study was conducted to determine the contribution of passive immunization against avian influenza disease. In this study, ten layer birds were vaccinated thrice at 21 days interval, using oil based avian influenza v irus (AIV: H7 type) vaccine. A high titer of anti-Al V-antibodies in blood serum and egg yolk of these birds was determined on 20(11 day post-boosting using haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. A virulent avian influenza virus (H7 type) with mean embryo infective dose (E1D50) of l0 was used for challenging the birds. The hyperimmune serum and hyperimmune egg yolk (1ml, 128 HI units) injected to avian influenza virus (H7 type) challenged broiler chicks showed 100% protection as compared to that of virus control group (given I ml of 0 HI units of serum and yolk). Moreover, it was found suitable to passively immunize the birds before exposure or simultaneously with the exposure of avian influenza virus. The cost of the production of hyperimmune egg yolk was calculated as Rs. 0.43 per dose (1ml: 128 HI units), which was quite economical as compared to other chemotherapies. It is concluded that the hyperimmune serum and hyperimmune yolk can therapeutically be used to cure the avian influenza virus (H7 type) infected birds.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0776,T] (1).
14.
Passive Immunization Against Hydropericardium Syndrome Infected Broilers
by Ghazanfar khalid | Dr. Khushi Muhamad | Dr. Masood Rabbani | Dr. Shakeel | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: In this project, passive immunization against hydropericardium syndrome virus (HPSV) infected broiler chicks was studied. The hyperimmune yolk and serum were raised in commercial layers by priming and boosting with formaldehyde inactivated HPSV vaccine. It was found that yolk and serum collected from the layers showed high titres of indirect haemagglutination (IHA) antibodies against HPS virus. Lethal dose 50 (LD50) of the HPS virus infected liver homogenate was calculated to be 1O-55/ml.
It was noted that the broiler chicks (26 days old) receiving yolk containing 256, 128, 64 and 32 units of IHA-anti-HPSV antibodies and virulent HPSV, simultaneously showed 100%, 100%, 100% and 60% protection. While the broiler chicks receiving serum containing 128, 64, 32 and 16 units of IHA anti-HPSV antibodies and virulent HPSV, simultaneously showed 100%, 100%, 40% and zero protection. The birds receiving yolk and serum of control group showed zero protection. It was observed that egg yolk (lml, 64 IHA-anti HPSV-antibodies) injected 24 hours before, at the same time and after 24 hours to HPSV challenged broilers showed 100% protection. While the clinically healthy birds 48 hours post challenge infection showed 60% protection and birds showing signs of the disease showed 20% protection.
The cost of the production of hyperimmune yolk was Rs. 0.50/dose (lml: 64 IHA units of anti-HPSV antibodies).
It was concluded that hyperimmune yolk could be used to cure the HPSV infected birds if administered immediately in the affected flocks.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0781,T] (1).
15.
Bacteriological Examination Of Camel (Camelus Dromedarius) Milk With Particular Reference To Public Health
by Muhammad Ishaq | Dr. masood Rabbani | Dr. Muhammad | Prof. Dr. M. Akram Muneer | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: The present research was envisaged to study the bacteriological profile of raw camel's milk. A total of 50 milk samples were collected directly from the udders of healthy she-camels from various areas of Punjab and were examined for total viable counts (TVC), coliform counts (CC), effect of storage period on total viable counts and coliform counts, using milk ring test (MRT) for brucellosis and In-vitro antibiotic sensitivity tests for the isolates.
All the samples were found negative for milk ring test (MRT) and hence for Brucella abortus. Standard plate count was in the range of 1 .39x 10 to 2. 13x107 c.f.u./ml. The mean standard plate count remained 2. 1x106 C. f. u. /ml. The coliform count was in the range of 3 . 2x iO to 5 . 9x104 c . f.u.Iml. The overall mean for coliforms count remained 3 . 9x104 c . f.u . /ml.
The effect of storage period on standard plate count upto 12 hours was zero. At 24 hours, increase was not very high and it remained in the range of 0.008 % to 1.72% organisms per ml of milk. At 36 hours increase was in the range of 0.008% to 4.95%. Similarly the effect of storage period on coliform count was studied and it showed no increase in the number of organisms per ml upto 12 hours of storage. At 24 hours coliform count increase was in the range of 1.75% to 6.06% organisms/mi. At 36 hours, increase was in the range of 2.38 % to 9.09% organisms/mi. It showed that the storage period had no serious effect on the standard plate count and coliform count. Standard plate count (SPC) showed that 48 % samples gave between 1 .01x105 - 9.5x105 organisms per ml. which was not according to international standard of good quality raw milk. Of the total samples, 42 % gave the coliform count between 3 .2x103 - 6.2x103 organisms per ml which fulfilled the international standard of good quality raw milk.
Different types of colonies on milk agar, nutrient agar and MacConkey's agar were purified and identified. The species isolated from all the milk samples included; Staphylococcus aureus (14 strains), Staphylococcus epidermidis (8 strains), Escherichia coli (16 strains), Lactobacillusfermentum (4 strains) , Lactobacillus casei (12 strains), Bacillus cereus (10 strains), Bacillus subtilis (6 strains), Enterobacter aerogenes (4 strains) and Neisseria mucosa (4-strains).
In-vitro antibiotic sensitivity of different antibiotics with known concentrations was studied. Results showed that all of the isolated organisms were resistant to oxytetracycline, ampicillin and followed by penicillin while most of the organisms were sensitive to gentamycin, followed by chioramphenicol, kanamycin and streptomycin.
Escherichia coli was resistant to all the antibiotics used while gave intermediate results by gentamycin and penicillin.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0789,T] (1).
16.
Effect Of Experimental Yolk Sac Infection With Escherichia Coli On Immune Status Of Broiler Chicks
by Muhammad Salah-ud-Shah | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Dr. Asim Aslam | Dr. Masood Rabbani | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: The present project was designed to evaluate the effect of experimental yolk sac infection with E. coli on immune status of broiler chicks. One hundred day old broiler chicks were divided in to two groups i.e. A and B containing 50 birds each. Experimental infection with E. coli was given intra yolk to group A on day-1 of experiment, while group B was kept as control. Ten chicks from each group were sacrificed to collect serum and yolks on 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th day. Parameters studied were pathological examination of yolk sac, yolk sac/body weight ratio, antibody titer against Newcastle disease virus and analysis of fractional serum proteins.
Results of this experiment showed that yolk sac infection with E. coli led to gross pathological changes of yolk sac (enlarged, discoloured, abnormal consistency and congested blood vessels) and increased yolk sac/body weight ratio. Geometric mean titer against NDV was decreased in serum and yolk of treatment group. Analysis of fractional serum proteins by SDS-PAGE revealed that percentage area covered by most of serum protein fractions was decreased in treatment group as compared to control group.
It was concluded that intra yolk infection with E. coli resulted in pathological changes of yolk sac, increased yolk sac/body weight ratio and decreased immunity, which was evident from decreased maternal antibody titers and altered serum proteins profile of chicks.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0790,T] (1).
17.
Passive Immunistion Of Pasteurella Multocida Infected Rabbits
by Ali Ahmad | Dr. Masood Rabbani, Asso.Prof., CDL | Dr. Khushi Muhammad, Associate Prof | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2003Dissertation note: Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS), an important bacterial disease of buffaloes and cattle, is caused by Pasteurella multocida. Improved management practices and regular vaccination programme have significantly contributed to lowering the incidence of the HS disease in our country. The outbreaks are mostly experienced in young animals, especially, calves (Sheikh et al., 1996). Present study was conducted to determine the contribution of passive immunization against HS in infected rabbits. In this study, 5 rabbits were vaccinated thrice at 21 days interval, using oil base haemorrhagic septicaemia vaccine (OBHSV). A high titre of anti-Pasteurella multocida-antibodies in blood serum was determined on 56th day post boosting using indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test. A virulent Pasteurella multocida with mean lethal dose (LD50) of 10-6.749 was used for challenging the rabbits. The hyperimmune serum (1 ml, 256 IHA units) injected intravenously to Pasteurella multocida challenged rabbit showed 100% protection as compared that of intramuscularly injected serum, which showed 66.66% protection. Similarly the antigen control group showed 0% protection. Moreover, it was found suitable to passively immunize the animals before exposure or simultaneously with the exposure of Pasteurella multocida. It is concluded that the hyperimmune serum can therapeutically be used to cure the Pasteurella multocida infected rabbits.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0816,T] (1).
18.
Passive Immunization Against Canine Parvovirus In Dogs
by Umer Ahmad | Dr. Masood Rabbani | Dr. Asim Khalid | Dr. Khushi Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2003Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0836,T] (1).
19.
Studies On Teh Physicochemical Factors Affecting Keeping Quality Of Hyperimmune Yolk
by Jawad Nazir | Dr. Khushi Muhammad | Dr. Kamran | Dr. Masood Rabbani | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2003Dissertation note: Present study was conducted to investigate the production of immune yolk against multiple avian viruses and effect of physicochemical factors on its keeping quality. It was observed that peak antibody titers in the yolk of eggs laid by the birds vaccinated against avian viruses (Newcastle disease virus-NDV, infectious bursal disease virus-IBDV, avian influenza virus-AIV-H9 and hydro pericardium syndrome virus-HPSV) were attained on 4 weeks post-boosting which were maintained over subsequent 6 weeks and started declining thereafter. The immune yolk treated with chemicals (antibiotics, sodium azide and formaldehyde) was stored at room temperature, refrigerator and freezer. Any change in physical properties (color and odor) and antibody titer of the yolk was determined at day 0, 7, 14, 22 and 30 post-storage.
Antibiotics (penicillin, streptomycin and gentamycin) in the yolk during storage at room temperature inhibited the bacterial growth but permitted fungal growth that induced physico-chemical changes such as change in color, development of bad smell and reduction in antibody titer. Antibiotics / sodium azide treatment and freezing / refrigeration for more than 30 days showed undetectable change in antibody titer of the immune yolk. However, formaldehyde
in the yolk during storage at -20°C precipitated its proteins leaving clear fluid free from the antibodies.
Effect of chemically treated stored immune yolk was investigated on the recovery of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infected layer cockerels (35 days old). Antibiotics and sodium azide treated fresh and stored immune yolk (at 4°C for 15 days) containing 64 units of anti-ND V-haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies showed 100 percent protection in the birds. The immune yolk treated with the same chemicals and stored at -20°C for 30 days also showed 100 percent protection. However, antibiotics and sodium azide treated yolk (containing same titer of the antibodies) stored at 4°C for 30 days showed 70 percent and 90 percent protection, respectively. It is inferred that sodium azide in the immune yolk during storage at 4°C or -20°C might have preserved antibodies and hence such yolk may be used for passive immunization to treat the virus infected birds.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0840,T] (1).
20.
Standardizaion Of Indirect Elisa For Detection Of Antibodies Against Newcastle Disease Virus
by Muhammad Imran Najeeb | Dr. Mansur-ud-Din Ahmad | Dr. Azhar | Dr. Masood Rabbani | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2004Dissertation note: An Indirect ELISA was developed to detect Newcastle disease virus antibodies in chicken sera. Out of solid phases used flat bottom 96 well microtitration polystyrene plates proved best. Out of four types of antigens tested, crude antigen and alcohol precipitated antigen gave inconsistent results. An ultracentrifuged virus passed through sucrose gradient prepared from infectious allantoic-amniotic fluids (AAF) was proven best for ELISA antigen. However, an ammonium sulphate precipitated antigen prepared from AAF was also satisfactory. A comparison was made between the HI titers of chicken sera and the corresponding ELISA values. The ELISA is much more sensitive than the HI test.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0876,T] (1).
21.
Antibody Response Of Buffalo To Inactivated Foot And Mouth Disease (Aphtho) Virus Vaccine
by Nadeem Murtaza | Prof. Dr. Khushi Muhammad | Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: Buffaloes when vaccinated against Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) vaccine containing serotype "O" of the virus, showed detectable level of complement fixing (CF) antibodies. Buffaloes vaccinated with Aftovaxpur vaccine showed undetectable level of CF-antibodies when tested through complement fixation test using local vaccinal serotype "O" of FMD virus. However, buffaloes irrespective of age and sex when vaccinated with aluminum hydroxide adsorbed FMD vaccine containing serotype "O" of the FMD virus, showed detectable level of CF-antibodies, when tested through CFT using the local serotype "O" Of FMD virus. These antibodies disappeared fourth month post boosting. Buffalo calves immunized with oil based FMD vaccine showed high-level GMT titer (17.6) of the CF-antibodies. Rabbits immunized with the oil based FMD vaccine showed high level GMT (31.2) of the CF-antibodies. Low level of CF-antibodies might be sufficient to induce resistant to field exposure of the FMD virus serotype in the presence of blood complement. Sera of buffalo, cattle, sheep, goat and guinea pigs contained complement titer 35.2, 32.6, 19.2, 20.8, 614.4, respectively. Moreover, it was observed that complement activity remained stable when stored at -200C for 24 hours. The complement activity decreased from 1:512 to 192, 70.4, and 13.6 when stored at 40C, 250C and 370C, respectively. The complement activity was detectable when diluents containing Ca++and Mg++ ions were used.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0877,T] (1).
22.
Development Of Standard Protocols For Preparation And Evaluation Of Liver Homogenate Vaccines Against
by Sahidullah | prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani | Prof. Dr. Khushi Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: Twelve vaccines were prepared from HPS infected liver homogenate by using two different virus concentrations (1x102 &1x103 LD50) and two virus inactivants (1%formalin and 0.001%Binary ethyleneimine) with and with out different adjuvants. These vaccines were evaluated in 13 groups of day old broilers (105 chicks) for their comparative immunogenicity and protection. At day 14 of age, groups A1, B1, C1 & D1 were vaccinated with 4 oil base vaccines (OB-HPSV) with different virus concentration and different inactivants. Similarly groups A2, B2, C2 & D2 were vaccinated with aluminized vaccines (AH-HPSV) and groups A3, B3, C3 & D3 with non adjuvant vaccines (NA-HPSV). Groups E was kept as unvaccinated control group. All the vaccinated birds were found sero-positive 7 days post vaccination (PV). IHA GMT results indicated no difference for different virus concentrations and different virus inactivants but same adjuvant. The IHA GMT recorded weekly during 0-28 days post vaccination was the highest and more consistent (52-181) for OB-HPSV followed by AH-HPSV (52-147) and then NA-HPSV (73.3-104). All the birds vaccinated with OB-HPSV resisted the virus challenge 21 days PV (100% protection). While protection percentage recorded for AH-HPSV and NA-HPSV was 87.5 % & 62.5% respectively. It was concluded that 1x102 LD50 oil base vaccines inactivated with either formalin or binary amine may be recommended for commercial use being the best in experimental trails.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0878,T] (1).
23.
Passive Immunization Against Canine Distermper Virus In Dogs
by Ali Ahmed Malik | Prof. Dr. Masood Babbani | Prof. Dr. Khushi Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: Canine distemper is an important, highly contagious disease of dogs, caused by morbillivirus of family paramyxoviridae. The disease occurs worldwide in variety of hosts. In the present study, data relative to breed, sex and age susceptibility in clinically suspected cases of canine distemper was collected and analyzed. The disease is mostly seen in young nonvaccinated dogs of 4 to 6 months of age when maternal anti-CDV antibodies are decreased. Immune serum was raised in experimental dogs with commercially available measles live virus vaccine. The level of antibodies in the immune serum was determined by agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) and an ELISA based assay. Immune serum containing 128 AGPT units of anti-CDV antibodies was effective to control the disease in infected dogs after natural exposure to canine distemper virus. Finally the effective time for passive immunization against canine distemper was determined in experimental dogs. It was noted that immune serum offered protection to canine distemper immediately after infection, during the incubation period of the disease , 48 hours after infection and early phase of the disease(at the appearance of clinical signs). Passive immunization is not rewarding in the terminal phase of the disease (when infected dogs show nervous signs of the disease).Thus it is very useful for the prevention of disease in dogs kept with infected dogs in kennels and pet shops.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0882,T] (1).
24.
Standardization Of Indirect Sandwich Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay For Detection Of Foot And Mouth Disease
by Muhammad Mujahid Amjed | Prof. Dr. Khushi Muhammad | Professor Dr. Masood Rabbani | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is one of the most troublesome and infectious diseases of livestock, caused by the FMD virus. In this study Indirect Sandwich Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (IS-ELISA) was standardized to characterize the FMD serotype "0" virus. Oil based FMD serotype "0" vaccine was prepared and injected at the neck region of guinea pigs and rabbits. The vaccine induced anti-FMD serotype "0" virus antibodies in the vaccinated animals after 21 days post boosting. The serum thus separated was purified through ammonium sulfate salt (NH4)2S04 and ion exchange column chromatography. Total protein content in the guinea pig serum (whole serum), Ammonium Sulfate Precipitated Guinea Pig Serum (ASPGPS) protein and Ion Exchange based purified Guinea Pig Serum (IEGPS) protein when analyzed through spectrophotometer at 280 nm and 260 nm was found to be 52 ug/mi, 24 ug/ml and 10 ug/mi respectively. Virus Neutralization (VN) test was performed to monitor the neutralizing antibody titer. The whole serum of guinea pigs and rabbits showed the 1:32 and 1:64 anti-FMD serotype "0" virus neutralizing antibody titers. While anti-FMD serotype "0" virus neutralizing antibody titer was 1:128 in the IEGPS proteins. IEGPS protein with 1:128 neutralizing antibody titer were used as capture/trapping antibody in the standardization of the assay. The IEGPS protein 1:1000 diluted with 10 ug/ml of protein content was found to be optimum as capture/trapping antibody. To cover residual blank spaces, different available blocking buffers were evaluated and Skimmed Milk Solution 5 % in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBSSKIVI-5%) proved best amongst blocking buffers. Coating of 1:1000 diluted IEGPS at 37 °C for 1 hour followed by storage at 4 °C for overnight was best incubation time in the study. FMD serotype "0" virus 1:100 diluted was optimum in IS-ELISA. Similarly rabbit anti-FMD serotype "0" virus specific immune serum 1:10,000 diluted and goat anti-rabbit IgG horseradish peroxidase conjugate 1:4000 diluted were found to be optimum during the standardization of the assay. Lastly ELISA plates were proved to be best amongst the available plates for assay. In each experiment, plateau region, test background and plate background were recorded. Results of the study helped for establishment of an economical, sensitive, reliable, robust IS-ELISA technique in research and diagnostic laboratories in the country.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0883,T] (1).
25.
Studies On In Vitro Culture Characteristics Of Adherent Baby Hamster Kidney-21 (Bhk-21) Cell Line
by Saddeq-ru-Rahman | Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani | Prof. Dr. Khushi Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: Baby Hamster Kidney-2 1 (BHK-2 1) cell line growth pattern, growth requirements, growth effectors, cryopreservation and its susceptibility to different animal viruses were studied to optimize the in vitro culture requirements and conditions for maintenance and long time cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen of this cell line. It was observed that BHK-2l cells multiplied fast during first 48 hours and made a complete monolayer after getting confluency with in 72 hours post incubation which was followed by a decline phase. Fetal calf serum has growth stimulating effect and 5 - 10% serum level was satisfactory for the maintenance of cell line. While harvesting the cells from a flask, Trypsin (0.25%) with neutralization by fetal calf serum (5-10%) was found better. For cell storage 10% Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) through gradual cooling maintained maximum recovery of viable cells during cryopreservation.
Footh and mouth disease virus (FMDV; serotype "0" and "A") were adapted to cell this cell line, while canine parvo virus (CPV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV LaSota strain), canine distemper virus (CDV), and hydropericardium syndrome virus (HPSV) could not adapted to this cell line through five blind passages in this study.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0916,T] (1).
26.
Preparation And Evaluation Of Cell Culture Vaccines Against Hydropericadium Syndrome Virus In Poultry
by Jamshid Akhter | Masood Rabbani | Prof. Dr. Khushi Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: In this study a total of 9 vaccines were prepared, 6 vaccines were prepared from cell culture passaged HPS virus having TCID50 i' and inactivated with formalin and binary ethyleneimine (BET ) with and with out different adjuvant combinations. While other 2 vaccines were prepared from more diluted virus suspension with PBS (10 and 100 times) and were inactivated by binary amine and adjuvant was oil base. The 9th vaccine was prepared from infected liver homogenate (aqua base) and inactivated with formalin. These vaccines were evaluated in 10 groups of day old broilers (100 chicks) for their comparative immunogenicity and protection. At day 14 of age, groups Al, B 1, Cl, and C were vaccinated with four oil base vaccines with different virus concentration and different inactivants. Similarly groups Dl & D were vaccinated with aluminized vaccines and groups A, B, and El with non adjuvant vaccines. Groups E was kept as unvaccinated control group. Serum samples were collected from all groups on 0, 14, 28 and 42 day of age and subjected to AGPT for seroconversion. AGPT GMT results indicated difference for different virus concentrations and no difference for different virus inactivants but same adjuvant. The AGPT GMT recorded 0 & 14 day of age pre vaccination indicated the maternal antibodies against HPS in chicks were not protective level. The chicks became protective against the disease in most susceptible age. The AGPT GMT recorded 14 and 28 days post vaccination indicated the highest and more consistent (149.2 and 182) for oil base vaccines with virus concentration having TCID50 104.1 but for vaccines of diluted virus suspension then GMT was variable. Similarly aluminized vaccines showed (149 and 94.4) and non adjuvant cell culture vaccines showed (116 and 2.7) while non adjuvant liver homogenate showed (80.5 and 2.3). On day 42 of age, all birds were challenged with virulent HPS virus and percentage mortality and percentage protection for each group were recorded. Lowest mortality (0%) and highest protection (100%) were recorded for groups vaccinated with oil base vaccine. There was zero mortality and 100 percent protection were recorded for group Dl (BET inactivated) while in group D (formalinized) there was 10 percent mortality and 88 percent protection in groups vaccinated with aluminized vaccines. While mortality and protection in groups vaccinated with non adjuvant cell culture vaccines were 25% and 71.5% while in group vaccinated with non adjuvant liver homogenate vaccine was 50% and 44%, respectively. Cell culture oil base vaccine against HPS virus, having io' TCID50 inactivated with BET was concluded the best in experimental trails and has been recommended for commercial production after field evaluation.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0918,T] (1).
27.
Studies On The Physico-Chemical Factors Affecting In Vitro Replication Of Foot And Mouth Disease Virus (Serotype"O")
by Muhammad Taslim Ghori | Prof. Dr. Khushi Muhamamd | Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani ( | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2007Dissertation note: Effect of physical (temperature, U.V light, and pH) and chemical factors such as sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium permanganate, formaldehyde, citric acid, fin-virus, iodine and sodium hypochlorite on the replicating ability of"O" type of FMD virus on BHK cell line was determined.
The FMD virus of known TCID was exposed to 37, 57 and 77°C for 15, 30 and 45 minutes. Each of the virus's aliquot exposed to temperature was inoculated to 8 wells of the 96-well cell culture plate containing adherent monolayer of BI-IK cell line. The plates were incubated at 37 °C for 48 hours. The results showed that the temperature more than 57°C can inactivate the virus within 15 minutes. The virus was admixed in the MEM-199 maintenance media at pH 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11. The results showed that the virus was survived at pH 7 but virus was inactivated at pH 3, 5, 9 and 11. The FMD virus of the known TCID o was exposed to U.V. light (1 foot distance) for 15, 30 and 45 minutes. The results indicated that the virus tolerated UV light of 252.7nrn as it showed cytopathogenic effects (CPE).
The FMD virus of known TCID was exposed to 0.5 x, lx, and 2x concentration of each of the iodine, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, formalin, finvirus, potassium permanganate, sodium hypochlorite and citric acid for 30, 60 and 90 minutes. Each of the virus's aliquot exposed to either of chemical factors was inoculated to 8 well of the 96-well culture plate containing adherent monolayer of the BI-IK cell line. The plates were incubated at 37 °C for 48 hours. Development of CPE indicated the virus inactivating ability of the chemical factor. The results showed that formalin, iodine, finvirus and sodium hypochiorite are more effective against FMD virus.
The results of the study are helpful to curtail the spread of virus, to implement the effective bio-security measures in our local conditions and in processing of animal products fit for export.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0955,T] (1).
28.
Seroprevalence Of Bovine Brucellosis In District Quetta, Balochistan
by Muhammad Shafee | Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani | Dr. Mansur-ud-Din Ahmad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2007Dissertation note: The sero-epidemiological study of bovine brucellosis was carried out to observe the incidence of brucellosis in slaughterhouse and Government and private dairy farm, (GDF, PDF) Quetta, Balochistan. The prevalence of this disease out of 780 serum samples of cattle and buffalo in slaughterhouse was recorded 3% by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and 3.20% by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA), respectively. The zoonotic natures of this disease was also checked by screening 20 serum samples of slaughterhouse workers butchers and veterinarians and were found (5%) 01 positive out of 20 by RBPT but no positive case was found by i-ELISA. Similarly the disease was also checked in 200 milk samples of Government and Privatly owned Dairy Farm, Quetta.
The overall prevalence observed in the area by screening 1000 serum and milk samples of the target human, cattle and buffalo, was 4.2 % through i-ELISA.
The prevalence observed in Government Dairy Farm (GDF), Quetta was 14.8% (11 positive out of 74) while the Private Dairy Farm (PDF), exhibited 4.76% (6 positive out of 126 milk samples) by screening through i-ELISA. At GDF, Quetta, out of total of 74 cattle, no case were found positive by MRT, although 03 cases were found doubtful while i-ELISA show 11 positive cases in cattle (14.8%) while in private dairy farm 4 out of 15 cattle (26%) were found positive and 01 was considered doubtful by MRT and ELISA detected 06 cases of cattle out of 15(40%). Similarly 2 out of Ill (1.8%) buffalo were positive and 02 were doubtful by MRT but ELJSA did not detect any positive case and the prevalence of bovine brucellosis was higher in animals with reproductive disorders especially in cases of abortion.
The present study also revealed that the disease is more prevalent in cattle than buffalo both in slaughterhouse and organized dairy farm (Govt and private). In slaughterhouse 12 out of 23 cases were found positive by RBPT and 22 out of 23 were found positive by i-ELISA while in organized dairy farm all of the 17 milk samples were found positive from cattle population.
The efficacy of the i-ELISA both for milk and serum samples was found higher than other two conventional tests (MRT and RBPT), as it detected higher percentage of brucellosis cases both in serum and milk samples in comparison to other two tests.
The results of this study have revealed an alarming situation of bovine brucellosis in our dairy animals, which needs an emergent response from policy makers, as the disease is a potential threat to the human and animal health.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0964,T] (1).
29.
Effects Of Different Disinfectatnts On Pathogens In Poultry
by Asif Abbas Malik | Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani | Prof. Dr. Khushi Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2006Dissertation note: Poultry sector is the second largest industry after textile in Pakistan. It is threatened by various diseases i.e; Newcastle disease (ND), Avian Influenza (Al), Colibacillosis, Hydro-pericardium syndrome (HPS) and Infectious bursal disease (IBD, Gumboro). The efficacy of various available disinfectants (Hygen 275 — 2000 H, Virkon S and Aldekol) was tested at 2x, lx and Y2 x dilution against Staphylococcus aureus, Escheria Coil, Newcastle Disease virus and Avian Influenza virus. Each dilution of all the disinfectant was divided into 4 aliquots i.e; a, b, c and d (each of the
aliquot, for each pathogen). Each aliquot were mixed with equal volume of either of the pathogen. The mixture of the disinfectant and the pathogen was incubated at 37°C for a period of 15, 30 and 45 minutes of interaction. The contents were collected aseptically and processed to evaluate the effectiveness of the disinfectants. Disinfectant A (Hygen 275-2000H) showed good bactericidal as well as virucidal activity at 1% dilution. Disinfectant B (Virkon S) was able to kill all the bacteria and viruses even at 0.25 % dilution. While, disinfectant C (Aldekol) effectively killed the bacteria and viruses at 0.5 % and I % dilutions. Results of the study will help the farmers to adopt effective biosecurity measures to minimize the challenges at farm level.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0966,T] (1).
30.
Genotyping Of Echinococcus Granulosus And Its Comparative Prevalence In Sheep, Goat And Human
by Muhammad Imran Bhatti | Prf.Dr. Azhar Maqbool | Miss. Sabiqaa Masood | Mr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2007Dissertation note: Hydatidosis is caused by metacestode of the dog worm Echinococcus granulosus. It is a serious problem for both Public health and livestock economy.Echinococcus granulosus has number of genetically distinct strains which are known to differ morphologically and epidemiologically. Out of 1000 sheep and goat examined only 45 Samples of hydatid cysts were collected from different organs i.e. livers, kidneys, lungs and hearts from Lahore abbatoir. Fertility and viability of the cysts was observed microscopically. Genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus was performed through Polymerase Chain Reaction Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Seroprevalence of hydatidosis in 50 butchers working in abattoir was also determined by the use of Latex agglutination test (LAT) kit for detection of hydatidosis.
Considerable information is available about genetic variants of E. granulosus around the world. Ten genotypes of E. granulosus have been described, which exhibit a diversity of morphology, development, and host range, as confirmed by various studies. In the Mediterranean area, the Gl or common sheep strain, 02, the buffalo strain 03, and the equine strain 04 have been found in Spain, Italy, Lebanon, and Syria
To date, molecular studies using mainly DNA sequences cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COl) and NADH dehydrogenase 1 (ND1) genes have identified ten distinct genotypes (01 -G 10) within E. granulosus. This categorization follows very closely the patterns of strain variation emerging from biological and epidemiological traits.
In this study we perform serum analysis of butchers to detect antibodies against Echinococcus so that the prevalence of Echinococus can be checked, the data available indicated that 14% of butchers population is infected with Echinococus. In order to confirm the starin of Echinococcus in sheep and goat the PCR-RFLP analysis of ND I gene of Echinococus were performed .The data obtained was analysed and it was concluded that the 01 strain of echinococus is prevalent in sheep and goat in Punjab area. It is hoped that the findings of the present study will be helpful for further planning about the control of the disease and correlating the prevalence in sheep, goats and butchers from the zoonotic point of view.
The results demonstrated that PCR-RFLP analysis of samples of patients suspected for Echinococcus is a promising diagnostic method and also confirms the type of Echinococus prevalent in that area and also enables an early direct detection of parasite DNA. This will help to curtail this drastic malady at an early stage and will help to devise the trategy to minimize the losses due to this disease.
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31.
Control Of Eimeria Tenella Infection In Broilers By Using Sugar Extracts As Immunostimulant
by Mohsin Ali Bhatti | Prf.Dr. Azhar Maqbool | Mr.Ovais Omer | Sabiqaa Masood | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2007Dissertation note: The effects of oral administration of Sugar Cane Extract (SCE) on Elmeria tenella oocysts infection in commercial broiler chickens were evaluated in this study. For the purpose an experiment was conducted in the Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore.
One hundred and sixty (160) day old chicks were divided into 4 groups, i.e. A, B, C and D each consisting of 40 chicks. Group A acted as non-infected and non-medicated control (healthy control), group B was infected with Elmeria tenella sporulated oocysts on day 21 @ 20000 per chick and acted as infected control. Members of Group C were orally administered SCE @ 500mg! kg body weight on day 21 and then challenged with the same dose of E. tenella oocysts. Members of Group D were orally administered SCE at the dose rate of 500mg/kg body weight for three consecutive days and then challenged with the same dose of E. tenella oocysts. The result indicated that maximum reduction of OPG counts (98.73%) occurred in members of group D which were administered SCE (500 mg/kg) for three consecutive days and then challenged with E. tenella oocysts. Group C (Administered SCE for a single day @ 500mg/kg) was placed at no.2 and the reduction in this Group occurred as 83.54% as compared to Group B. Mean body weight gains were calculated by taking difference between average weight records on day 21 & day 35 of age (final weight record). The difference of each group was compared with healthy control and percentage of weight gains of all the groups were recorded and also compared as in table 6. Therefore in terms of Mean body weight gains as compared to control (healthy) Group A, Group D was placed at no.1, Group C at no.2 and Group B which acted as infected and non-medicated was placed at no.3 in terms of body weight gains. These results suggest that SCE have immunostimulating and protective effects against E. tenella infection in broilers.
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32.
Detection Of Cryptosporidiosis By Pcr In Calves
by Abbas Haider Syed | Prf.Dr. Azhar Maqbool | Dr | Miss Sabiqa Masood | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: Ciyptosporidiosis is caused by oocysts present in water or faeces. It is a serious problem for both Public health and livestock economy. Ciyptosporidium has four species i.e., C. parvum, C. muris, C. wrairi, and C. felis in which Cryptosporidium parvum is most important as it is the more prevalent species.
Out of 300 animals examined only 90 animals were showing diarrhoea. For the detection of Ciyptosporidiosis the faecal samples were examined by ZN staining under light microscope. Out of three hundred calves samples only sixty were found positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts while rest of two hundred and forty were found negative.
Four thousand oocysts per gram of faeces detected by ZN staining are considered positive of ciyptosporidiosis. In this study only forty six samples showed threshold number of oocysts per gram of faeces while eleven were positive but their count was less than four thousand per gram. There were three such samples which show very few numbers of oocysts per gram of faeces.
Samples from female calves showed more positive results as compared to samples from male calves. There was also an interesting fact that the age group ranging from, day eleven to day twenty one, were showing more positive samples as compared to the age group ranging from, day one to tenth day. The overall percentage of positive samples was twenty percent.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1030,T] (1).
33.
Staphylococcal Coagglutination Test For Rapid Detection Of Foot And Moth Disease Virus
by Baitullah Khan | Dr. Atif Hanif | Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Foot and mouth disease is a highly contagious, viral disease of cloven hoofed animals and causes high economic losses. Rapid detection of FMD is necessary to control the disease from spreading. Although several reliable tests like ELISA, CFT' and PCR already exit but none of them applicable in field conditions. The aim of this study was to optimize rapid, economical and sensitive test for the detection of FMD. For this purpose rabbits were used to raise immune sera against FMD virus with one uninnoculated control. Immune sera collected from these rabbits at different time interval and presence of antibody was determined by using AGPT. Immune sera were then conjugated with satbalized and inactivated staphylococcus aureus cell using different dilutions. Cell wall of S. aureus contains Protein A which naturally binds with Fc portion of IgG leaving the Fab portion to interact with antigen. In presence of homologues antigen causing agglutination was seen with nacked eyes. Light blue background was found best while observing results.
The coagglutination test was applied on FMD known antigen. Clear agglutination on slide was observed by mixing equal quantity of COAT reagent and its respective antigen. Total 40 vesicular fluid samples from FMD infected animals were tested with COAT, in which 38 yielded positive results and the remaining two yielded negative results. COAT reagents were also tested against PPR virus depicting negative results. COAT was found specific for FMD antigens. This test is quick and generates results within five minutes.
This reagents of CAOT also applied on two fold dilution of vesicular fluid from FMD infected animal and positive result were observed up to 1:32 dilution. This test is sensitive, specific, economical and rapid for detection of FMD. This test was successfully used for detection of FMD in filed.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1176,T] (1).
34.
Production, Purification And Concentration Of Rabbit Anti Goat I&G Antibodies
by Yasir Ashrif | Dr. Abdu Saeed Hashmi | Dr. Ali Raza | Ms. Faiza Masood.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Antibodies are not only important in medical research but these are also important in treatment. In this study, the production, purification and concentration of polyclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against goat IgG immunoglobulins in rabbits was carried out. Partial purification of goat IgG obtained at 33 % ammonium sulphate saturation was 2.43 mg/mL. It was followed by Diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose ion exchange chromatography which gave purified fraction of IgG. Then it was concentrated by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and now the IgG concentration was found 3.17 mg/mL. After purification, different doses of IgG in combination with adjuvant were injected into nine, 8 months old rabbits. After immunization of rabbits, the blood samples were collected and antigoat IgG was purified as described above, this rabbit antigoat IgG concentration after purification was found 3.26 mg/mL. Production of these anti-IgG antibodies were tested by agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) and radial immunoassay. The titer of AGPT with goat and rabbit serum was 256 and the titer with IgG was 32. The purity of IgG was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), by obtaining 50 KDa bands of IgG heavy chains and 25 KDa bands of light chains. However, this purified rabbit anti-goat IgG when conjugated with horse radish peroxidase can serve to diagnose various microbial infections of goat through ELISA.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1197,T] (1).
35.
Prevalence Of Multiple Drug Resistant (Mdr) Bacteria In Intestinal Infections Of Dogs
by Iffat Habib | Dr. Aftab Ahmad Anjum | Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Antimicrobial resistance is a complex problem involving various bacterial species, resistance mechanisms, transfer mechanisms and reservoirs. Cats and dogs are the potential sources for spread of antimicrobial resistance in humans due to their close contact with them. The horizontal transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes through plasmids, integrons and transposons has been found to play an important role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes. Canine antimicrobial resistant genes had been identified in bacteria isolated from human clinical infections suggesting the spread of resistance mechanisms from canine to human bacteria.
The present study has been designed to study the prevalence of multiple drug resistant strains causing enteritis in dogs. 100 Samples were collected from different Pet clinics in and around of Lahore city. These samples were cultured for identification of MDR bacteria. Antibiotic resistance profile was studied by the standard Disk diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer Method) for commonly used antibiotics. These MDR bacteria were isolated and identified as per standard protocols described in the Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Different combinations of antibiotics were also evaluated for in-vitro antibiotic sensitivity for an effective treatment of these cases so that the load of MDR bacteria could be reduced.
From the collected samples E. coli, Salmonella enterica, Proteus vulgaris, Citrobacter diversus and Psedomonas spp. were identified. Among all of these E.coli was most prevalent followed by Salmonella enterica, Citrobacter diversus, Proteus vulgaris and Psedomonas spp. Out of 127 E.coli isolates 52 40.94%) were declared as MDR-Bacteria following 50 Salmonella enterica isolates 17 (34.00%), 17 Citrobacter diversus 6 (35.29), 12 Proteus vulgaris isolates 06 (50%). It was concluded that MDR isolates were most sensitive to antibiotic combination (Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid), followed by (Oxytetracyclin + Tylosin), (Gentamycin + Ceftriaxone), and (Penicillin + Streptomycin). Out of 52 MDR E.coli isolates 23 (44.23%) were found to be invasive. Recommendations are made on prudent use of antimicrobial drugs in dogs, as well as on the need to develop science-based infection control programs in veterinary hospitals.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1231,T] (1).
36.
Uterine Microbial Flora Of Sahiwal Cattle During Oestrus And Its Relayionship With Pregnancy Rate
by Habib- Ur- Rehman | Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani | Dr. Ali Ahmad Sheikh | Prof. Dr. Nasim.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: In the present study uterine microbial flora of Sahiwal cattle during oestrus and its relationship with pregnancy rate was determined. According to the results a total of 11 bacterial species were isolated from 50 uterine samples of estrus Sahiwal cattle, maintained at Livestock Production Research Institute (LPRI), Bahardur Nagar, district Okara, Punjab province, Pakistan. The isolates include E. coli, Micrococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Citrobacter diversus, Salmonella spp., Proteus spp. and Corynebacterium spp. Tabulation of results showed that prevalence of these isolates was different among pregnant and non-pregnant animals. Moreover, E .coli, Micrococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Citrobacter diversus are found to be thriving in uterus as normal microbial flora, whereas, Streptococcus spp. isolate as abnormal microbial flora appearing to be having some role in decreasing pregnancy rate. While, Pseudomonas spp., Corynebacterium spp. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Salmonella spp., and Proteus spp. Isolates could not be differentiable as normal and abnormal uterine microbial flora due to insignificant available data. Furthermore, complete blood counts of 50 blood samples of these same animals indicated that those animals harboring isolates like Streptococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Corynebacterium spp. in their uterus, had more likelihood of abnormally increased value of Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) than to presence of any other bacteria. But due to lower data of Pseudomonas spp., and Corynebacterium spp isolated from total samples, only Streptococcus spp. seemed to be ranked as abnormal in Pakistani Sahiwal cattle cows. Interestingly all those animals from where Corynebacterium spp. was isolated, were showing increased values both of MCV and HCT (Hematocrit) which is indicative of their pathogenic role in causing uterine infections.
On the basis of this study it can be modestly concluded that uterine microbial flora identification may serve as a better tool in assessing and foretelling the reproductive health status of the breeding animals. After necessary assessment, presence of any harmful microbial flora or pathogen can be effectively treated through either selecting an appropriate antibiotic by using culture sensitivity testing or by using any suitable bactericidal agent thereby help in boosting conception and pregnancy rates.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1293,T] (1).
37.
Uterine Microbial Frlora Of Nili Ravi Buffalo During Estrus And Its Relationship With Pregnancy Rate
by Sohail Raza | Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani | Dr. Ali Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Iqbal.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: The low conception rate has been reported as one of the major cause of poor productivity of livestock. Beside other reasons, presence of different types of microflora inside the uterus of breeding animals, play a key role in the failure of pregnancy. All these microbes results in the infection of uterus ultimately affecting drastically the animal's conception rate. To study the impact of microbial flora on conception rate, 50 Nili Ravi buffalos were selected from Buffalo Research Institute, Pattoki. The breeding animals in heat just before artificial insemination were used to collect bacterial samples with the help of especially prepared and sterilized AI rod with some accessories. The samples were processed for the identification of bacterial microflora by doing number of conventional tests for final characterization. In this study seven different bacterial isolates were identified from all the samples. These include: Escherichia coli, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, Citrobacter species, Proteus species, Lactbacillus species, and Micrococcus species. After elapse of proper period of time the pregnancy statuses of all these buffaloes were determined and correlated with the presence or absence of isolated microbes. The results indicated that Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolates were the most prominent bacteria in all the samples collected from pregnant, non pregnant and aborted animals. These two isolates could be designated as normal uterine microbial flora of Nili-Ravi buffaloes because of their presence during all the physical and pathological conditions. Proteus species and Micrococcus species were mostly isolated in pregnant animals. Statistical analysis also confirmed the above statement. Previous reports corroborate the present study and confirm that these bacteria are ranked as normal uterine microbial flora of bovines. So the previous study and present results confirm that both are the normal uterine microbial flora of pregnant Nili-Ravi buffaloes In the present study the prevalence of the Citrobacter spp. only in the aborted animals is supported by the previous studies which show that Citrobacter spp. Is only present in the diseased animals and it also cause the sporadic abortion. Statistical analysis of the data also proved the significance of Citrobacter spp. in aborted animals. So this concludes that Citrobacter spp. are the abnormal uterine microbial flora of Nili-Ravi buffaloes in Pakistan which leads to abortion. The present study has been able us to find the normal and the abnormal uterine microbial flora of Nili-Ravi buffaloes. This information will help to understand the infection process in breeding buffaloes and through corrective actions may decrease the infection rate / abortion rate in Nili-Ravi buffaloes.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1306,T] (1).
38.
Phylogenetic Analysis Of Newcastle Disease Virus On The Basis Of Fusion Protein Gene Isolated From Poultry In Lahore District
by Saleem Hassan Shahzad | Dr. Tahir Yaqub | Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbabi.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Among the destructive and vastly communicable viral infections of poultry the most devastating disease is Newcastle Disease (ND) caused by a virus belong to genus Avulavirus of paramyxoviridae family, avian paramyxovirus-1. The NDV causes huge economic losses to the Poultry Industry. The available vaccines failed to protect the birds from the disease; this project is designed to find reasons of the vaccine failures. Keeping in view the importance of outbreaks reported due to NDV and adverse effects on Poultry Industry a study was conducted to examine the function of the cleavage site of Fusion protein sequencing, in Newcastle Disease Virus virulency through Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction via objective to find the genetic variations among the different isolates of Newcastle Disease field viruses in Lahore District.
One hundred suspected samples of NDV from dead and morbid birds were collected from different sources and areas of Lahore district. Prepared inoculums were inoculated in the 9-11 days old embryonated hen eggs for virus isolation. The allontoic amniotic fluid (AAF) was harvested and tested for HA activity. Further confirmation of NDV was done by using Reference NDV antiserum (HI). Out of 100 samples, 63 showed Hemagglutination activity with washed chicken RBCs and only 16 samples were repressed with specific known NDV antiserum. The remaining samples showed inhibition with known H5, H7 and H9 specific antiserum (12, 13, and 22) respectively. The isolates that were found to be positive through Hemagglutination Inhibition Test (HI) were further tested for Intra Cerebral Pathogencity Index (ICPI). ICPI was performed to characterize the isolates into Lentogenic, Mesogenic and Velogenic forms. The ICPI values obtained after pathogencity test of 16 isolates showed that only 6 isolates have the pathogenicity index above 1.5, and the remaining isolates below 1.5 and above 1, the average higher ICPI value of 16 virus isolates was 1.78.
On the basis of Intracerebral Pathogencity index (ICPI) results only 5 samples were selected for RNA extraction and PCR amplification. The RNA extraction was performed by using kit method (High Pure RNA Isolation kit by Roche-Germany) as recommended by the manufacturer. The gene representing F protein was amplified through Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
Nucleotide sequencing of complete (1580 bp) F gene of 1 NDV isolate was performed. The sequencing results of 1580 bp were compiled and sequence alignment of the NDV isolates, based on a variable portion covering the F-gene site, was done by using, software, ClustalW. The Neighbor-joining phylogenetic Tree was constructed with bootstrap value 1000 using software, MEGA 4.1. The phylogenetic result showed that our isolate has been distinct from Pakistani isolate and has 96% similarity with SPVC/Karachi/33/2007 (velogenic) available in GenBank.
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39.
A Study On Prevalance Of Hcv Genotypes And Risk Factors Of Hepatitis C Virus In Punjab
by Tahira Tarar | Miss Faiza Masood | Dr. Muhammad | Mr. Zahid Mushtaq.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) was marked as major agent which causes non-A, non-B hepatitis. Various partial and complete sequences of HCV nucleotide had been identified in the world. When these sequences were compared a marked genetic heterogeneity was revealed, that suggested the existence of HCV genotypes. Recent studies have pointed out the association of different HCV genotypes with different profiles of pathogenecity, infectivity and response to antiviral therapy. In our study we used typing system based on genotype specific primers focused on HCV 5´-UTR by using PCR. Genotype specific primers were designed for genotype 1, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b and 4. 100 samples of HCV positive patients were collected. The frequency of occurrence of genotype 2a was 4 %, 2b was 5 %, 3a was 71 %, 3b was 11% and untypeable was 9 %. Blood transfusions, therapeutic injections, reuse of needles, dental procedures, shaving practices, body piercings, jaundice, dialysis, surgery and other multiple risk factors associated with HCV were studied. Major risk factor among females was therapeutic injections and among males the major risk factor was absence of shaving precautions. The study concludes that the most prevalent genotype in Punjab province is 3a. As each genotype sequence is different, the antiviral therapy against that particular genotype is also different. The treatment would only be successful if the genotype of HCV infected patient is known. This study will help in correlating efficacy of interferon therapy with different HCV genotypes and to understand the mode of transmission for hepatitis C virus.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1336,T] (1).
40.
Passive Immunization Of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Infected Birds Using Chemically Purified Immune Yolk
by Ammara Akram | Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani | Prof. Dr. Khushi Muhammad.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a major killer disease of poultry. It is also known as
Gumboro disease where the disease was reported first time. It is double stranded RNA
virus belongs to the family birna viridae. This disease is quite endemic in Pakistan
which has huge impact on poultry industry. Besides vaccination if immune yolk is
properly harvested and purified it can be used for treating of IBDV infected birds.
Therefore this work has been outlined to study the effectiveness of immune yolk in
experimentally produced IBDV infected birds. Refinement of yolk IgY from egg yolk
of immunized hens. Suitability in using hyperimmune egg yolk in IBD infected bird
in field conditions. In order to get hyper immunized egg yolk 20 commercial layers
were raised in poultry shed of the university. They were supplied with fresh water and
feed ad libitum with proper hygienic condition. The birds were vaccinated with oil
based killed Gumboro vaccine twice at 15 days interval at the age of 26 weeks to get
immune yolk. Eggs were collected at two weeks interval till two and half months after
boosting. Immune yolk was purified by chemical means. Antibody against IBD in egg
yolk and semi purified egg yolk IgY was measured by indirect ELISA kit method.
The eggs which were collected 15 days interval after boosting had the highest
antibody titre which decline with the passage oftime and lowest was recorded 75 days
after boosting. Similar pattern of results were also observed in semi purified egg yolk.
However significant antibody titre was lost during purification process. 50
commercial chicks of 15 days old were purchased and they were reared in poultry
shed in the university up to 36 days. They were splitted in eight groups and two
experiments were carried out side by side. In experimental chicks the birds were
challenged with the Gumboro infected bursal homogenates which were confirmed by agar gel diffusion tests. In first experiment the birds were challenged at the day of 30 days and they were provided with passive therapy of immune yolk and semi purified
IgY after 3 days of challenge. In the second experiment the birds were challenged and
passive immuno therapy was provided 24 hours interval of challenge and concurrently. The birds which received semi purified immune yolk and antibody titre having more or less 4000 they showed 20% mortality in the each group.
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41.
Preparation Of Turnip Peroxidases And Its Application To Remove The Phenolic Content Of Sannerty Effluent
by Muhammad Usman Amin | Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi | Miss. Faiza Masood | Mr. Tanveer.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Peroxidases are heme-containing oxidizing enzymes, which are wide spread in nature. They have the ability to catalyze the oxidation of many organic and inorganic electron donor substrates through a reaction with hydrogen peroxide or organic hydrogen peroxides. In this study peroxidase were purified from turnip using ammonium sulphate precipitation, poly ethylene glycol precipitation and zinc sulphate precipitations in order to find some simple and less expensive procedure for partial purification of peroxidases. Ammonium sulphate and PEG (6000) in the presence and absence of NaCl were used to make aqueous two phase system. Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) without NaCl purified enzyme most efficiently. (NH4)2SO4 layer was subjected to dialysis and for further purification on sephadex gel which gave maximum enzyme activity of 1544u/mg protein. SD-PAGE analysis was done to determine enzyme purity. Purified enzyme was charged into the tannery waste water along with H2O2 to remove toxic phenolic content up to 98.24%.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1356,T] (1).
42.
To Study The Extraction, Purification And Characterization Of Papain Form Carica Papaya
by Hafiz Anis-Ur-Rehman Tariq | Miss Faiza Masood | Dr. Abu Saeed Hadhmi | Mir.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: In this piece of research work, the Extraction, Purification and Characterization of Papain (a proteolytic enzyme) from Papaya fruit (Carica Papaya L. of Caricaceae family) were carried out. For this purpose, the Peelings, Flesh and Seeds of the Papaya fruit were used. Extraction of Papain was done using 0.1M alkaline Phosphate buffer. Purification of Papain was carried out by Ammonium Sulphate precipitation and dialysis followed by Gel filtration by Sephadex G-75. Then Characterization of Papain such as protein estimation, determination of proteolytic activity (International Unit) of enzyme and SDS-PAGE analysis were performed to determine the molecular weight. Finally, the yield and proteolytic activity of the Papain obtained from the Peelings, Flesh and Seeds of the Papaya fruit was measured and compared with the commercial product available in the market.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1362,T] (1).
43.
Production And Characterization Of Hemicellulaase Activities From Aspergillus Flavus
by Hamna Qayyum | Ms.Faiza Masood | Dr. Abu saeed hashmi | Mr. Tanveer.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: The study was conducted with objective of optimized xylanase using local raw materials from indigenous isolate of Apergillus jlavus.
The fungus was grown on different carbon sources including wheat bran, rice polishing for the production of xylanase enzyme. All four fungi produced xylanase activity in the medium containing wheat bran and rice polishing (1%) at pH 7.0 for 4 days. Maximum activity (14.3U/mL) was depicted by A. jlavus3 in medium with wheat bran. On the basis of better xylanase production A. jlavus3 was selected for further production and characterization of enzyme studies. The highest xylanase activity was achieved in cultivation with wheat bran (lS.8U/mL).
A slightly higher quantity of xylanase was produced by the strain in wheat bran-supplemented medium (18.5 U/mL) followed by rice polishing (17.9 U/mL) when 3% carbon sources were used. The effect of supplementation of different source of nitrogen on xylanase activity by A. flavus was studied with 3 % carbon source. Of all the nitrogen sources investigated, yeast extract (organic source) was the most promising and the corresponding xylanase production was 19.9 UlmL (wheat bran) and 18.3 U/mL (rice polishing). Com step liquior was used to enhance the activity of xylanase which was approx. 10 % higher than that of control medium lacking com step liquior. The highest level of xylanase activity as well as extracellular protein using wheat bran was reported .Maximum xylanase production occurred at pH 5.5 and activities of enzyme were obtained at temperature 30°C for A. jlavus.
The enzyme was purified by gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography. The enzyme activity was characterized on different temperatures and pH ranges.
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44.
Detection Of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Prevalent In Dairy Herds Of Punjab, Pakistan
by Humayun Gohar | Dr. Masood rabbani | Dr. Arfan ahmad | Factuly of veterinary science.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Mucosal disease virus (MDV)is a positive senseRNA virus having genome of
approximately 12.3 kb in length and is one of the most insidious and ubiquitous virus of
bovines throughout the world.The presence of persistently infected animals having no clinical
signs, need rapid screening whether they carry infectious agent or not. Now-a-days many
serological procedures and virus isolation techniques are used for diagnosis of bovine viral
diarrhea virus (BVDV) infected animals.BVDV is very difficult, laborious and time consuming
to isolate in cell culture or in laboratory animal. But it can be substituted by antigen capture
ELISA method which is very specific as well as sensitive and easy to perform. Therefore, the
detection of mucosal disease virus (MDV) by Antigen Capture ELISAhas become a sound
alternative to routine tests. Antigen Capture ELISAidentifies BVDV infected animals by
detecting virus in serum and blood samples, etc. The study was organized to detect BVDV in
dairy animals at selected areas Punjab and to evaluate comparative prevalence of BVDV in
cattle and buffaloes.One hundred and eighty four bovine blood samples were collected from
both public and private livestock farms. Blood samples were collected from Military Farms,
Lahore, BRI (Buffalo Research Institute, Pattoki), LPRI (Livestock Production Research
Institute, Bahadarnagar, Okara), Government Livestock Farm, Rakh-Ghulamman, Kalurkot and
from private sector,Rizi dairiesChunia, Supreme Farm Multan Road, Lahore and Livestock and
Dairy Products Farm lumber, Lahore. The collected serum samples were screened for detecting
virus through indirect antigen capture ELISA.lt showed that 16.85% cattle and 6.31 % buffalo
were found positive for BVDV.lt was also found that prevalence of BVDV infection was lower
at private farms as compared to Government farms. Lowest prevalence (0%) was found in
Friesian cow, whereas, highest prevalence (50%) was found in Sahiwal cattle. The cross bred
animals were also infected by BVDV infection. Overall prevalence of BVDV infection in
buffalo was lower than cattle population.
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45.
Formulation And Stability Evaluation Of An Optimum Opical Preparation Using Hippophae Rhamnoidesl. Oil For The Treatment of Psoriasis
by Hina Hussain | Muhammad Irfan Masood | Dr. Farzana Chowdhary | Dr. Muhammad.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Multiple emulsion is a triphasic system in which the two miscible phases are separated from each other by an inner immiscible phase. In w/o/w multiple emulsion the two queous phases are separated by oily layer. Formulation and stabilization of multiple emulsions from natural oil is the difficult task due to the complex nature of the oil and poor interaction with emulsifiers. Hippophae rhamnoide L. oil, a natural oil, obtained from barries of plant belong to family Elaeagniaceae naturally found in northern areas of Pakistan is effective for healing of skin wounds, Eczema and Psoriasis. In the present study two multiple emulsions were prepared multiple emulsion base 'B' (containing Magnesium sulfate as marker substance) and multiple emulsion formulation 'F' Containing zinc sulfate as (active ingredient). Both preparations contained Hipophae rhamnoides L. oil. Both multiple emulsions were prepared using Two-step method and its stability was evaluated by observing changes in organoleptic parameters, pH, globule size, electrical conductivity and viscosity in samples kept at 4Co ,25Co, 40Co ,40Co+75% RH at various time intervals (Ohr.24hrs,48hrs,72hrs,lstweek, 2ndweek,3rd week, 4th week) for period of 28 days. Data was analyzed using ANOV A-Two ways and LSD design to see variations in parameters at time and temperature levels in each formulation kept at different storage conditions and unpaired student T-test to compare results of stability parameters of Formulation B with Formulation F . Both the multiple emulsions B' and 'F' showed phase inversion at 4°C after 24hrs of storage were excluded from further evaluation. Change in color was observed in all the samples except sample at 2SoC. Sample of multiple emulsion base 'B' kept at 40Co + 7S% RH showed liquefaction after 72 hours. Multiple emulsion formulation 'F' at 40Co and 40Co + 7S% RH showed a significant change in liquefaction and phase separation. The average globule size of multiple emulsion base 'B' (TZurn) is larger than the multiple emulsion formulation 'F' which decreased more significantly in the samples of multiple emulsion base 'B' than samples of'F'. Similarly the pH of the multiple emulsion 'B' (S.l) is more than 'F' (4.2) but in both multiple emulsions kept at different temperatures increased significantly. The increase in electrical conductivity and decrease in viscosity of both multiple emulsions 'B' and 'F' was rather more at 40°C and 40°C+ 7S%RH temperatures while this change was comparatively more in multiple emulsion 'F'. So multiple emulsion 'B' and 'F' at 25°C were stable with respect to organoleptic parameters (except liquefaction), centrifugation, globule size, pH, electrical conductivity and viscosity change than at other temperatures (40°C and 40°C + 7S% RH). Multiple emulsion 'F' is rather more stable at 25°C than 'B' as no liquefaction occurred during the whole stability period in 'F'. For multiple emulsions from Hippophae rhamnoide L. oil refrigeration and high temperature storage condition is fatal for the stability and for relatively high shelf life formulation must be stored at room temperature. Multiple emulsion has advantages over simple emulsion as the droplets may act as reservoir for entrapping the drug molecules to release them slowly to the outer continuous phase so the advantages of multiple emulsion are i) the protection of material entrapped in the internal phase ii) more than one incompatible components can be formulated in a single preparation. None of the multiple emulsions for dermal applications has yet been available in Pakistani market so keeping in view the advantages of multiple emulsion and the Hippophae rhamnoides L. oil prospective researchers hereby suggested to manufacture such a stable formulation which can effectively be marketed in this region.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1403,T] (1).
46.
In Process Quality Control Factors Affecting Sensitivity Of Rapid Serum Agglutination Antigen Of Mycoplasma
by Rana Khurram Khalid | Prof. Dro. Masood Rabbani | Prof. Dr, Khushi Muhammad.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is one of the smallest self replicating infectious agent, it lacks cell wall so cell membrane is the outer most boundary. Its cell membrane is made up of sterols which not only gave it rigidity but also make it fastidious to grow. MG is the causative agent for chronic respiratory disease (CRD). Isolation identification and serodiagnosis are routinely used in laboratories. However among the serodiagnosis rapid serum agglutination (RSA) test is mainly used for early detection for its sensitivity, rapidity and cost effectiveness.
Keeping in VIew the importance of RSA antigen test a study was conducted to prepare
standardize RSA antigen from local isolate and compare its sensitivity with a commercial RSA antigen. Molecular characterized local isolate of MG procured from University Diagnostic Lab University of Veterinary And Animal Sciences, Lahore, was grown in 11 different media formulations to identify a media with better antigenic yield. Affects of different in process quality control parameters; bacterial concentration (0.75%, 1 %,
1.25% PCV), diluents (normal saline, PBS, HBSS) inactivants (heat, formalin) and preservatives (thiomersal sodium, sodium azide, phenol) were studied in terms of their influence on the sensitivity of prepared RSA antigens. These prepared antigens from local isolate were further compared with a commercial RSA antigen. The results of antigenic yield were statistically analyzed through One Way A OVA test. All the
media formulations support the growth of MG isolate except Frey's media with 7.5% fetal
bovine serum and 7.5% chicken serum that revealed no growth or packed cell volume. The
maximum bacterial growth in terms of packed cell volume was obtained from frey's media with 12% horse serum. So this media was further use in the production of antigens. Sensitivity of RSA antigens with different bacterial concentrations in terms of packed cell volume, preservatives, inactivants was more using HBSS followed by PBS and normal saline.
However difference in increasing the sensitivity of RSA antigen in terms of agglutination with
known serum was statistically found significant. Formalin inactivated RSA antigens were
somewhat more sensitive as compared to the heat inactivated using different diluents and
bacterial concentrations. Sensitivity of RSA antigens in different diluents, inactivants and
preservatives was a little bit more with 1.25% pev followed by 1.00% pev however it was least with 0.75% Thiomersal sodium added RSA antigens were more sensitive followed by phenol and sodium azide. PBS and HBSS based, formalin inactivated and preservative (thiomersal sodium, phenol, sodium azide) added antigens having bacterial concentration of 1.25% and 1 % (peV) given agglutination at 1 :30 dilution of known positive MG serum. The sensitivity of all these antigens was equal to the commercial RSA antigen. All the prepared RSA antigens and commercial anitigen showed no agglutination with known negative serum. Sensitivity of most of the prepared and a commercial antigen was comparable. The findings of this study will be helpful for further recommendations of local RSA MG antigen used in the diagnosis of chronic respiratory disease.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1406,T] (1).
47.
Comparison Of Diagnostic Approaches For The Detection Of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Persistency In Dairy Herds
by Arfan Ahmad | Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani | Prof. Dr. Khushi Muhammad.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Bovine viral diarrhea is one of the most important diseases of cattle which are causing
continuous economic losses to the cattle industry primarily due to decreased reproductive
I performance. Without doubt, direct contact between BVDV persistently infected, and susceptible animals is the most important transmission route of virus. All control programs which are in use in many countries of the world, mainly depend upon the detection of PI animals, eliminating them and preventing their return into the herds. Therefore, in this study diagnostic suitability of ear notch biopsies and serum samples were compared for the detection of PI animals, as well as proficiency of various diagnostic approaches like VI, AC-ELISA, IHC and real time RT-PCR were evaluated using ear notch biopsies. A total of 468 samples were collected from 12 participating dairy cattle farms located at Prince Edward Island, Canada. The samples were divided into two groups on the basis of age, A " 6 months), and B (> 6 months).
PI calves remain immunotolerant to the infecting strain but if exposed to a heterogonous strain postnatally, they may develop low level of antibody. Accordingly, serum neutralization was applied for initial screening of samples for further testing. The samples of animals of group B, having SNT (:S 1 :64) were selected, while all samples of younger aged group A were processed without considering the serum neutralizing titres, because unlike older animals, P.1. animals below 6 months of age can have passive colostral antibodies in the course of persistency. Diagnostic suitability of ear notch biopsy and serum sample for confirmation of BVDV
A significant discrepancy was observed between ear notch biopsies (51198 positive) and
serum samples (71198 positive) during first round of testing by real time RT-PCR. However, on
follow up testing, 30 days post first round of testing, a complete agreement between ear notch
biopsies and serum samples was observed. On second round of testing, a total of 4 animals out of
197 (one positive animals died before re-sampling) were confirmed with PI, using both ear notch
biopsies and serum samples. The decrease in the positivity using RT-PCR on serum samples in
the second round of testing reflected the presence of 2 transiently infected animals. Ear notch
biopsy (EN) testing did not detect any transiently infected animal indicating the lack of
delectability of the virus in EN during transient infection under conditions of this study. After
follow up testing, 2 animals in each of group A and B were identified as PI. These findings have
led us to conclude, that either serum or ear notch biopsy can be used for the detection of
persistent infection. Of 468 collected and 197 tested samples, an overall 0.85% and 2.03%
prevalence of PI animals with BVDV was observed respectively. A complete agreement (P value=l) was observed when three diagnostic approaches (Real time RT- PCR, AC-ELISA, and IHC) were compared with standard of VI. A total of 197 ear notch biopsies (145 of group A and 52 of group B) were tested by the four diagnostic tests, four animals (2 from group A and 2 from group B) were found positive by all the tests applied. A complete agreement was observed between the first and the second round of testing. All four assays were found specific but real time RT-PCR was found to be more sensitive. Both, VI and IHC were found labour intensive, as diagnosis may take more than one week to be made. Further PI calves remain immunotolerant tothe infecting strain but if exposed to a heterogonous strain postnatally, they may develop low leved
ofantibody. Accordingly, serum neutralization was applied for initial screening of samples for further testing. The samples of animals of group B, having SNT (:S 1 :64) were selected, while all samples of younger aged group A were processed without considering the serum neutralizing titres, because
unlike older animals, P.1. animals below 6 months of age can have passive colostral antibodies in the course of persistency. Diagnostic suitability of ear notch biopsy and serum sample for confirmation of BVDV persistent animals were evaluated by real time RT-PCR. TaqMan probes and primers specific for BVDVI and BVDV2 were used. They were found specific and able to detect 10·s and 10-4 TCID50 units ofBVDVI and BVDV2, respectively.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1407,T] (1).
48.
Preparation Of Prebiotic Based Functional Beverage And Evaluation Of Its Glycemic Response In Healthy Human Subjects
by Amna Ashraf Bajwa | Dr. Muhammad Nasir | Dr. Saima | Prof. Dr. Masood.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Prebiotics are class of functional foods which resist digestion in small bowel and stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut. Galacto-oligosacchraides (GOS) are class of prebiotics that are naturally present in human milk and impart many health benefits. Prebiotics are class of functional foods which resist digestion in small bowel and stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut. Galacto-oligosacchraides (GOS) are class of prebiotics that are naturally present in human milk and impart many health benefits. The research was conducted in three phases. During 1st phase characterization of liquid oligomate (galacto-oligosaccharides preparation) was performed. During second phase prebiotic (galacto-oligosaccharides) based functional beverage was developed by adding different concentrations of GOS. Functional beverages was prepared with the addition of GOS @ 1.00, 1.50, 2.00 and 2.50% of final beverage volume. On the basis of sensory evaluation and other analysis, one sample was selected for further use in third phase that is efficacy study by determining its glycemic index. Accordingly the significant outcomes of the present research are summarized hereafter.
Proximate analysis of Galacto-oligosaccharide sample showed that the results for dry matter are (0.832 ±0.009) for crude protein the values are (0.729±0.126) and for crude fat the result shows (1.366±0.321). For NFE is -0.0957±0.0001 and for moisture is 1.1667±0.011547. The lower values for protein, fat and fiber shows that composition of oligomate is solely based on the presence of galacto-oligosaccharides and has no other impurities present in them.
The results for GOS for acidity shows the value of (0.14±0.02) for specific gravity the values are (1.36±0.0001) and for pH the values are (3.51± 0.01)
The results for acidity of beverages indicated that the inclusion of galactooligosaccharides has significantly affected the acidity of the beverage (P?0.001). All the treatments for different beverages and storage and the interaction between the storage treatments showed that statistically they are highly significant (P ?.0.05).
The results indicated that the inclusion of Galacto-oligosaccharides has significantly affected the specific gravity of the beverage (P?0.00). It is evident from the results that the storage of these beverages is also statistically significant but the interaction between the treatments and storage intervals showed non-significant effect on specific gravity of different beverages
The statistical analysis regarding pH of beverages prepared from different levels of galacto-oligosaccharide shows that all the treatments for different beverages and storage and the interaction between the storage treatments are highly significant (p ? 0.01).
The statistical results for total soluble solids indicated that TSS of different beverages were significantly affected by treatments; however, storage intervals showed slightly significant result and interaction between storage and treatments showed highly significant effect on TSS of different beverages(P?0.01)
The results indicated that the addition of Galacto-oligosaccharides has significant effect on color "a", "b", " L" , "chroma" , "hue angle" parameter (P?0.001). The sensory scores for color, flavor, taste and consistency were non significant while scores for overall acceptability showed that they varied significantly with treatments.
After storage of beverages for 60 days prepared with the addition of GOS at various levels the interaction between treatment and storage level showed non-significant effect for the flavour, color, consistency, taste and overall acceptability.
The statistical results regarding blood glucose concentration after consumption of control and functional beverage with time intervals are statistically significant. The interactive effect of intervals and different food types shows that the blood glucose concentration at fasting for glucose and control beverage is non-significant and functional beverage comparatively to glucose is significant. It shows that the response of control is similar to the reference taken as glucose.
The statistical results regarding glycemic index shows that the GI with respect to beverage type and person code is non-significant. The glycemic index for control beverage shows the results (58.63±8.15) and for functional beverage (63.74±4.50). The statistical analysis regarding glycemic load with respect to person code shows that they are non-significant but with beverage type they are slightly significant. The glycemic load of control beverage is 17.08±2.37 and for functional beverage values are 19.38±1.36. Functional beverage showed slightly increased glycemic load as compared with control beverage.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1415,T] (1).
49.
Identification Of Potential Drug-Drug Interactions In Prescriptions Dispensed By Community Pharmacies In The Urban
by Muhammad Mubasher | Ms. Huma Rasheed | Muhammad Irfan Masood | Prof. Dr.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Pakistan is a developing country of South Asia and health care status of the people is considerably low compared to the developed countries of World. The concept of rational prescribing is still not fully understood by health care professionals of this region of the world. This study was designed to identify the most frequently encountered potential DDIs in prescriptions dispensed in community pharmacies in Lahore. A total of 1554 DIs were identified in 655 prescriptions out of 1000 analyzed prescriptions. The identified drug interactions were classified on the basis of their type, mechanism and outcome, severity, onset, and documentation status. It was observed that alcohol-drug interactions 582 (37.45%) and DDIs 524 (33.72%) are the most frequently occurring drug interactions in our society. Although most of the identified DDIs were moderate 233 (44.38%) in severity having delayed onset 230 (43.89%) and possible documentation 214 (40.84%), incidence of rapid onset 171 (32.63%), major DDIs 88 (16.76%) was also alarming in prescriptions dispensed at community pharmacies of urban Lahore. Aspirin was the most frequently interacting drug 138 times (26.34%) and acetaminophen-orphenadrine combination with 53 (10.91%) encounters was the top interacting combination followed by aspirin-clopidogrel combination. The incidence of DDIs increased significantly with increase in the number of medicines (r value = 0.87) in a prescription. On the basis of findings, recommendations that how potential DDIs can be avoided were made.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1431,T] (1).
50.
Comparison Of Dsingle-Dose Pharmacokinetics Of Candesartan Cilexetil In Healthy Male & Female
by Hafiz Awais Nawaz | Muhammad Irfan Masood | Dr. Mateen | Dr. Sualeha Riffat.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: This study was designed to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of Candesartan in 8 healthy male and female volunteers. The study was conducted in eight healthy male volunteers and eight healthy female volunteers. Only those male volunteers were selected who aged between 18-30 years, not suffering from any disease. Female volunteers were also between age of 18-30 years, who were not pregnant and not suffering from any disease. Written consent was taken from them and they were informed about objectives of the study, frequency of blood sampling, and possible side effects of drug which they might face during the study. The male volunteers were considered as group A and healthy female volunteers were considered as group B. Both groups were administered Candesartan 16mg tablet orally to each individual. 5ml Blood samples were collected at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48 & 72 hr after the oral drug administration from vein through 5ml B.D syringe of 22guage needle. Plasma was separated by centrifugation at 5000 RPM and stored at -80ºC till analysis. Candesartan concentrations in plasma were measured by HPLC method. All pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by entering plasma concentration-time data in software APO pharmacological analysis MW/PHARM version 3.02 by assuming bio-availability of Candesartan after oral administration as 1. Pharmacokinetic parameters of Candesartan in healthy male and female volunteers were compared. Data was analyzed by unpaired t-test and it was observed that there is significant difference in AUC of Candesartan in healthy male and female volunteers after oral administration without any effect in Cmax, Tmax, volume of distribution, absorption rate constant or elimination half life. In general, candesartan produced comparable results in healthy male and female volunteers so there is no need of any dose adjustment during therapy in both genders.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1442,T] (1).
