1.
Production Of Aflatoxin On Rice And Its Detoxification By Yeast Sludge (Sacchromyces Cerevisiae) In Dairy
by Muhammad Amjad | Prof.Dr.Talat Naseer Pasha | Prof.Dr. Makhdoom Abdul Jabbar.
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Publisher: 2004Dissertation note: The study was conducted to produce aflatoxin on rice and see its detoxification effects by yeast sludge in dairy cattle feed. For this purpose twelve animals of sahiwal breed were selected. They were divided into three groups; A (control) B (500ppb aflatoxin) and C (500 ppb aflatoxin and 1% yeast sludge). The animals were fed for fourteen days and the milk samples were collected after alternate days for aflatoxin M1 estimation and milk components. Feed intake was recorded on alternate days. The milk production was recorded daily. The means of aflatoxin M1 residues showed significant results which were 2.870 0.76, 15.515 2.634 and 12.747 1.0214 respectively (P<0.05). The means of feed intake of groups A, B and C also showed significant differences which were 170.14 1.98, 163.37 2.27 and 177.00 1.99 respectively (P<0.05). The means of milk production however showed non-significant results which were 7.583 1.321, 7.104 0.797 and 8.375 0.478 respectively (P>0.05).for groups A, B and C. The means of milk components for groups A, B and C showed non-significant differences which were 4.0964 .0.431, 4.0607 0.4302 and 4.2964 0.3473 respectively for fat; 8.8964 .0492, 8.5821 0.1527 and 8.7429 .0.2119 respectively for solids not fat and 12.943 0.479, 12.646 0.461 and 13.036 0.553 respectively for total solids. The results of the above study show that yeast sludge is capable to detoxify aflatoxin and it also improve the feed intake of animals but doesn't have any effect on the milk production and milk composition of the animals.
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2.
Biocoversion Of Rice Bran With Arachnoitusspp And Candidu Utilis To Protein Biomass And Its Evaluation
by Hussain Ahmad | Prof.Dr.Talat Naseer Pasha | Prof.Dr. Makhdoom Abdul Jabbar.
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Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: Rice bran was subjected to proximate analysis to know its nutritive potential. Arachniotus spp and Candida utilis were used as fermentating agents to carry out solid state fermentation of 5 g rice bran after determining the optimum conditions such as incubation period (3 days), water: substrate (1:2 w/v), ionic concentrations. (MgSO4.7H20, 0.05 %; CaCl2, 0.075 % KlIPO4, 0.250 %) carbon to nitrogen ratio(12:1), molasses (1 nil), yeast sludge (0.6 ml) and corn steep liquor (2.0 ml) for i1racli,,iuiu spp while for Candida utilis molasses (2 ml ) and urea (0.25 g) for maximum production of biomass protein. The biomass (fungal and yeast) protein produced under these conditions on large scale in Koji fermenter. It contains crude protein. 30. 13 %: true protein, 23.74 %; ash, 14.71 % and RNA content 3.383 %.1t was observed that on large scale biornass production, there was more need of optimization of conditions like agitation, pH and supply of oxygen.
The fermented biomass protein vas also analyzed for amino acid profile. To evaluate biologically the quality of protein of the biomass a feeding trial was conducted using day old broiler chicks. These chicks were fed rations in which 5 % (B). 10 0/) (C). 15 % (D), and 20 % (E) Soya bean were replaced with biomass protein from a basal diet (A) for 42 days.
The quality of biomass protein was evaluated in terms of feed conversion ratio. weight gain, feed consumption and protein efficiency ratio. It was observed that the difference between the values of feed conversion ratio, and Protein efficiency ratio total weight gain and total feed consumption were statistically significant. It was that group A had better FCR of 2.24, group C had more teed consumption 4131 g / chick, group C had more weight gain which was 1764.5 g / chick while group A had better PER which was 2.30.
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3.
Chemical And Nutritional Evaluation Of Different Treaments Of Rice Polishing For Use In Layer Rations
by Mohammad Mohsin Sehole | Dr. Anjum Khalique | Prof.Dr. Makhdoom Abdul Jabbar.
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Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: Pakistan is occupying the eminent status in the countries: inhabiting the huge bulk of population with ëonsiderable growth rate. This situation is causing an extreme strain on food resources. With ever increasing cost of feed ingredients and use of cereal grains in poultry feeds, which are also used for human consumption, makes it imperative to look for alternative.
Agro-industrial by-products or wastes, which are cheaper, not utilized for human consumption and are readily available merit consideration for poultry feeding. Rice polishing is one of the ingredients may scrve the desired purpose.
Rice, polishing is extensively used as an ingredient in animal diets. It represents excellent potential feedstuff for poultry if it is properly processed and stabilized. In spite of all its nutritional merits its utilization has a problem of rancidity & oxidation due to high oil content (12--l3%) & anti-nutritive factor lipase present in the rice. The rice polishing also contains anti- nutritive factors such as phytate, trypsin inhibitor, lectins and high fiber content. These factors can be removed by chemical or physical treatments.
This project is designed to study the eflbct ol' diflerent 1t'eatment on nutritive values of rice polishing and their biological availability for laying hens. Twelve iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous rations at 10, 20, & 30% level of differently treated rice polishing were prepared.
One hundred and eight White -Leghorn layers were used for the biological trial. These were randomly divided in 4 major groups T1-T4. Each group comprised of 27 layers. Each group was further divided into 3 sub-groups having 9 layers, which were divided into 3 replicates of 3 layers each. The three sub-groups of each group were fed on ration containing 10, 20 & 30% level of rice polishing respectively. These experimental units were randomly allotted to the twelve experimental diets in such a way that there were three bird's units on each diet. The experimental diets were offered to birds throughout the experimental period of 56 days and feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, egg production, egg weight, egg shell weight, egg shell thickness and cost per dozen was recorded.
The results of present study indicates that there was significant difference in, feed conversion ratio, daily egg production, egg weight, egg shell weight of layer birds fed different treatments of rice polishing. The results of present study also indicate that there was significant difference in feed conversion ratio, daily egg production, egg weight and egg shell weight of layers fed on different experimental rations.
It was concluded form the present study that extrusion treatment of rice polishing gave best results out of the four treatments (untreated, autoclaved, extrusion cooked and de-oiled rice polishing. Extrusion cooked rise polishing can safely be included in layer rations without any advrse effect on performance. It was also concluded that among rations, ration 1 (containing 30% extrusion cooked rice polishing) gave best results out of twelve rations (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I J, K and L), it also had no adverse effect on performance of layer chicks
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0905,T] (1).
4.
Effect Of Storage On Rancidity And Metabolizable Energy Of Rice Polishing In Cockerels
by Daulat rehman khan | Prof.Dr.Talat Naseer Pasha | Prof.Dr. Makhdoom Abdul Jabbar.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2006Dissertation note: Effect of storage on the Rancidity and Metabolizable Energy of Rice Polishing was determined for the period from zero through sixteenth week of storage of rice polishing with and without the addition of antioxidant under normal conditions. A total of fifteen single comb white leg horn cockerels of uniform age and weight were procured and raised in metabolic cages which were used to conduct five trials at 0 and after 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of storage of rice polishing. Five force feeding trial were conducted, first trial was conducted by using fresh rice polishing considering 0 week of storage followed by four more force feeding trial after storage of 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks of rice polishing using the same birds. The birds were fasted first for the period of 21h followed by force feeding of 20g of rice polishing with antioxidant to one an without antioxidant to an other group, a control/ fasting group was also kept to measure endogenous losses. After the period of 48h feces collection was performed for the determination of Apparent and True Metabolizable energy values. Along with the biological trials, laboratory assay of the rice polishing stored with and without antioxidant was conducted to measure the extent of rancidity in terms of Thiobarbituric Acid Value (Thiobarbituric Acid No.) with the help of spectrophotometer at 531 nm. The data obtained was analyzed by using complete randomized design which revealed that, increasing storage periods increased the TBA no. (P<0.05) in both the groups, while the AME and TME showed non significant (P>0.05) change before and after a specified storage periods. It was concluded that there is no effect of rancidity and storage on the nutritive value, AME and TME of Rice Polishing in poultry but TBA No. increases with the passage of storage time.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0931,T] (1).
