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Characterization Of Dgati Gene For K232A Polymorphism In Pakistani Cattle Breeds

by Rashid Hussain | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Dr.Aftab Anjum | Mrs.Saeeda Kalsoom.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Milk is a balanced diet because it contains all the essential nutrients like carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals and enzymes required for health. In these milk nutrients fat is second most important component of milk. Primary component of milk fat is triglycerides (triacylglycerols or TAG), a typical storage form of lipids. DGAT1 gene has important role in milk fat percentage. This gene is located on the centromeric end of the bovine chromosome 14. It was recently studied that nonconservative dinucleotide (AA?GC) substitution in exon 8 of DGAT1 gene, change lysine to alanine at position 232 (K232A mutation) of the encoding protein. Animals that have K (Lysine) at position 232 in amino acid sequence of DGAT 1 will have high fat percentage and low milk yield as compared to animals that have A (Alanine) at this position. The objectives of this study were to identify K232A (Lysine232?Alanine) polymorphism in DGAT1 gene in Pakistani cattle breeds. To find relationship between milk production and K232A polymorphism. Blood samples were collected from different Govt. livestock farms/experimental stations. DNA was extracted by organic method. Specific primers were used for the amplification of exon8 of DGAT1 gene. After DNA amplification by Polymerase Chain Reaction, restriction digestion was done by using CfrI enzyme. Fourty animals belonging to Sahiwal and Dhanni breeds were genotyped for K232A polymorphism by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. Sequencing was carried out to confirm the results of restriction digestion. From the data analyzed it was observed that all the animals of Sahiwal and Dhanni breeds had K allele and no A allele was identified. It has been shown that a missense mutation (Lys232 ? Ala) in the bovine DGAT1 gene in Pakistan cattle breeds is not common. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1283,T] (1).

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Crop Repair Using Different Ingluviotomy Techniques In Pigeon

by Rashid Hussain (2007-VA-138) | Dr. Naveed Hussain | Dr. Asim Khalid Mahmood | Dr. Waseem Yaqub.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Crop is the pivotal organ of the birds’ body. The primary function of the crop is the storage of food. When the crop is full,it becomes more prominent as well as slight pendulous and more prone to trauma. Such wounds lead to the crop fistula formation in birds. Fortunately crop has a good blood supply and heals well. Ingluviotomy performed by making an incision on left lateral cervical region over the crop to minimize disruption of vasculature and complications associated with tube feeding in recovery period. The present study was conducted to compare the different suturing techniques for Ingluviotomy in pigeons (Columba livia domestica).Thirty Pigeons weighing between 275 gm to 350 gm were managed from nearby area of Lahore and were kept in experimental cages of Surgery Section (CMS) of University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. The present study was conducted to compare the different suturing techniques along with glue for Ingluviotomy in pigeons (Columba livia domestica).These pigeons were divided into three experimental groups i.e. Group A, B and C comprising ten pigeons each. In group A comprising of ten (10) pigeons underwent single layer closure with the help of absorbable suture material (Vicryl®) 4-0 using simple continuous suture pattern. Temperature, pulse and respiration were observed at different days from day 1 to day 30 in all groups. The pigeon of group A (single layer closure), showed more variation in temperature, pulse and respiration as compared with the group B ( double layer closure) and C (closure with glue). The bird of group B showed less variation in temperature, pulse and respiration and was normal after few days of surgery. The birds of group C also showed fever and rise in temperature but it was less than the birds of group A and showed more variation in temperature, pulse respiration than birds of group B. Pigeons in Group A (single layer closure) showed poor healing in overall period. At day 30 only 30% of the birds showed complete healing while 40% bird were still in healing phase, the dead percentage was 30. While in term of leakage at day 20, zero percent of the birds SUMMARY 49 showed leakage while no leakage percentage was 70% and the dead percentage was 30. Pigeons in Group B (double layer closure) showed significant good healing during the research period. At day 30 total of 80% of the birds were completely healed while 20 % bird in healing phase, percentage of no wound healing and the dead was zero. In term of leakage, at day 20 total of 100% of the birds were showed no leakage, leakage percentage was zero percent and the dead percentage was zero. In group C ( closure with glue) At day 30 , 50% of the birds were completely healed, 20% birds were in healing phase, no wound healing percentage was 10% , dead percentage was 20 and wound dehiscence was zero percent. While in term of leakage, at day 20 only 50% of the birds showed no leakage, leakage percentage was 30% and the dead percentage was 20 %. In term of postmortem changes it was noticed that fibrosis and narrowing of crop lumen was less in double layer closure birds it showed good healing. In birds treated with single layer closure showed more fibrosis and narrowing of crop lumen while in group where glue is used less narrowing of crop lumen and more fibrosis was seen which showed poor healing. Conclusion The verdict based explanations for better and reliable closure technique for ingluviotomy in pigeons using double layer closure is that this procedure enables proper apposition of crop edges and in addition, there is less tension at apposed site. Besides this, there is more vascular supply in the crop area,that enhances faster and reliable healing of crop repair. As the double layer closure stands to be novel procedure for crop repair, it should be used by avian surgeons worldwide. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2518-T] (1).

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