1.
Formulation And Stability Evaluation Of An Optimum Opical Preparation Using Hippophae Rhamnoidesl. Oil For The Treatment of Psoriasis
by Hina Hussain | Muhammad Irfan Masood | Dr. Farzana Chowdhary | Dr. Muhammad.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Multiple emulsion is a triphasic system in which the two miscible phases are separated from each other by an inner immiscible phase. In w/o/w multiple emulsion the two queous phases are separated by oily layer. Formulation and stabilization of multiple emulsions from natural oil is the difficult task due to the complex nature of the oil and poor interaction with emulsifiers. Hippophae rhamnoide L. oil, a natural oil, obtained from barries of plant belong to family Elaeagniaceae naturally found in northern areas of Pakistan is effective for healing of skin wounds, Eczema and Psoriasis. In the present study two multiple emulsions were prepared multiple emulsion base 'B' (containing Magnesium sulfate as marker substance) and multiple emulsion formulation 'F' Containing zinc sulfate as (active ingredient). Both preparations contained Hipophae rhamnoides L. oil. Both multiple emulsions were prepared using Two-step method and its stability was evaluated by observing changes in organoleptic parameters, pH, globule size, electrical conductivity and viscosity in samples kept at 4Co ,25Co, 40Co ,40Co+75% RH at various time intervals (Ohr.24hrs,48hrs,72hrs,lstweek, 2ndweek,3rd week, 4th week) for period of 28 days. Data was analyzed using ANOV A-Two ways and LSD design to see variations in parameters at time and temperature levels in each formulation kept at different storage conditions and unpaired student T-test to compare results of stability parameters of Formulation B with Formulation F . Both the multiple emulsions B' and 'F' showed phase inversion at 4°C after 24hrs of storage were excluded from further evaluation. Change in color was observed in all the samples except sample at 2SoC. Sample of multiple emulsion base 'B' kept at 40Co + 7S% RH showed liquefaction after 72 hours. Multiple emulsion formulation 'F' at 40Co and 40Co + 7S% RH showed a significant change in liquefaction and phase separation. The average globule size of multiple emulsion base 'B' (TZurn) is larger than the multiple emulsion formulation 'F' which decreased more significantly in the samples of multiple emulsion base 'B' than samples of'F'. Similarly the pH of the multiple emulsion 'B' (S.l) is more than 'F' (4.2) but in both multiple emulsions kept at different temperatures increased significantly. The increase in electrical conductivity and decrease in viscosity of both multiple emulsions 'B' and 'F' was rather more at 40°C and 40°C+ 7S%RH temperatures while this change was comparatively more in multiple emulsion 'F'. So multiple emulsion 'B' and 'F' at 25°C were stable with respect to organoleptic parameters (except liquefaction), centrifugation, globule size, pH, electrical conductivity and viscosity change than at other temperatures (40°C and 40°C + 7S% RH). Multiple emulsion 'F' is rather more stable at 25°C than 'B' as no liquefaction occurred during the whole stability period in 'F'. For multiple emulsions from Hippophae rhamnoide L. oil refrigeration and high temperature storage condition is fatal for the stability and for relatively high shelf life formulation must be stored at room temperature. Multiple emulsion has advantages over simple emulsion as the droplets may act as reservoir for entrapping the drug molecules to release them slowly to the outer continuous phase so the advantages of multiple emulsion are i) the protection of material entrapped in the internal phase ii) more than one incompatible components can be formulated in a single preparation. None of the multiple emulsions for dermal applications has yet been available in Pakistani market so keeping in view the advantages of multiple emulsion and the Hippophae rhamnoides L. oil prospective researchers hereby suggested to manufacture such a stable formulation which can effectively be marketed in this region.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1403,T] (1).
2.
Identification Of Potential Drug-Drug Interactions In Prescriptions Dispensed By Community Pharmacies In The Urban
by Muhammad Mubasher | Ms. Huma Rasheed | Muhammad Irfan Masood | Prof. Dr.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Pakistan is a developing country of South Asia and health care status of the people is considerably low compared to the developed countries of World. The concept of rational prescribing is still not fully understood by health care professionals of this region of the world. This study was designed to identify the most frequently encountered potential DDIs in prescriptions dispensed in community pharmacies in Lahore. A total of 1554 DIs were identified in 655 prescriptions out of 1000 analyzed prescriptions. The identified drug interactions were classified on the basis of their type, mechanism and outcome, severity, onset, and documentation status. It was observed that alcohol-drug interactions 582 (37.45%) and DDIs 524 (33.72%) are the most frequently occurring drug interactions in our society. Although most of the identified DDIs were moderate 233 (44.38%) in severity having delayed onset 230 (43.89%) and possible documentation 214 (40.84%), incidence of rapid onset 171 (32.63%), major DDIs 88 (16.76%) was also alarming in prescriptions dispensed at community pharmacies of urban Lahore. Aspirin was the most frequently interacting drug 138 times (26.34%) and acetaminophen-orphenadrine combination with 53 (10.91%) encounters was the top interacting combination followed by aspirin-clopidogrel combination. The incidence of DDIs increased significantly with increase in the number of medicines (r value = 0.87) in a prescription. On the basis of findings, recommendations that how potential DDIs can be avoided were made.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1431,T] (1).
3.
Comparison Of Dsingle-Dose Pharmacokinetics Of Candesartan Cilexetil In Healthy Male & Female
by Hafiz Awais Nawaz | Muhammad Irfan Masood | Dr. Mateen | Dr. Sualeha Riffat.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: This study was designed to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of Candesartan in 8 healthy male and female volunteers. The study was conducted in eight healthy male volunteers and eight healthy female volunteers. Only those male volunteers were selected who aged between 18-30 years, not suffering from any disease. Female volunteers were also between age of 18-30 years, who were not pregnant and not suffering from any disease. Written consent was taken from them and they were informed about objectives of the study, frequency of blood sampling, and possible side effects of drug which they might face during the study. The male volunteers were considered as group A and healthy female volunteers were considered as group B. Both groups were administered Candesartan 16mg tablet orally to each individual. 5ml Blood samples were collected at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48 & 72 hr after the oral drug administration from vein through 5ml B.D syringe of 22guage needle. Plasma was separated by centrifugation at 5000 RPM and stored at -80ºC till analysis. Candesartan concentrations in plasma were measured by HPLC method. All pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by entering plasma concentration-time data in software APO pharmacological analysis MW/PHARM version 3.02 by assuming bio-availability of Candesartan after oral administration as 1. Pharmacokinetic parameters of Candesartan in healthy male and female volunteers were compared. Data was analyzed by unpaired t-test and it was observed that there is significant difference in AUC of Candesartan in healthy male and female volunteers after oral administration without any effect in Cmax, Tmax, volume of distribution, absorption rate constant or elimination half life. In general, candesartan produced comparable results in healthy male and female volunteers so there is no need of any dose adjustment during therapy in both genders.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1442,T] (1).
4.
Preaparation And In Vitro Evaluation Of Nystatin Microemulsion Based Gel
by Iram Maqsood | Muhammad Irfan Masood | Hafiz Muhammad Awais Nawaz.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1661,T] (1).
5.
Formulation And In Vitro Evaluation Of Sustained Release Matrix Tablets Using Crossed Linked Natural Gums
by Qurratulain Jamil | Muhammad Irfan Masood | Dr. Aonia Khiljee | Dr. Aqeel.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1689,T] (1).
6.
Formulation And In Vitro Envaluation Of Microemulsion Based Transdermal Gel For Miconazole
by Iram Shahzadi | Muhammad Irfan Masood | Hafiz Muhammad Awais Nawaz.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1713,T] (1).
7.
Formulation And In Vitro Evaluation Of Natural Gum Based Glipizide Sustained Release Matrix Tablets
by Saleha Khalid | Muhammad Irfan Masood | Dr. Aqeel | Muhammad Naeem.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1724,T] (1).
8.
Formulation Of Microemulsion Containing Nigella Sativa Honey And Propolis, And Evaluation Its Burns
by Faizah Sulaiman | Dr. Sonia Khiljee | Dr. Muhammad | Muhammad Irfan Masood.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1738,T] (1).
9.
Formulation Of Microemulsion Based Gel Of Hippophae Rhamnoides And Its In Vivo Evaluation On Burn Healing
by Hira ayub | DR. Sonia khiljee | Muhammad irfan masood | Prof. Dr.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2031,T] (1).
10.
Assessment Of Bioerodible Polymers As Rate Conteolling Matrix For Sustained Release Of Quetiapine Fumarate
by Sadia urooj | Hafiz awais nawaz | Dr. Aqeel | Muhammad irfan masood.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2032,T] (1).
11.
Formulation, Characterization And In Vitro Studies Of Indapamide Sustained Release Matrix Tablet From Natural Polymer Muhammad Irfan Masood
by Beenish Shams (2012-VA-643) | Shaista Qamar | Dr. Mateen Abbas .
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: With each advancement in medicine, we are faced with the need for an effective method of drug delivery which is easy for the patient and maintains the bioavailability of the drug. Sustained release (SR) dosage is such a method, where discharge of drug is achieved for prolonged period. Such tuitions are used to provide a primary dose, obligatory for a usual therapeutic response, trailed by a steady release of the active constituent in quantities appropriate to maintain the required therapeutic reaction for the time required, usually 8-12 hrs. The sustained release drug delivery (SRDD) method has some potential advantage like; sustained release rate, reduction in dose frequency, dose maintenance in plasma, improved patient compliance, reduced toxicity due to overdose, reduction in fluctuation of peak valley concentration. (Isha et al. 2012)
Polymers are used in SRDD because of their quality of self-transforming and longer activity. For decades, polymers have been playing an important role as excipients in tablet and capsule formulation and offer functions such as drug targeting. They are employed successfully in SRDD because of their low molecular weight. (Rao et al. 2012) The use of naturally arising plant based polymers become very imperative in the expansion of SR dosage forms and employed in many preparations based on their molecular weight and properties. Natural polymers are among the most prevalent hydrophilic polymers because they are cheap to run, governing acceptance, non-toxic in nature, reasonable and obtainability. Okra gum, Xanthan gum, Karaya gum, Guar gum etc are the most popular naturally occurring polymers act as thickening agents and drug release retardants used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and food products.(Rajamma et al. 2012)
Xanthan gum is extensively used in the formulation of sustained release matrix tablets as it is biodegradable, non-toxic hydrate and swells. Pure culture fermentation procedure of a
carbohydrate with Xanthomonas compestris is used to produce Xanthan gum. It is a sodium, calcium or potassium salt of a high molecular weight polysaccharide having D-glucuronic acid, D-glucose and D-mannose. (Sekhar et al.2011) This gum is selected as it is widely available and cheaper as compared to other polymers currently available (Rajesh et al.2009).
Hypertension is well-defined as a systolic blood pressure of > 140 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure of>90 mm Hg. Hypertension is threat for myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, stroke, end stage renal disease and peripheral vascular disease. The World Health Organization stated that suboptimal blood pressure (systolic blood pressure>160) is accountable for 62% of cerebrovascular diseases and 49% of ischemic heart diseases. (Parvathi et al.2012)
Indapamide is a thiazide like diuretic that is lipid soluble and has a long duration of action. It has antihypertensive effect at low doses, while having minimal diuretic effect. It decreases the reabsorption of sodium by inhibiting Na+/Cl- transporter. (Hossain MA et al. 2013). It shows anti-hypertensive activity in SR at a dosage of 1.5mg/day. Pure Indapamide is almost insoluble in water (0.75 mg/l) and poorly absorbed from gastro intestinal tract. Indapamide has half-life of 14-18 hours and poor bioavailability of 30-40%. (Sanam et al. 2012)
Present study was conducted to formulate sustained release dosage form of Indapamide used for the treatment of hypertension using natural polymer xanthan gum as a release retardant material.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2204,T] (1).
12.
Formulation And In-Vitro Evaluation Of Polymers Blend Based Diclofenac Microparticles For Sustained Release Drug Delivery
by Mukarram Anees (2008-VA-537) | Muhammad Irfan Masood | Dr. Farzana Chowdhary | Dr. Aqeel Javeed.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Diclofenac Sodium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with plasma half life (t1/2) of 1-2 hours. It is used as anti-inflammatory and analgesic in joint pain, ankylosing spondylitis and osteoarthritis for a long duration of time. Diclofenac Sodium conventional oral dosage forms have drawbacks of repeated administration (2-3 times/day) and GIT side effects. Diclofenac Sodium microparticles were prepared with ethyl cellulose and starch blend. Emulsification and solvent evaporation method was selected which was easy to perform. Starch was selected in view of its increased hydrophilicity, bio-compatibility and bio-degradability. Ethylcellulose was selected for reason of increased hydrophobicity, bio-compatibility and non-biodegradability.
Three formulations were prepared with different proportions of polymers (ethyl cellulose and starch). Micromeritic studies, particle size, percentage loading efficiency and invitro release studies with application of kinetic models were evaluated. Formulation D3 gave the best results due to increased amount of ethyl cellulose and decreased amount of starch. Polymeric blend resulted in sustained release effect. FT-IR studies were conducted to check the possible drug-polymer interaction. There was no significant drug-polymer interaction was seen. Formulation D3 showed 51.25 % in-vitro drug release up to 8 hours and followed Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas model. The ‘n’ value indicated that it followed Fickian diffusion.
After characterization of Diclofenac Sodium microparticles, the findings elaborated that polymeric blend (synthetic and natural) can be used to achieve sustained release effect due to their distinct characteristics. However, a suitable combination of polymers (75:25 ratio of EC: Starch) is necessary to achieve desired effects. Diclofenac Sodium microparticles can be used to reduce side effects and increase the patient compliance.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2398-T] (1).
