1.
Comparative Efficacy Of Vetimast (Cibageigy), Tetra Delta (Upjohn) And Akamycin-D (Selmore)Against Mastitis In Buffaloes Under Field Conditions
by Razzaq, A | Dr.Iftikhar Gul Ahmad | Dr.Khushi | Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: The present project was undertaken to study the effectiveness of 3 different intramammary preparations in buffaloes suffering from clinical mastitis in the viscinity of Lahore and District Kasur. From these cases causative organisms were isolated and j vitro sensitivity was tested with 3 corresponding antibiotic discs and chemotherapeutic trials were conducted in the field.
The following salient results were obtained:
1. Out of 45 milk samples of mastitic buffaloes examined, 53.33 percent were due to staphylococci, 40 percent due to streptococci and 6.66 percent due to gram -ye rods.
2. Among 53.33% strains of staphylococci, 83.33% were sensitive to cefacetrile (Vetimast) while remaining 16.67% were resistant.
3. 83.33.2 percent staphylococci, 83.3% of streptococci and 100% of gram -ye rods were sensitive to Tetra-delta.
4. 75 percent staphylococci, 83.33 percent streptococci and 100% gram -ye rods were sensitive to Gentamycin.
5. 88.88 percent streptococci and 100% E. coli were sensitive to Cefacetrile (Vetirnast). Remaining 11.12 percent of streptococci were resistant to Cefacetrile.
Ten buffaloes (Group-A) were treated with 235 mg of cefacetrile, 5 bufffaloes (50%) got cured after 7 days of the end of the therapy and 2 more (20%) animals got cured after 14 day of therapy.
Ten bufffaloes (group-B) were freated with TGtra-delta, 5 (5Ob)
cured after 7 days of the end of treatment and 3 more buffaloes (30%) got cured after 14 days.
Similarily, 10 animals (Group-C) were treated with Akamycin-D by intramammary infusion, 4 buffaloes (40%) got cured after 7 days of therapy and 2 more animals (20%) got cured after 14 days of the end of treatment.
In the present study, the total financial losses of about Rs. 43660/has been estimated to be caused by clinical mastitis in buffaloes. These losses are preventable by effective chemotherapeutic and control measures. Clinical trials conducted under field conditions in treating the clinical mastitis in buffaloes have shown that tetra delta is efficacious and economical, as it is cheaper and single dose treatment as compared to vetimast and akamycin-D which are expensive.
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2.
Prevalence Of Mixed Infection Of Hematodes & Cestodes In Sheep, Its Chemotherapy & Effect On Certain Blood
by Jawaria Ali Khan | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr.Asif Rabbani | Dr.iftikhar Gul Ahmad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: A Study was conducted to assess the effects of albendazole and oxfendazolc agaitist mixed infection of nematodes and cestodes in naturally infected sheep on he bases of post medical ion reduction of egg per grain oF ficces and its certain blood ComponentS. The animals were emaciated in diarrhoeal condition rough body coat and progressive loss of weight.
Three hundred sheep were selected. I 24 sheep showed positive infection. Out of 1 24 sheep 30 sheep were positive fir mixed infection of nematodes and cestodes. They were divided into three groups each containing 10 animals naturally infected A, 13 & C while group 1) was kept non-infected and non-medicated, Group A was treated vith albendazole (Albavel, tab I 52mg Medi Vet) 5mg/Kg bw orally. Group 13 was treated with oxlcn(lazote (Oxafax suspension, Glaxo, Wellcome) 5mg/Kg b.w orally. Group C kept as mfecte(l untreated control while group 1) was uninfected untreate(l negative control group.
The egg per gram 1ieccs was formed on the fl, 31(1 and day of treatment which indicated (hat both drugs were effective against G .1 .T nematodes and cestodes infection.
The chemotheraputic examination Showed that egg per gram of faeces in group A, B & C were 2683, 2561 and 2712 respectively on 0 day while group D examined nil being control non-infectcd group. The EPG in group A. B, C was nil, 122, 2740,respectively, on 3rd day and on 10th day nil, 114, 2973 respectively. While in group D the egg per gram of faces was zero due to uninfective negative control group.
The haematological Studies showed that the average haematological values were increased toward nor vial with treatment in group A & B. There was fall in the haemoglobin value in untreated infected group C during experiment while iii group D, there was no significant change in haemoglobin levels which was almost same throughout the experiment.
The total leukocyte count returned towards iii all groups normal except group C. The differential leukocytic count, the Basophils decreased, lymphocytes increased and Neutrophils, Fosinophils and Monocytes showed variation in their number. No side effects in both medicines were recorded tInting experiment.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0605,T] (1).
3.
Serodiagnosis & Chemotherapy Of Haemonchosis In Sheep & Its Effect On Various Blood Parameters
by Saeed, M | Dr.Iftikhar Gul Ahmad | Dr.Asif Rabbani | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: The present project was carried out to check the prevalence of H. contortus with Double Immuno Diffusion (DID) test and coprological technique, to test the anthelmintic efficacy of Albendazole and Levamisole and to study the effect of haemonchosis on blood parameters.
For this purpose faccal sample and blood sample from 150 naturally infected sheep were processed through coprological examination and DID test. Out of 150 animal 107 were found positive with coprological studies and 81 with DID test, so the prevalence was recorded as 71.34% and 54% respectively. Out of positively animal, 60 were divided into A, B and C groups with the heavy infection in A awl B groups. Each animal of group A was given Albendazole (Albenzole granule; Selmore) (4mg/kg) and group B was drenched Levamisole (Nayverm; Syrnans) (5mg/kg) while C group was kept as control (untreated). The efficacy of Albendazole and Levarnisole was 90.2% and 62.06% respectively.
Hematological parameters showed significant increase in haemoglobin (1-Ib) concentration and Packed cell volume (PCV) after treatment.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0615,T] (1).
4.
Comp;Arative Efficacy Of Ivermectin, Levamisole And Levamisole Plus Cobalt Against Gastro Intestinal Nematodes Of Sheep Under Field Conditions In District Kohat
by Zahir Shah | Dr.Iftikhar Gul Ahmad | Dr.Haji Ahmad | Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: The present project was designed to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy and effect of treatment on weight gain of sheep. Fighty sheep of local breed aged 8-10 months positive for gastro-intestinal nematodes were selected from surrounding areas of district 1(ohat (N.W.F.P) and were divided into 4 groups (20 animals in each group). Group A, B and C were given Ivermectin (0.2mg/kg body s/c), Levarnisole 7.5 mg/kg body orally) and Levamisole plus Cobalt (7.5 mg/kg body weight orally) respectively and group U remained as untreated control group.
Egg per gram (EPG) of faeces were recorded on "0" day before treatment and on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days after treatment.. The efficacy of these drugs were evaluated on the basis of reduction of eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces after medication. These drugs showed a progressive decrease in the faecal egg counts. The percent efFicacy of Tvermectin, Levamisole and Levamisole plus Cobalt on 7th, day after medication was 100%, 98.65% and 98.73% respectively and on 14th, 21st and 28th days, the efficacy of all drugs was 100%. rIIIere was no significant difference (P<0.01) in effectiveness of the drugs.
However, there was highly significant difference (P<0.01 between treated and control groups.
The Weights of animals were recorded on "0" day before medication and on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days after medication. The average weight gain in group A, B and C was 1.8kg, 2.10kg and 3.21kg respectively and the percentage of increase in live weight was 6.57% in group A, 7.63% in group B and 12% in group C. Whereas members of control group reduced their weight by 1.68kg. There was highly significant difference (P<0.01) among the treatments as well as the control group.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0616,T] (1).
5.
Prevalence Of Gastro Intestinal Nematodes In Aquatic Birds At Lahore Zoo And Their Chemotherapy With Three Different Anthelmintics
by Ihsanullah | Dr.Iftikhar Gul ahmad | Dr.Haji Ahmad | Dr.Muhamad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: The present study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of gastro-intestinal nematodes in aquatic birds at Lahore zoo and to evaluate the comparative efficacy of Albendazole (Albenzole granules; Selmore Agencies), Levamisole (Vormatox liquid; Welcome Pak. Ltd.) and piperazine (Coopane powder; Glaxo Weilcome). Ninety faecal samples were examined in Medicine Laboratory, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore with direct smear method or flotation technique for identification of nematode ova. Seventy one of 90 (78.89%) were found positive for single or mixed infections of Capillaria anatis (38.89%), Trichostrongylus tenuis (26.66%), Amidostornum anseris (21.11%), Tetrameres fissispina (14.45%), Heterakis gallinae (11.11%) and Ascaridia gaul (5.56%).
Out of seventy one infected birds, 60 were chosen randomly for medication and divided into three groups, each consisting of 20 birds (A = crane group, B = duck group and C = geese group). These three groups were further divided into four sub-groups (Al, A2, A3 and A4, similarly Bi, B2, B3, B4 and Cl, C2, C3 and C4), each comprising of 5 birds.
Faecal samples of the experimental birds were examined for counting of eggs per gram of faeces on day "0" (pre-medication) with McMaster technique (Soulsby, 1982).
Albendazole was given orally to sub-groups Al, Bi and Cl, similarly Levamisole and Piperazine were given to sub-groups A2, B2, C2 and A3, B3 and C3. The sub-groups A4, B4 and C4 were kept as untreated infected controls.
Faecal egg counts were again carried out on days 7 and 14 of medication and the results were compared with control sub-groups. Regarding the efficacy of anthelmintics, piperazine was highly effective with reduction of 88.66 and 99.31 per cent eggs per gram of faeces on 7th and 14th day of medication. Levamisole was found to reduce 84.38 and 97.57% eggs per gram of faeces followed by Albendazole with 83.16 and 95.79% reduction in the eggs per gram of faeces.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0618,T] (1).
6.
A Study On The Evaluation Of Oxytetracycline Potentiation With Citric Acid, Calcium Sulphate & Terephthalic
by Adeel Sial, M | Dr.Iftikhar Gul Ahmad | Dr.Kamran | Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: Oxytetracycline (OTC) is administered frequently in veterinary field for the treatment of infectious diseases in large animals and small animals and in the birds. 11 is readily absorbed from the intestine by most mammals but intestinal absorption in poultry is restricted. This project was designed to get more beneficial effect of oxytetracycline in poultry by adding some potentiating substances like citric acid, terephthalic acid and calcium sulphate in the diet.
For this purpose 100 day old chicks were purchased from the local market. These were reared in the poultry house in the College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore. They were provided self prepared poultry ration and water ad-lihilum for three weeks. After three weeks these birds were randomly divided into five groups A, B, C, 0 and E comprising twenty birds each. Five (lilferent experimental rations were fed for one week to each group. Group. "A" was given the ration without oxytetracycIine and was kept as control. Group "B" was given the ration with 200mg oxytetracycline per kg of ration. Similarly Group "C" was given the ration with 200mg OTC and 200mg citric acid per kg of ration. Group "I.)" and "F" were fed on ration with 5.9gm terephthalic acid (0.59%) +200mg OTC per kg of ration and 8 gm calcium sulphate (8.0%) + 200mg OTC per kg of ration respectively. The blood samples were collected at 1st, 3rd and 7th day of treatment and serum concentration of oxytetracycline was measured by using the agar well diffusion method with Bacillus subtilis using as test organism. rllhe average values of concentration of OTC in serum of group, B were 0.807±0.56, 0.897±0.63 and 0.886±0.64 on 1st, 3rd and 7th day, which indicated increase from
3rd to 7th was not significant. In group "C" the average values of OTC concentration in serum were 1.366±0.66, 1.767±0.62 and 1.657±0.67 on 1st, 3rd and 7th day respectively, which indicated that citric acid had immediate potentiating affect when mixed with oxytetracycline. however, this effect remained constant during further days of treatment. Similarly the blood serum level of OTC in group I) and E was also increased by TPA and calcium sulphate used a potentiating agents. however, these agents are not SO effective primarily as citric acid in group C.
The result of the present study suggest that oxytetracycline concentration remains constant during all the days of treatment if it is supplemented alone in ration. however, in the presence of other drugs or salts used alongwith it as potentiating agents its concentration in the blood varies according to the nature of the drug or salt incorporated.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0636,T] (1).
7.
A Study On Prevalence, Chemotherapy & Blood Parameters Of Mixed Infection Of Fascioliasis & Haemonchosis In Goat
by Jawwad Shabbir Yousafi | Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr.Iftikhar Gul Ahmad | Dr.Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: Total of 300 goats showing sign of diarrhoea and ill health were brought at Outdoor Hospital, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore and 40 goats suffering from Fascioliasis and/or Haemonchosis were selected and divided into 4 groups i.e. A (Mixed infection of’ Fasciola and Haemonchus spp.), B (Haemonchosis), C (Fascioliasis), D (uninfected control). Faecal egg count was performed on day 0 (before treatment), day 3 and day 10 (post treatment) by MacMaster technique. lOmi of venous blood was collected in a test tube (added with 1% EUTA) from the same animals for estimation of Total serum protein, Total leucocytic count and SGPT. The results showed that Albendazole is effective against mixed and single infections of Fasciola spp. and Haemonchus app. The efficacy of drug was 96.1%, 95.32%, 98.3% and 96.8% respectively. In infected animals there was a considerable decrease in total serum protein.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0643,T] (1).
8.
Effect Of Low Level Feeding Of Tylosin And Zinc Bacitracin On The Weight Gain And Immunity Of Broiler Chicks Vaccinated Against Newcastle Disease Virus
by Rahat Ali | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr.Iftikhar Gul Ahmad | Dr.Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: The study was aimed to reveal the effect of low level feeding of Tylosin (tylan premix) and Zinc bacitracin (Albac) on the weight gain and immune response of broiler chicks vaccinated against Newcastle disease virus. Two hundred and forty day-old chicks were purchased from local market. They were divided into 3 groups i.e., A, B and C, each group was further divided into 2 sub-groups i.e. A1, A2, B1, B2, C1 and C2. Group A was fed Tylosin (Tylan premix) at the dose rate of 20gm/50kg of feed, 10-42 days of age. Group B was fed Zinc bacitracin (Albac) at dose rate 12gm/50gm of feed, 1.42 days of age. Group C was fed on un-medicated feed A1, B1 and C1 were vaccinated at 7 and 21 days against NDV and A2, B2 and C2 were reared without vaccination.
The parameters studied were (1) the effect of low level feeding of Tylosin and Zinc bacitracin in broiler chicks on weight gain, (2) feed conversion ratio and HI titre of Newcastle disease virus vaccination was monitored on weekly basis upto 42nd day of age.
This study indicated that Tylosin and Zinc bacitracin when used at recommended dosage levels (20gm/50kg feed and 12gm/50kg feed respectively) did not interfere with the development of birds, immune response of birds in vaccinated groups. Their medication in feed rather produced beneficial effects on weight gain and antibody production due to heavier weight and good health status.
Their weight gain studies indicated that the medicated and vaccinated birds fed on Tylosin and Zinc bacitracin medicated feeds had significantly higher body weights than those fed on nonmedicated and non-vaccinated group at 42 days of age. The immune response of vaccinated birds was higher than those of non-vaccinated birds in the presence of medication. However, there was a need for further investigation.
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9.
Chemotherapeutic Studies On Experimentally Induced Ascaridia Galli Infection In Broilers
by Basir Ahmed | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr.Iftikhar Gul Ahmad | Dr.Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: The study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of albendazole and oxfendazole. It was found that abendazole at dose rate of 10 mg / kg bodyweight (once orally) was 87.87% effective and oxfendazole at dose rate of 7.5 mg / kg bodyweight (once orally) was 90.90% effective against Ascaridia gjjJ infection. Parasite effected the live weight of birds and thymus weight significantly. Similarly, the total serum protein level, serum glucose and haemaglobin level were reduced significantly in infected groups as compared with group A (control non infected). The infected groups C & D were treated with albendazole and oxfendazole respectively, although treatment had reduced the number of worms but the live bodyweight, thymus weight, total serum protein, serum glucose and haemoglobin values were not significantly increased in five days post treatment as compared with group B (control infected).
The GMHI titre (Geomatric Mean Haemagglutination Inhibition Titre) against Newcastle disease vaccine was much low in infected groups (B, C and D), than control non-infected group (A). The GMHI titre in medicated groups (C&D) having some improvement of GMHI titre than control infected (B) in five days, but comparatively much low than group A.
The development in poultry improvement is possible if there is anthelmentic treatment which not only increases the bodyweight of the bird, but also help in better immune response against different diseases of the bird. It is suggested that sub clinical I un observed parasitic infection should be checked with oxfendazole and albendazole treatment and particularly the layers type of birds should be dewormed at an interval of 90 days at least.
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10.
Chemotherapy Of Gastro Intestinal Nematodes In Common Peafowl (Pvo Cristatus) At Lahore Zoo
by Faisal Noman Waraich | Dr.Iftikhar Gul Ahmad | Dr.Khalid | Dr.Muhammad Sajid Afzal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2001Dissertation note: The present study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of gastro-intestinal nematodes in common peafowl (Pavo cristatus) at Lahore Zoo and to evaluite the comparative efficacy of Albendazole (Farbenda; Farvet), Levamisole HC1 (Nilverm; ICI) and Oxfendazole (Systamax; Id). Fifty two faecal samples of the birds were examined in Medicine Laboratory, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore with direct smear method and also flotation techniques for the identification of nematode ova. Forty two samples out of 52 were found positive (80.77%) for single or mixed infections of Capillaria spp., Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinae, the individual percentages being 59.62%, 38.46% and 13.46%, respectively.
Out of forty two infected birds, forty were chosen for medication and divided into four groups, each consisting of 10 birds. (A= infected treated with Albendazole, B= infected and treated with Levamisole, C= infected and treated with Oxfendazole and group D= infected & untreated control).
Faecal samples of experimental birds were examined for counting of eggs/gram of faeces on day'O' (pre-medication) with McMaster technique (Soulsby, 1982). The group D was kept as untreated infected controls. Faecal egg counts were again carried out on days 5 and 10 of medication and percentage reduction of EPG calculated. Oxfendazole was found to be the most effective (98.88%) among the three anthelmintics and levamisole the second most effective (97.93%). The Albendazole was the least effective (95.60%) anthelmintic in the study.
The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in common peafowl was found 80.77%.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0715,T] (1).
11.
Prevalence Of Ectoparasites And Chemotherapy Of Lices In Cattle And Buffaloes
by Manzoor Hussain | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr.Iftikhar Gul Ahmad | Dr.Kamran | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: Ectoparasites are serious problem of domestic cattle in Malakand Agency, N.W.F.P. The present study was conducted to find out the prevalence of ectoparasites on cattle and buffaloes and the effect of ectoparasites on various blood parameters were also studied, like TlC, llaemoglobin (Hb) estimation and differential leukocytic count and also to find out the comparative efficacy of (Endectin; ICI Pakistan) and Ivermectin (Ivoject; China) against ectoparasites in cattle and but laloes. The study was conducted from May to August, 2001.
Out of 392, 21 positive cattle and buffaloes were divided into three equal groups (A, B and C) comprising 7 animals each. However, group D was kept as control group i.e. free from ectoparasites.
Seven animals of group-A (4 buffaloes and 3 cattle) were injected lvermcctiii (lndectin, 1CI Pakistan) @ 1 mg/50 kg body weight once and the seven animals of group-B were treated with iverinecti ii (I voject; China) at the same dose rate. The results were recorded on day 10th post-medication for [he presence of lice. More than 92% lices (6 out of 7) were disappeared after the injection of Endectin; ICI Pakistan and only 72% (5 out of 7) of lices were recovered in these animals.
Group-C out of 7 animals (3 cattle and 4 buffaloes), all were positive for lices. These animals were not given any type of medication or injection. They were kept under observation after environmental exposure to check the immunity of the bodies, from day zero. At day 10 the animals were checked again and found remained positive for lices.
The animals of group-D were untreated control. They were examined on day zero and found free for lices. They were further examined on day 10, and found negative for lices.
From the results of present study it has been concluded that Endectin (Ivermectin) was the drug of choice for the treatment of ectoparnsitcs in cattle and buffaloes when it is given at the dose rate of 1 mg/5() kg body weight by subcutaneous injection.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0728,T] (1).
