1.
Effect Of Various Dietary Antibiotics On The Performance On Broiler Chicks
by Ishaque, M | Dr. Nisar Ahmad | Dr. Ashfaq | Mr. Shahid Abbas.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: A research study was conducted to find out the effect of virginiamycin, oxytetracycline and Furazolidone as a growth promoter in broiler rations.
Two hundred and forty day old broiler chicks were divided into four groups of 60 chicks each. Each group was further subdivided into three replicates of 20 chicks each.
Two experimental rations (starter and finisher) were prepared and fed to experimental chicks upto 50 days of age.
Virginiamycine, oxytetracycline and Furazolidone were mixed to experimental rations at the level of 10 mg/kg feed. The effects of these additives on weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, mortality, weights of internal organs and residual effect on meat were recorded.
Feed and water were given libitum. Continuous light was provided for 24 hours.
The results revealed non-significant differences among weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency of the chicks fed on starter ration.
However the results obtained from 29-50 days showed significant difference (P <0.05) in weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency. The best weight gain was obtained with oxytetracycline supplementation followed by virginiamycine, furazolidone and the controlled group. Maximum feed was consumed by the birds fed on control ration. The best feed efficiency was noticed with birds fed on ration supplemented with oxytetracycline.
The results obtained from 0-50 days showed highly significant difference (P < 0.01) in weight gaiu of the birds. Feed consumption and feed efficiency also showed significant difference (P<0.05).
The maximum weight gain was noticed with birds fed on oxytetracycline supplementation followed by virginiamycine and furazolidone supplementation, while the least weight gain was shown by the birds fed on control ration.
Maximum feed was consumed by the birds fed on control ration and the least feed consumption was observed with birds fed on oxytetracycline supplementation followed by virginiamycine and furazolidone. The poor feed efficiency was observed with the birds fed on control ration.
Dressing percentage and weight of internal organs showed statistically non-significant.
The residual effect of antibiotics was not found in the chicken meat.
From the present study it was concluded that the addition of antibiotics in the broiler rations proved economical as compared to control.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0456,T] (1).
2.
Effect Of Vitamine (Alpha-Tocopherol) Supplementation On Total Lipid Profile In Rabbits
by Aman Ullah | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Muhammad | Mr. Shahid Abbas | Faculty of Biosciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: An experimental trial of forty five days duration was conducted in July and August, 2004 at Physiology Department, Faculty of Bio-Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore. The study was conducted to see the effect of vitamin E (alpha tocopherol) on total lipid profile in rabbits. Thirty two, 2 months old white rabbits were purchased, weighed and randomly divided into four groups, comprising of eight rabbits each i.e. group A, B, C and D. The rabbits of group A were fed on normal diet and acted as control animasl. The rabbits of group B were also fed on normal diet along with replacement of 2% cholesterol. The objective to add cholesterol is to induced hypercholesterolemia artificially from the beginning of the experiment. They were orally administered cholesterol powder through disposable syringes from start to end of experiment. During the experiment these rabbits were not treated with vitamin E (alpha tocopherol). The rabbits of group C were also fed on normal diet alongwith replacement of 2% cholesterol for first fifteen days of experiment to induced hypercholesterolemia. After the induction of hypercholesterolemia these rabbits were treated with vitamin E at a dose rate of 50 mg/kg body weight. The rabbits of group D were also fed on normal diet alongwith replacement of 2% cholesterol for first fifteen days of experiment to induced hypercholesterolemia. After the induction of hypercholesterolemia these rabbits were treated with vitamin E at a dose rate of 75 mg/kg body weight. The feed for rabbits were prepared and were given with green fodder twice a day. The rabbits were reared in room carpeted with dry forage and dry soil, from the start to the end of the experiment. Standard conditions of feeding, water and temperature were maintained. The rabbits were kept in light for 24 hours throughout the experimental period. Biochemical analysis i.e. serum cholesterol, serum low density lipoprotein (LDL), serum triglycerides (TG) and serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) carried out. It was concluded that vitamin E has significant effect on total lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Vitamin E as an antioxidant can reduce the incidents of atherosclerosis in hypercholeterolemic rabbits and ultimately reducing the risk of heart disease in rabbits as a human model.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0888,T] (1).
3.
Preparation And Evaluation Of Rabbit Anti-Buffalo Immunoglobulin Antibody Peroxidase Conjugate
by Muhammad Babar | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Mr. Shahid Abbas | Prof. Dr | Faculty of Biosciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is one of the most sensitive rapid and reliable techniques for diagnosis of infectious diseases. For execution of ELISA, antibody-peroxidase conjugate is the fundamental reagent. Turnip peroxidase was purified from turnips, that includes homogenization, inactivation of catalase, ammonium sulphate precipitation and size exclusion chromatography on Sephadex G-25-80. The purified peroxidase had Rz value of 1.7, total protein 0.9 mg/ml and total enzyme activity 36152 units/liter. The buffalo serum Ig-G was fractionated using 40 percent final concentration of ammonium sulphate followed by anion exchange chromatography. The salt fractionated serum globulins (10 ml) was depleted of its Ig-G in less than 25 minutes on DEAE cellulose packed column followed by suitable elution. The Ig-G solution (1.0 gm/dl) was mixed in four times volume of oil base (Liquid paraffin and emulsifiers). Rabbits were primed and boosted (0.25ml/: subcut) with buffalo Ig-G antigen with 21 days interval. The immune serum was harvested on 21 days post-boosting. The serum contained 2048 agar gel precipitation AGP units and 10,000 ELISA units. Rabbit anti buffalo Ig-G was purified with salt precipitation followed by anion exchange chromatography. The peroxidase was linked with the rabbit anti-buffalo Ig-G using the sodium metaperiodate. The conjugate was titrated against buffalo Ig-G and working dilution for execution of ELISA was 1: 2000.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0926,T] (1).
4.
Studies On Imbalances Of Macrominerals In Live Stock Of Okara And Hafizabad Districts
by Muhammad Zafar Ullah Khan | Prof.Dr.Talat Naseer Pasha | Dr. Makhdoom Abdul Jabbar | Shahid Abbas.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2007Dissertation note: To determine the levels ol macro m inciiils (N a, K, Ca, IVIg, and P) in livestock of (I istrict Okara and Hafizabad, about 1000 blood samples were collected. In addition to blood, samples of feed, fodder, soil and water were also collected from same sites. Other samples included feed and fodder, soil and water. Species under study were bulThlocs, cattle, sheep and goats. Sampling was done in two seasons i.e., summer and winter. For blood collection, animal were subdivided in two groups i.e., small ruminants (sheep and goats) and large ruminants (cattle and buffaloes). In small ruminant 50% samples were taken from adult animals and 50% from lambs and kids. In large ruminants samples were taken in equal numbers from calves, lactating and dry animals. Heparin was used as anticoagulant in blood samples. By using centrifuge machine blood plasma was separated and preserved in freezer. Feedstuff and soil samples were dried in oven and ground to 1mm particle size by using Willy mill. Water samples were given no treatment except filtration.
Plasma samples were digested by using 10% TCA, whereas soil and feedstuff samples were subjected to wet digestion. After dilution all samples were run in atomic absorption spectrophotometer for estimation of Ca and Mg. Potassium and sodium were observed by flame photometer whereas phosphorus estimation was done by using spectrophotometer. The mean plasma phosphorus values foi di1feint groups o± ammals in distiict Okaia as observed were 4.141±0.202 and 4.651±0.321mg / I OOml for small ruminants (sheep and goats) and large ruminants (Buffaloes and cattle), respectively. Whereas in district Hafizabad the mean plasma phosphorus values as observed were 3.601±0.222 and 3.043±0.122 mg / lOOmi in small ruminants (sheep and goats) and for large ruminants (Buffaloes and cattle), respectively. It is evident form the data that animals of the Okara district have adequate levels of phosphorus whereas animals of the district Hafizabad are had lower phosphorus values.
The mean plasma potassium values for different groups of animals in district Okara as observed were 4.454±0.22 1 and 4.458±0.155 mEq/L for small ruminants (sheep and goats) and large ruminants (Buffaloes and cattle), respectively. Whereas in district Hafizabad the mean plasma potassium values as observed were 5.974±0.365 and 5.626±0.236 mEq/L in small ruminants (sheep and goats) and large ruminants (Buffaloes and cattle), respectively. The values were similar for both the districts.
The mean plasma sodium values for different groups of animals in district Okara as observed were 116.7.9±5.19 and 107.04±3.89 mEq/L in small ruminants (sheep and goats) and large ruminants (Buffaloes and cattle), respectively. Whereas in district Hafizabad the mean plasma sodium values as observed were 9 1.93±3.48 and 88.95±2.96 mEq/L small ruminants (sheep and goats) and large ruminants (Buffaloes and cattle), respectively. Both the districts showed sodium deficiency in small and large ruminants. Livestock of Hafizabad district had lower sodium values than district Okara.
The results of the present study indicate that there are higher values of plasma calcium in livestock of Okara and Hafizabad district. The mean plasma calcium values for different groups of animals in district Okara as observed were 14.17±1.60 and 14.05±1.26 mg / lOOml small ruminants (sheep and goats) and large ruminants (buffaloes and cattle), respectively. Whereas in district Hafizabad the mean plasma calcium values as observed were 32.01±0.30 and 28.14±1.42 mg I lOOmI small ruminants (sheep and goats) and large ruminants (buffaloes and cattle), respectively.
Plasma magnesium values were found slightly higher in livestock of Okara district. Whereas livestock of district Hafizabad have many folds higher level of plasma magnesium than normal ones. The mean plasma magnesium values for different groups of animals in district Okara as observed were 3.92 1±.449, 3.845±0.346 mg /lOOml for small ruminants (sheep and goats) and large ruminants (buffaloes and cattle), respectively. Whereas in district Hafizabad, the mean plasma magnesium values as determined were 13.075±0.970, 17.16±1.29 mg I I OOml for small ruminants (sheep and goats) and large ruminants (buffaloes and cattle), respectively.
Feedstuff, soil and water analysis has shown nearly similar pattern in macro mineral levels. With few exceptions, the district with higher plasma mineral values showed higher mineral profile in feedstuff, soil and water as compared to other district.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0965,T] (1).
5.
Prevalence Of Gastrointestinal Nematodes In Chickens Raised Under Different Poultry Production System In Muzaffar Garh Area
by Muhammad Jamil Manzoor Daha (2012-VA-823) | Prof. Dr. Kamran Ashraf | Dr. Nisar Ahmad | Mr. Shahid Abbas.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Poultry industry is the most effective and economical source of animal protein in shortest possible time, but still it is unable to narrow down the animal protein supply and demand gap because of increasing future demands. Roundworms can cause a reduction in growth rate and damage to the intestinal mucosa, leading to blood loss and secondary infection. Heavily infected chickens may show symptoms of weight loss, droopiness, and diarrhea. Economic losses are usually associated with ascarid, Heterakis, and Capillaria, infections because of treatment cost, as well as the reduction in feed efficiency and weight gain as well as drop in egg production.
Fecal samples were collected from poultry birds in different production systems , in and around district Muzaffar Garh and samples were examined by using the direct smear method, flotation technique and simple sedimentation technique. Adult worms load were examined by necropsy of dead birds fortnightly. Post mortem of dead birds during study was examined for presence of nematodes in gastro intestinal tract fortnightly from each enrolled shed in the study. The samples of adult worm found were collected for identification.
During the present study four species of nematodes were identified. Ascardia galli was recovered from the small intestine, Heterakis gallinae and Subulura brumpti from the caecae . The most common gastrointestinal nematode was Ascaridia galli followed by Subulura brumpti and Heterakis gallinae. The present study has indicated that good husbandry techniques and regular deworming practices reflect markedly on the incidence and worm – burden of infected chickens Availability: No items available
6.
Prevalence Of Gastrointestinal Nematodes In Chickens Raised Under Different Poultry Production System In Muzaffar Garh Area
by Muhammad Jamil Manzoor Daha (2012-VA-823) | Prof. Dr. Kamran Ashraf | Dr. Nisar Ahmad | Mr. Shahid Abbas.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Poultry industry is the most effective and economical source of animal protein in shortest possible time, but still it is unable to narrow down the animal protein supply and demand gap because of increasing future demands. Roundworms can cause a reduction in growth rate and damage to the intestinal mucosa, leading to blood loss and secondary infection. Heavily infected chickens may show symptoms of weight loss, droopiness, and diarrhea. Economic losses are usually associated with ascarid, Heterakis, and Capillaria, infections because of treatment cost, as well as the reduction in feed efficiency and weight gain as well as drop in egg production.
Fecal samples were collected from poultry birds in different production systems , in and around district Muzaffar Garh and samples were examined by using the direct smear method, flotation technique and simple sedimentation technique. Adult worms load were examined by necropsy of dead birds fortnightly. Post mortem of dead birds during study was examined for presence of nematodes in gastro intestinal tract fortnightly from each enrolled shed in the study. The samples of adult worm found were collected for identification.
During the present study four species of nematodes were identified. Ascardia galli was recovered from the small intestine, Heterakis gallinae and Subulura brumpti from the caecae . The most common gastrointestinal nematode was Ascaridia galli followed by Subulura brumpti and Heterakis gallinae. The present study has indicated that good husbandry techniques and regular deworming practices reflect markedly on the incidence and worm – burden of infected chickens Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2346-T] (1).
7.
Development Of Novel Mtdna Metabarcodes For The Species Differentiation Of Class Aves
by Syeda Rida Mehak Sherazi (2010-VA-477) | Dr. Muhammad Imran | Dr. M. Yasir Zahoor | Mr. Shahid Abbas.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: The Folmer COI mtDNA universal primers that are considered standard for DNA barcoding of life contain so many mismatches against the target sequences of vertebrate origin that they often end in failure to amplify many of vertebrate DNA extractions. This discrepancy favors for the selection and designing of new metabarcode primers that can be used to identify all individuals of vertebrates or at least all individuals represented in a class of Vertebrata such as Class Aves. The current study embarks on such an endeavor. In this study development of new mtDNA metabarcode (16SrRNA) that can be used as universal primers to amplify almost all species of Class Aves for different forensic and molecular biodiversity analyses.
Blood/feather/tissue samples were collected from Class Aves (one specimen from every order reported to be present in Pakistan). DNA was extracted from the collected specimens through standard organic method, qualified and quantified and then PCR-amplified using novel universal primers selected from aligned mtDNA sequences originating from all Aves mitochondrial DNA genomes submitted to different online sequence databases such as NCBI nucleotide database. The sensitivity of PCR also be assessed using a range of DNA concentrations. The amplified products were sequenced on ABI Genetic Analyzer following Sanger’s dideoxy method of sequencing. The correctness of obtained mtDNA sequences were examined visually in Chromas Lite 2.1 software and then alignment of these sequences were performed against highly similar DNA sequences in NCBI nucleotide databases using BLAST in order to identify origin of unknown mtDNA sequences. With the help of sequencing and phylogenetic studies specificity of the universal primer set confirmed and presented as a novel metabarcode (16SrRNA) for species level identification of large number of Avian species
In summary, we present universal method for species classification of Aves using a targeted parallel sequencing approach. Both sequencing and phylogenetic studies experiments confirm
Summary
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specificity of universal primer set. Although promising results were obtained with current settings, rapid improvement of bench top instruments will further develop method with less hands-on, fewer sequencing errors and lower detection limit. So, in future, this barcode can be used for species identification in various fields of study such as meat adulteration, illegal trade, food mislabeling and molecular estimation of biodiversity. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2617-T] (1).
8.
Isolation And Identification Of A Protease Producing Bacteria From The Decaying Plant Material And Investigation Of Its Potential As A Probiotic In Broiler
by Abdul Razzaq (2014-VA-498) | Mr. Shahid Abbas | Dr. Rahat Naseer | Dr.Muhammad Imran.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Biochemistry is gaining ground quickly due to the different preferences that it offers over customary chemical procedures particularly in regards to environment and cost contribution. Now a day’s industrial enzymes speak to the heart of biochemistry forms. Proteases are groups of organic catalysts. They have catalytic function.They hydrolyze peptide obligations of proteins and to separate them into polypeptides or free amino acids. Proteases are universal in nature and found in a wide range of differing qualities of sources, for example, plants, animals and microorganisms. Proteases do different organic procedures. Diverse types of proteases are available, alkaline proteases are a standout amongst the most imperative enzymes. The cost of the strain is a special in enzyme production and their applications in different industrial processes. The imaginative part of the present work was to distinguish and detach alkaline proteases from different organic sources, for example, from soil microorganisms with a reason to have beneficial outcome for hydrolyzing the proteins. The purified strain was checked for their potential part in chicken as a probiotics.
Protease producing bacteria act as probiotic to improve digestion which results in weight gain in broiler. In this research project, bacterial strains were isolated from decaying organic plants and soil samples collected from decaying organic plants of UVAS Lahore, Pakistan. Soil and decaying samples (1.0 g) were mixed in 100 ml normal saline, afterward serially diluted from 10−1 to 10−6 ratio with normal saline. 100 μl of each diluted sample inoculated in cultural medium and incubated at 37 °C for 48 h. The isolated colonies were selected to obtain pure bacterial cultures. Cultures were maintained in nutrient agar slants. Bacilli were isolated and screened from soil samples for production of proteases. The strains were identified morphologically, biochemically and on their molecular basis. The enzyme (protease) activity was assayed according to standard procedures by slight modifications. The strain was grown and fed to chicken as probiotic. The effects of probiotic were tested for growth of chicken. The probiotics improved the intestinal microbial balance and helped broiler in gaining weight. Bacterial stain studied in the current project may be used on commercial scale for promoting or enhancing the growth of broiler chicken.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2717-T] (1).
9.
Evaluation Of Metro Bus And Lahore Transport Company (Ltc) In Relation To Air Pollution, A Case Study Of Lahore
by Hafiz Sana Yousaf (2014-VA-218) | Ms.Saman Saad | Dr. Saif-Ur-Rehman Kashif | Dr. Shahid Abbas.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Evaluation Of Metro Bus And Lahore Transport Company (Ltc) In Relation To Air Pollution, A Case Study Of Lahore Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2754-T] (1).
10.
Development Of Enriched Compost From Waste Generated At University Of Veterinary And Animal Sciences (UVAS) And To Evaluate Its Efficiency On Tomato Plants
by Muhammad Zahid Iqbal (2014-VA-912) | Ms. Isbah Hameed | Dr. Saif Ur Rehman Kashif | Dr. Shahid Abbas.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Solid waste management is basic concern of all most all countries on the Earth because it has direct contact with human life. So its management is major concern in developed as well as developing countries. In solid waste management, we characterize solid waste in two types. One is organic and other is inorganic waste. Inorganic waste is disposed off in landfill but organic waste can be utilized in very beneficial way. We can use this waste to form compost (Organic Fertilizer). In this research, we utilized organic waste to convert it into organic fertilizer like compost.
We established three types of setup for composting by using different percentages of urea as type 1 with 5% urea, type 2 with 10% urea and type 3 with 0% urea separately.
We checked major physical parameters for composting procedure like Temperature, Moisture content, pH, Cabon content and nitrogen concentration in percentage.
This procedure take 10 to 12 weeks for complete formation of compost. But setup with 5% urea was better than others. This setup take 8 weeks for conversion of organic waste into compost.
In setup 1, with 5% urea achieve highest temperature very fast. Other also achieve good temperature but not as 5%.
After formation of compost, we also measure following parameters for good quality of compost.
Organic matter was checked and it values between 40-60%. It shows great value of organic matter in compost. This value is very beneficial for soil having low organic matter.
We also checked this parameter for soil, but it have low organic content rather than compost.
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Other parameter checked was heavy metals in compost and soil. Heavy metals were present in great concentration in soil rather than compost. Because heavy metals were somehow utilized in breaking down of organic matter.
Carbon content was also observed in soil and compost.
After these parameters, tomato plants were grown on compost, soil and mixture of both things with different percentages sprayed with rock phosphate in solution form. And observed for 3 weeks.
In analysis of plants, we checked root, shoot and leave length and numbers of leaves grown.
Compost have greater effect on plants growth because it have basic nutrient for growth of plants. Phosphate also have effect on growth because it strong the stem and leaves of plant. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2908-T] (1).
11.
A Study Of Chicken Gut To Determine The Colonization Of Bacillus Licheniformis And Changes In The Histological Features
by Arooj Tahir (2015-VA-812) | Mr. Shahid Abbas | Dr. Muhammad Imran | Dr. Saif-ur-Rehman Kashif.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: The most important and commonly used source of animal protein in the whole world these days is poultry meat. With the increase in the world population the demand of poultry meat
is also increasing. Universally, for the treatment of infected chicken and for growth promotion,
antibiotic growth promoters are used. But the extensive and long term use of AGPs for growth
promotion and infection treatments has resulted in the survival of resistant bacterial strains that
poses a very drastic threat to both animal and human health. Because of these radical results,
some of the countries have restricted the use of AGP in poultry and are moved on towards the
use of probitics as growth promoters. The most commonly used strain for probiotics is from
genus Bacillus as they have the tendency to survive even in the harsh and industrial conditions.
Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus pumilusare are the ones that are involved in
the spoilage of food and certain medical conditions.
In this study, we considered the effects of probiotics as an alternative of AGP in poultry.
Bacillus spp. can be used as probiotics, as they can efficiently colonize in the small intestine and
improve the growth enhancement in broilers. A selective strain of bacteria Bacillus licheniformis
was used as a probiotic for the broiler chicken. After 42 days, 15 birds from three different
groups were collected, 5 from each group, and slaughtered to collect cecum samples and
intestinal tissue samples. The samples were processed for DNA extraction, PCR and histological
methods to determine the probiotics colonization and growth differences between the normal
ones and the treated ones. There was a considerable increase in the height of the villi in the
treated ones as compared to the control ones which showed that the use probiotic helped increase
the surface area of the intestine for increased absorption. The extracted DNA from the cecum
sample was used for PCR amplification and sequencing, the results confirmed the presence of
Summary
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Bacillus licheniformis. The results showed that the probiotic was efficiently colonized in chicken
gut and it improved the gut health and also helped chicken in gaining weight. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2893-T] (1).
