1.
Studies On The Performance, Chemical Composition And Quality Of The Carcass In Relation To Sex And Age Of Different Broiler Strains
by Nadeem Ahmad | Muhammed Saleem Chaudry | Ehtisham | Mian Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Poultry industry I Pakistan, has been commercialized shoeing an annual increase of 15 percent for the last ten years (Pak. Economic Analysis Network Project 1988). The poultry farming is the quickest, efficient economical and comparatively cheapest source of good quality protein. Although a considerable work has been done on various aspect of their rearing in our local environmental and managemental conditions, yet some areas remained unexplored. One of these areas was the study on comparative productive performance, qualitites and chemical composition of carcass of various commercial broiler strains, in relation to sex and age.
In the present study, four different strains and sexes of Ross, Lohmann, Indian River and Hubbard were evaluated and compared for productive performance and carcass characteristics at different age periods. A total of 240 one day old, Sex separated chicks with equal number (60) of each strain were reared for a period of 8 weeks, under indentical managemental conditions. Among male birds Hubbard gained highly significantly (P<0.01) more weight than that of other strains, while non-significant difference (P<0.05) was found between Ross and Lohamann and showed significantly better weight gain than the Indian river strain. Females birds of Hubbard strain had also gained significantly (P<0.05) more weight than that of other strains, while non significant difference was found among the females of rest of the three strains. The results on weekly feed convertion ratio were found to be non significant (P<0.05) due to strain and significant due to age of the birds . While among sexes it was found that male birds of each strain showed better F.C.R compared with that of female chicken.
The dressing percentage increased significantly with age, male birds of the strain showed better dressing percentage compared with the female birds of the respective strains though statistically the diference was found to be non-significant (P<0.05).The birds of Hubbard strain showed significantly better dressing percentage than that of the other strains. A significant difference was also observed between Lohmann and Indian River strain while the difference between Ross and Indian River was statistically non-significant as was the difference between Ross and Lohmann strain (P<0.05). The values for weight of Giblet of Ross, Lohmann and Indian River Strain were non-significantly different (P<0.05) from each other but were significantly poor than that of Hubbard strain. A non-significant difference in shank length was observed among various strains (P<0.05). Non-significant difference in length of kell bone was found among birds of Ross, Lohmann and Indian River Strain while birds of both sexes of Hubbard strain had significantly (P<0.05) greater length of kell boe. Moreover it was observed that female birds of all the strain had greater length of keal bone compared with male birds of their respective strains. Female birds of all the strain had significantly greater bone, meat ratio compared with the male birds of their respective strains. Birds of Ross. Lohmann and Indian River Strain Had significantly lesser meat bone ratio than that of Hubbard strain (P,0.05). Difference in meat bone ratio between Lohmann and Ross strain was found to be statistically significant, but non-significant between Lohmann and Indian River strains (P<0.05).
The effect of strain, age and sex on the composition of carcass revealed that moisture percentage was not significantly affected by strain and sex. However it decreased with increase in age. Crude protein contents generally increased with age in both sexes of all the four strains. Protein percentage was found to be similar between both the sexes of all strains. Fat contents increased with age In all the four strains. Female broilers of all strain had significantly greater fat contents than the male broilers (P<0.05). Between the male and female broilers Hubbard strain had significantly more fat percentage, followed by Indian River, Ross and Lohmann. There was no effect on the ash contants of carcase due to sex and strain, though it decreased with increase in age.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0015,T] (1).
2.
Mineral Imbalances In Dairy Cattle Of Pakistan
by Ghulam Hussain | Muhammed Yaqoob malik | Mian nisar ahmed | Rashid Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: To determine the mineral status of indigenous cattle about 300 blood samples were collected from Lahore, Gujranwala, Sheikhupura, Sahiwal, Okara, Faisalabad, Sargodha, Jhang and Gujrat districts of Punjab, and Hyderabad, Mirpurkhas and Karachi districts of Sindh because of having high population of cattle. The blood samples were collected from four different groups of cattle (1) calves (2) heifers (3) dry pregnant (4) lactating non pregnant. The serum was separated from blood samles by centrifugation. Serum sample were analysed for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Zinc, Copper, Manganese, Iron and Cobalt. (Calcium, Phosphorus and Magnesium were analysed on spectronic 20. Sod)1I1 and Potassium were analysed on flamphotometer. Zinc, Copper, Manganese, Iron and Cobalt were analysed on atomic absorption spectrophotometer)The data thus obtained was subjected to statistical analysis by using complete randomized design and the differences in means were tested by using (LSD Test) least significant difference test.
The mean values of serum mineral in cattle of Punjab were, Calcium, 9.34+ 0.41 mg/100 ml, Phosphorus 4.660.25 mg/100 ml, Magnesium 2.02±0.23 mg/100 ml, Sodium 290.61 11.8 mg/l00 ml, Potassium 18.55±0.56 mg/100 ml, Zinc l.06±0.09 ppm, Copper 1.05±0.14 ppm, Manganese .56±0.04 ppm, Iron 1.38±0.06 ppm and Cobalt 0.089±0.007 ppm. The mean value of serum mineral in cattle of Sindh were Calcium 8.83±0.43 mg/100 ml, Phosphorus 4.48±0.23 mg/l00 ml, Magnesium 2.08+0.21 mg/100 ml, Sodium 273.43±18.69 mg/100 ml, Potassium 18.21±0.72 mg/100 ml, Zinc 0.96+0.12 ppm Copper 0.96±0.11 ppm, Manganese 0.54±0.05 ppm, Iron 1.2±0.157 ppm and Cobalt 0.085.±0.009 ppm. Nonsignificant difference in values of serum minerals in cattle (P> 0.05) were found within different groups and between provinces, while significant differences were found between districts (P< 0.05). This variation may be due to different plan of nutrition composition of soil water and climate etc.
The serum Calcium values were almost normal but mild deficiency was found in cattle of Gujrat, Gujranwala, Sheikhupura, Jhang districts of Punjab while Karachi and Mirpurkhas districts of Sindh. The serum Phosphorus level was low in cattle of Punjab and Sindh and acute deficiency was observed in Faisalabad, Gujrat, Shéikhupura and Jhang districts of Punjab, Karachi and Mirpurkhas districts of Sindh. The serum Magnesium values showed deficiency in Sheikhupura, Sargodha and Jhang districts of Punjab and Karachi district of Sindh. The serum Sodium values were almost normal in cattle of all districts. The serum Potassium values were normal in cattle of all districts except Sargodha in Punjab. The serum Zinc values were low in animals of all districts and severe deficiency was found in cattle of Okara, Sahiwal and Sheikhupura districts of Punjab and Karachi Hyderabad, and Mirpurkhas districts of Sindh. The serum Copper values of animals were found low in Okara, Lahore and Sheikhupura districts of Punjab and Karachi and Mirpurkhas districts of Sindh. The serum Manganese values were found deficient in districts of Gujranwala, Gujrat, Sahiwal, Sheikhupura and Jhang in Punjab and Hyderabad district of Sindh. The serum Iron values were normal in animals of both provinces of Punjab and Sindh except Lahore,, Sargodha, Jhang and Sheikhupura districts of Punjab and Hyderabad district in Sindh. The serum Cobalt values were found low in cattle of Sahiwal, Okara and Sheikhupura districts of Punjab and Karachi and Mirpurkhas districts of Sindh. The overall mineral status of cattle of Punjab province was slightly higher than Sindh except Magnesium mineral and the difference was nonsignificant while between the groups of animals were found non significiant. The variation in serum mineral values in cattle might be due to plan nutrition, low mineral status of soil, composition of water and climate etc.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0310-T] (1).
