1.
Effect Of Alpha Lipoic Acid On Post Thaw Quality Of Jack Semen
by Muhammad Umair (2009-VA-49) | Dr. Mushtaq Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Usman Mehmood | Dr. Hammad Bin Rashid.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Improvement of post-thaw quality of Donkey (Equus asinus) semen is essential to augment the in-vivo and in-vitro fertilization rate and to be used for mule production. By the help of cryopreservation sperm cells can be stored for the long time but it causes lethal sub-lethal damage to the sperm. In most species including Donkey and horses sperm cryosurvival rates are not optimal because of its plasma membrane composition. One of the major cryopreservation damage is produced by Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating oxidative stress caused by ROS are important for normal sperm function but in normal concentration. When they are produced in more quantity they cause damage to Acrosome, DNA and plasma membrane. . Alpha lipoic acid is a non-vitamin coenzyme that helps in significant metabolic and antioxidant functions in the body. Alpha lipoic acid has been reported to have extra functions by which they are able to synthesize vitamin C from its reduced form in the presence of glutathione. It is matchless among biological antioxidants, because it is equally lipid and water soluble. This allows it to nullify free radicals almost everywhere in the body, inside as well as outside the cells. Therefore, the objective of present study was to determine the effect alpha lipoic acid on post thaw quality of jack semen. Alpha lipoic acid scavenge on reactive oxygen species formed in semen during the process of cryopreservation, so it maintained good semen quality during post thaw. Two adult donkeys (Equus asinus) (4-6 years old) kept at animal shed Ravi campus pattoki were used in the study. All the animals were managed under optimal condition of feeding and management. Donkeys were offered green fodder with ad libitum supply of water. Semen collection was done twice a week (one ejaculate/collection) using an equine artificial vagina having temperature of 45-50 ºC. Five collection from each donkey were done (n=10). Ejaculates were filtered with muslin cloth to remove gel. Semen volume was measured by collecting semen in a graduated collection tube after
Summary
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filtration and the sperm concentration was measured by using a phase contrast microscope (40 x, Nikon) and was scored with a coverslip and then immediately was kept in water bath having 37 ºC temperature after collection until evaluation and processing. Semen quality parameters like volume, concentration and motility were recorded. After initial evaluation, semen samples were extended with centrifugation extender in 1:1 and seminal plasma was removed after centrifugation. Supernatant was removed so that seminal plasma up to 20% will remain with sperm pellet and was maintained at 37 ºC temperature in water bath and was extended with extender having different concentrations of Alpha lipoic acid (0mM, 0.5mM, 1mM, 1.5mM, and 2mM) and cooled for 2 hours and then equilibrated for 2 hrs at 4oC. Then, French semen straws of 0.5ml capacity were filled with semen (100x106/straw). All semen straws were arranged on a rack and then placed at 4cm height above liquid nitrogen vapors for 10 minutes. Finally semen straws was put in liquid nitrogen, Total five replicates per donkey were performed. Now post thaw quality was checked in which various tests were performed, like %age motility, Acridine orange assay for DNA integrity, HOST for plasma membrane integrity, FITC-PNA/PI for viability and acrosomal integrity. It was expected that Alpha lipoic acid shown positive effect on post thaw quality of donkey semen, in the meaning of increased percentage motility, Less DNA damage during cryopreservation and incubation, Increased acrosomal and plasma membrane integrity. So alpha lipoic acid shown positive effect by counter acting on ROS during cryopreservation by reducing melondialdehyde production as indicated by MDA test carried out in this study. Results acquired from this study shown that an increase in sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity, DNA integrity, Acrosomal integrity, viability and survival was caused by ALA competences in energy production and anti-oxidant properties, when used at the concentration of 1.5mM. In summary, based on the results
Summary
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of our study, it can be concluded that an optimal concentration (1.5mM) of ALA improved PMI, sperm motility and viability, minimize DNA damage and improved sperm survival. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2494-T] (1).
2.
Study On The Repair Of Long Oblique Mid-Shaft Femoral Fracture In Domestic Fowl, Using Full Cerclage Wires With Or Without Intra-Medullary Pin
by Muhammad Waqas (2008-VA-224) | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Arif Khan | Dr. Hammad Bin Rashid | Prof. Dr. Aneela Zameer Durrani.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Fracture is a challenging problem in domestic as well as wild birds. Caged birds are
prone to stress and self-injury. Wing and leg fractures in birds are most common problems. The
fracture of bones is common in avian species as a result of impact injuries due to collision with
branches, electric lines or other obstacles, either natural or anthropogenic. The basic principles of
fracture fixation are the same in birds and mammals. Fractures treated with biomechanically
sound fixation and proper attention to soft tissues will be most likely to heal with a functional
outcome. However, osteomyelitis, bone sequestration, and joint ankylosis still continue to be
major factors in inhibiting healing and bone functionality.
This research project was designed with the aim to test the effectiveness and accuracy of
three sets of bone splintage devices in healing long oblique mid-shaft femoral fractures in birds,
with minimal side effects and stress to the patient.
The Study was conducted on 12 adult, domestic fowls of either sex. The birds were
received as clinical cases presented with long oblique femoral fracture at Pet Centre, University
of Veterinary & Animal Sciences Lahore. They were individually marked with coloured plastic
rings for the sake of identification. They were divided into three groups i.e. Group A , Group B
and Group C comprising four birds each, which were designated as I, II, III, and IV respectively.
In the birds of Group A long oblique femoral fracture was reduced and immobilized with
intramedullary pinning, with pin size between 2.5mm to 3.0mm. While in Group B, similar
fracture was treated with 2 – 3 full cerclage wiring. And in the final Group C both of the above
techniques were applied simultaneously i.e. IM pin with 2 – 3 cerclage wires. The birds were
maintained in separate cages post-operatively until the completion of the study.
Subsequent comparative parameters were studied which included physical examination
of wound, lameness grading, radiological scoring for callus formation, fracture line union,
SUMMARY
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fracture alignment as well as callus remodelling. The collected data regarding study parameters
was illustrated by descriptive statistics and non-parametric analysis of variance (Kruskal Walis
Test) using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20.
Conclusion:
Therefore, as advocated by the results of this study, intramedullary pinning (preferably
threaded) with at least 2 – 3 full cerclage wiring was a better choice for the correction of a long
oblique mid-shaft femoral fracture in domestic fowl. The combination of both these techniques
together give a strong backbone for bone healing to take place with minimum amount of stress to
the bone fragments. Both these techniques were easy, required little soft tissue manipulation,
were cost-effective, required less equipment and could easily be applied by an average
practitioner. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2653-T] (1).
