1.
Stuies On The Histopathology And Haematology Of Experimentally Induced Avian Leucosis
by Afzal Ch., M | Muhammed Tufail Khan | Not Available | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1970Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0126,T] (1).
2.
A Study On The Effects Of Natural Haemohnchosis On Total Erythrocytic Count, Haemoglobin, Serum Total Protein,
by Munawar Sultana Ch | Tufail Muhammed Khan | Asif Rabbani | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0130,T] (1).
3.
A Study Of Pathology Of The Higher Dietary Levels Of Calcium In Broiler Chicks
by Arif Ismail, M | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Tufail Muhammed Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0131,T] (1).
4.
Effect Of Natural Fascioliasis On Blood Total Serum Protein, Bilirubin And Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetuc Transminase In Sheep
by Ajab Khan | Tufail Muhammed Khan | Asif Rabbani | Manzoor Ahmed basra | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1986Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0132,T] (1).
5.
Haematological And Total Serum Protein Patterns In Experimental Escherichia Coli Infection In Broiler Chickens
by Waheed A, Qazi | Tafail Mohammad khan | M.Athar | Zafar Iqbal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0133,T] (1).
6.
Comparative Study On Pathogenicity And Histopatholgoy Of Experimental Borrelia Anserina Infection In Broiler And Desi Chicks
by Arshad Ali | Zafar Iqbal Chaudry | Tufail Muhammed Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0136,T] (1).
7.
Haematology And Serum Electrolytes (Na,K) Patterns Of New Castle Disease In Layer Chicks
by Ghulam Abbas | Dr. Tufail Muhammad Khan | Muhmmad | Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1990Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0138,T] (1).
8.
Haematology And Total Serum Protein Patterns In Experimental Coccidiosis In Broiler Chicks
by Ilyas, M | Tufail Muhammed Khan | Muhammed | Zafar Iqbal Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1990Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0139,T] (1).
9.
A Study Of Micromorphology, Alkaline Phosphatase And Lactate Dehydrogenase Levels Of Buffaloes Suffering From Endometritis
by Mohammad Ali | Tufail Muhammed Khan | Javaid Rashid | Muhammed Akram Muneer | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0140,T] (1).
10.
Studies On The Etiology And Histopathology Of Pneumonic Lungs In Teddy Goats
by Akram Chaudhry, M | zafar Iqbal Chaudry | tufail Muhammed Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0141,T] (1).
11.
Incidence And Pathogenicity Of Contagious Pustular Dermatitis In Sheep
by Manzoor Ahmad Basra | Muhammed Tufail Khan | Altaf Hussain | Muhammed Yousaf Vaid | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1978Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0142,T] (1).
12.
Detection Of Rabies Virus In The Salivary Glands And Negri Bodies In The Grain Of Dogs By Fluorescent Antibody Technique
by Khalid Saleem | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Tufail Muhammed Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0143,T] (1).
13.
A Histopathological Study On The Buffalo Ovary
by Abdus Samad, Hafiz | M.Ajmal | A.H.Cheema | M.Zaman | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1971Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0144,T] (1).
14.
A Study On The Incidence And Pathology Of Salmonella Pullorum In Poultry In And Around Lahore
by Akif Nafees | Tufail Muhammed Khan | Altaf Hussain | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0147,T] (1).
15.
Study On The Effect Of Borrelia Aserina Infection On Blood Parameters In Different Age Groups Of Broiler Chickens
by Qasim Awan, M | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Tufail Muhammed Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0148,T] (1).
16.
Comparative Efficacy Of Casoni Skin Test, Indirect Haemagglutination And Double Diffusion Tests For The Detection Of Hydatidosis In Goats
by Azam Mahmood | Prof. Dr. Tufail Muhammad Khan | Dr. Manzoor Ahmad Basraa | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0149,T] (1).
17.
Haematological And Pathological Study Of Natural Onchocerciasis In Different Age Groups Of Buffaloes
by Khalil Ahmad | Tufail Muhammed Khan | Ata-Ur-Rizvi | Javaid Rashid | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0150,T] (1).
18.
Studies On The Effects Of Aflatoxins On Growth Traits And Toral Serum Protein, Serum Bilirubin And Sgot In Broiler Chicken
by Nasir Baig, M | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | tufail Muhammed Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0165,T] (1).
19.
A Study Of Glucose Potassium & Iron Level In Serum Of Buffaloes Suffering From Parturient Haemoglubinuria In NWFP
by Adatullah | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Muhammed | Zafar iqbal Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Some blood and urinary parameters were studied on 70 buffalo-cows (50 suffering from parturient haemoglobinuria and 20 healthy animals) in this experiment. The animals were divided into three groups i.e; Group 'A" comprising of 17 animals affected with pre-parturient haemoglobinuria, Group "B" comprising of 33 animals affected with post parturient haemoglobinuria and Group comprising of 20 healthy animals.
The blood parameters studied were serum glucose, serum potassium and serum iron. All the three blood parameters were significantly high in animals affected with pre- parturient and post-parturient haemoglobinuria as compared to the control group animals. The values of serum glucose were respectively 78.8, 71.9 and 50.9 mg/dl in group A, B and C.
The values of serum potassium were 14.3, 13.2 and 4.7 in.mol/L in group A, B and C respectively. Serum iron values of 32.6, 29.9 and 27.3 u inol/L were recorded in group A, B, and C respectively.
The urine samples from all the 70 animals belonging to group A, B and C were examined for the presence of haemoglobin, which was present in all the animals belonging to group A and B (animals affected with haemoglobinuria) and urinary PH. The PH values in the affected groups A & B were significantly higher (8.96 in both A & B groups) as compared to the control group C (8.09).
The urinary phosphorus values were also determined in this experiment. The phosphorus values were significantly lower in the affected groups A & B as compared to the control group C. -
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0215,T] (1).
20.
Study Of Haematology And Sodium, Potassium Levels In Serum Of Broilers Affected With Hydropericardium
by Arshad, M | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Muhammed | Zafar Iqbal Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Haematology as well as serum electrolytes (Na, K) were studied in HPS-induced broilers. Morbid livers from birds affected with i-EPS were triturated, centrifuged and the result in gsupernaiant was used as inoculum. -
One hundred and twenty broiler chicks at 21 days of age were divided into four groups, each group was comprised of 30 birds. Chicks in Groups A, B and C were administered with HPS Inoculum through oral, subcutaneous and intramuscular routes, respectively whereas the chicks in Group D served as control. Clinical symptoms observed were depression, ruffled feathers, gasping and disinclination to move. Blood samples were collected on 4th, 8th and 12th day post-inoculation. 1 he total leukocytes increased significantly (P < 0.01). In contrast, total erythrocytes and haemoglobin contents were decreased ( P < 0.05) in subcutaneously and intramuscularly-induced HPS Groups. Oral route of HPS - inoculation did not cause any change in these two parameters.
Serum sodium concentrations were significantly (P < 0.01) decreased due to I IPS-inoculation. Potassium concentrations were significantly increased (P < 0.05) only in subcutaneously anti intramuscularly-induced HPS infection whereas potassium concentrations on 4th, 8th and 1 21h day post - inoculation were not found different among themselves.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0225,T] (1).
21.
A Study On The Effect Of Insecticide On Various Organs & Blood Parameters Of Poultry
by Razzaq, A | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Muhammed | Tufail Ahmed Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The investigation was conducted to study the effects of organochiorine insecticide (BHC) on the hematology and liver, kidney and spleen in chickens.
One hundred day-old broiler chicks were reared upto two weeks of age , then they were divided into four groups i.e. A, B, C and D (25 chicks in each group). Group A was maintained on a feed containing 100 mg BHC/kg feed. Group B was given a water contaminated with BHC at a dose rate of 100 mg/liter. Group C was reared on a litter which was sprayed with 0.65% BHC. 'ihe litter treatment was repeated at an interval of seven days. Group D was kept as control. All groups were kept under close observation for the development of signs and symptoms of BIIC toxicity. The blood from 5 chicks in each group was collected by slaughtering at
the age of 14 days, 21 days, 28 days, 35 days and 42 days. From the collected blood haematologicai alterations (TLC, TEC, DLC, PCV and Hb estimation) were studied and pathological changes in spleen, liver and kidney were compared with the control group. flefore slaughtering the weight of the birds were also taken.
Weight of the birds was recorded before slaughtering, there was a significant decrease in weight in groups A, B and C as compared to control group D and there was significant increase between 21-35 days, 21-35 days and 28-42 days.
Antemortem symptoms were recorded throughout the experiment and observed that feed intake of the treated groups was decreased, growth was retarded significantly. The treated birds were reluctant to move, hypersensitive, dull and depressed with ruffled feathers
In postmortem examination the main necropsy findings were small hemorrhages throughout the body muscles, hepatomegaly and swollen kidneys in groups A and B. The muscular hemorrhages were not recorded in group C.
The main histopathological lesions of liver and kidney included vascular congestion, cloudy swelling, vacuolization, hemorrhages, leukocytic infiltration and necrosis. There were no microscopic changes in spleen of groups A and B after 21 and 28 days, but in groups A and B after 35 and 42 days vascular congestion, hemorrhages and necrosis were observed.
Haematologlcal alterations were studied in all the three treated groups A, B, C and control group
D. There was no significant difference found in erythrocytlc count, hemoglobin estimation and packed cell volume amongst all the groups, at all the ages. The total leukocytic count showed a significant increase in groups A, B and C as compared to control group D and there wa also a significant increase between 21-28 days, 21-35 days and 21-42 days in groups A, B and C. The differential leukocytic count showed a significant decrease in lymphocytes and eosinophils in all the three groups i.e. A, B and C throughout the treatment while heterophils and monocytes increased significantly in all three treated groups as compared to control group D, but there was no change in basophils.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0226,T] (1).
22.
Estimation Of Calcium, Phosphorus & Copper Levels In Serum Of Buffaloes, Suffering From Parturient
by Shaukat Ali | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Mubasher Saeed Mian | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: 75 buffaloes suffering from parturient haemoglobinuria and 25 healthy buffaloes were recorded for study. The samples and data were collected from 8 districts of Punjab. (Sargodha, IChushab, Gujranwala, Shekhupura, Okara, Sahiwal, Kasur and Bahawalnagar). Buffaloes in prime age and good health were mostly affected near parturition or after parturition. The highest percentage of cases was noted in 3rd lactation (36%), January (46.44%) and in post-parurition conclisition (88%). The Analysis of urine samples of affected buffaloes revealed the presence of haemoglobin, and light brown to coffee colour.
The clinical findings were haemoglobinuria, haemoglobinaemia, anoxic anaemia, voiding red coloured urine, weakness, constipation, staggering gait and slight rise of temperature that in later stages becomes subnormal.
The green fooder offered were Turnips, I3arseem and Sarsoon, during the winter season were low in phosphorus contents and considered to be predlisposing factor of disease.
The inorganic phosphorus and copper levels showed a decrease of 44.01% and 43.67% respectively where as serum calcium level increased by 1.89%, in the clinically affected animals.
In Pakistan an increase in incidence of disease has been noticed every year, where as only one Biochemical profile i.e. Serum Inorganic phosphorus level has been identified for investigation its etiology. The number of other factors like, serum, iron, dextrose, behaviour of R.B. C's. during disease and before seasonal fodders, and soil mineral contents are to be analysed for its detail etiological investigations. Our reserach institutions as well as educational departments are requested to reproduce the disease in healthy pregnant buffaloes for remedial measures, as well as its proper control.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0239,T] (1).
23.
Haematological And Serum Protein'S Values Of Young Hourses Affected With Strangles In Sargodha
by Zahid Hassin Abid | Manzoor ahmed Basra | Muhammed | Zafar Iqbal Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0243,T] (1).
24.
A Study On The Patholgoy Of Internal Genital Organs Of Cows
by Tariq, M | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | M.sarwer khan | Zafar iqbal Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: Genital abnormalities inflict heavy economic losses. There were many abnormalities which do not Interfere with normal health of living animals but causes Infertility and sterility. Some of these abnormalities can only be diagnosed If the animal is subjected to postmortum examination. For this purpose three hundred and seven Internal genitalia of non descript cows were collected from abattoir, during the months of August, September and October 1991. The samples thus collected were catagorised Into three age groups I.e. group A (Less than 3 years), group B ( 3 to 7 years) and group C (7 Years and above). The specimens from each carcase were collected, labelled and brought to the pathology laboratory for gross and histopathological studies.
Out of 307 genitalia, the distribution of samples was 74 In group A, 138 in group B and 95 in group C.
In different age groups, the macroscopic lesions observed from the ovaries and bursae consisted of ovarian hypoplasia in 1.62%, inactive ovary In 1.30%, Ovarlo-bursal adhesion in 3.90%, follicular cyst in 2.60%, cystic corpus luteum in 1.95% and Par-ovarian cyst in 0.65% genitalIa. The macroscopic lesions observed In fallopian tubes were salpingitis in 0.65% and hydrosalplnx in 0.65% cases. The gross lesions of uteri were obstruction of one horn In 0.32%, endometritls In 2.93%, pyometra in 2.28%, mucometra in 1.62% and mummified foetus in 0.65% cases. The gross abnormalities observed from the cervix consisted of cervicitis In 2.93%, mucocervix in 1.62%, cervIcal dialation In 0.65% and twisted cervix in 0.65% animals. Above mentioned acroscoplc lesions in different parts of genitalia was confirmed microscopically.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0244,T] (1).
25.
Histopathological Studies Of Experimentaly Produced Disease Of Ranikhet In Broilers And Layers
by Sait ud Din Jahagir Abkar | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Tufail Muhammed Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: A total number of sixty four, day old chicks of which 32 broilers and 32 layers were used. The incubation period was increased with age while the mortality rate was reduced with increase of age.
Macroscopic examination of proventriculus, intestine, heart and brain revealed haemorrhages, in addition to that liver, spleen and kidneys showed necrotic foci. The nasal passages were full of catarrhal exudates.
Microscopic appearances of trachea, lungs, proventriculus, liver, heart, kidneys and spleen showed lymphocytic infiltration. The blood vessels were dilated. The necrotic changes were prominant in all the organs.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0260,T] (1).
26.
Studies On Histopathology Of Brain And Salivary Glands Of Dogs Suspected For Rabies
by Shakil Akhtar Khan | Tufail Muhammed Khan | Ata-Ur-Rehman | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1986Dissertation note: Rabies is a fatal viral disease of all warm blooded animals, including man. Because of its highly fatal nature it is the most notorious and dreaded disease in dogs. The disease in man is characterized by an emotional and neurological disorders with relfex excitability, paralysis and death. The infectious agent of rabies is a neurotropic member of the family Rhabdoviridae found in the nerve tissue, tears, saliva, salivary glands and rarely in other body fluids.
A total of thirty stray dogs and thirty dogs suspected for rabies were included in the present work. From the both groups, the impression smear5were prepared (of hippocampus, cerebellum and mandibular salivary gland) for detection of Negri bodies. Biological test in mice and histopathological changes of bippocampus, cerebellum and mandibular salivary glauds were noted. Out of 30 stray dogs the impression smears of three hippocampus and one cerebellum were doubtful for Negri bodies and all the mandibular salivary glands were negative, for Negri bodies. The biological test in mice was negative for rabies in all stray dogs. The impression smears from thirty dogs suspected for rabies, showed Negri bodies in twelve hippocampus, seven cerebellum and all the mandibular salivary glands were found negative for Negri bodies. Seventeen dogs out of 30 dogs were biological positive for rabies. Histopathological changes were observed in fourteen hippocampus, fourteen cerebellum and ten mandibular salivary glands.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0262,T] (1).
27.
The Effects Of Coccidiostatic Sulfa Drugs On The Blood Of Chicken
by Akmir Ghani | tufail muhammed Khan | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Mubasher | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: Amongst the various poultry diseases coccidiosis is of paramount importance. Many drugs are commonly used against coccidiosis for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes which are found to be toxic. This study was conducted to see the adverse effect of coccidiostatic sulfa drugs Polycox, Darvisul and. Esb3 on the blood components, liver and kidneys of the chicks. These drugs were given to 70 broiler chicks at 4 weeks of age at therapeutic dose and higher level for 3-2-3 days. Their blood was collected on the 9th day post-medication to see the adverse effects on hematological values.
The coccidiostatic sulfa drugs medication produced severe anemia characterized by decrease of erythrocytic count, leukocytic count, hemoglobin contents and hematocrit values. Heterophils, lymphocytes and monocytes decreased significantly. The coccidiostatic sulfa drugs also effected the maturation of the cells in the bone marrow and produced a significant decrease of immature stages of erythrocytic,granulocytic and thrombocytic series. Erytliroblasts, polychromatic erythrocytes, thromboblast, immature and mature thrombocytes and granuloblasts decreased significantly by coccidiostatic su-fa drugs. The bone marrow smears were chiefly composed of erythrocytes and lymphocytes. The bone marrow was pale and fatty in appearance. This study has shown that changes in the blood picture are airectly related to the maturation of the cells in the bone marrow.
On gross examination liver and kidneys showed haemorrhages and necrosis, while microscopic examination revealed degenerative changes, necrosis, haemorrhages and infiltration of mononuclear cells which were prominent. It was evident that increase in the dose level of coccidiostatic sulfa drugs increased the severity of adverse effects. Esb3 produced less toxic effect than Polycox and Darvisul (containing Suiphaquinoxaline and Diaveridine).
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0265,T] (1).
28.
Study On The Normal Haematology And Biochemistry Of Blood Of Buffaloes
by Waqar Sarwar Gillani, Syed | Muhammed Irfan | Tufail Muhammed Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Two hundred clinically normal and healthy buffoloes were studied for different haematological and biochoraical parameters. The animals from birth to thirteen years of age were included in the study.
i) A significant variation in the values of haemoglobin, total erythrocyte count and packed cell volume was seen between animals below 1 2 months of age and above 1 2 months of age.
2) Animals below 12 months of age showed significantly higher haemoglobin contents, total erythracyte count and haematocrit values.
3) Animals below 12 months possessed significantly higher blood glucose level.
4) The cholesterol level in lactating animals was higher compared to non lactating animals.
5) The average values for buffaloes below 12 months of age were as follows: Haemoglobin 12.0 ± 2.H prcent
Total erythroeyte count 8.84 + 1 .85 millions/cmm
packed cell volume 39.7 ± 9.7 per cent
6) The average haematological values for buffaloes above 12 months of age were as under
Haemoglobin
Total erythrocyte count
Packed cell volume
Mean cell volume
Mean cell haemoglobin
Mean cell haemoglobin concentration
Total leucocyte count Absolute neutrophil
11.6 ± 2.8 go per cent
7.48 ± 1 .98 millions/cram
35.35 ± 6.35 per cent
47.92 +
15.95 ±
30.42 ± 4.02 per cent
11641 . 5 ± 1 239 .5 thousands/cm
4339.5 + 540.5 per cubic-milimetor
Absolute lymphocyte
Absolute monocyte
Absolute eosinophil
Absolute basophil 6388.5 ± 667.5/corn
556.5 ± 107.5/cmm
464i-97/emm
Nil
The average biochemical values for buffaloes above 12 months of age were as follows:-
Glucose
Urea
Cholesterol
Inorganic phosphorous Calcium
Calcium
Potassium
Sodium
Choloride 59.7 ± 13.9 mg per cent
33.75 ± 11.25 mg per cent
280.5 ±25.5 mg per cent
5.84 ± 1 .84 rng per cent
9.69 ± 2.91 mg per cent
4.6 ± 1.0 miliequivalent/lit.
136.5 ± 8.5 miliequivalunt/lit
105.5 ± 9.5 miliequivalent/lit
The blood glucose for anirals below 12 months of age was 71.25 ± 14.35 mg per cent.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0266,T] (1).
29.
A Study On The Pathology Of Internal Genital Organs Of Buffalo Heifer
by Adil Pervaiz Anwar Khan | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Tufail Muhammed Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1986Dissertation note: The buffalo (Bulus bubalis) is a triple purpose animal. It provides milk and meat and is extensively used for work in certain parts of the world. It is a good source of fat, protein, vitamins and minerals for human diet. The buffalo milk with its higher fat content is considered by most of its consumero as superior to cow milk.
Gross lsions of the ovaries, oviducts, uteri and cervices, and histopathological changes of the morbid tissues of the ovaries, oviducts, uteri and cervices were studied on the internal genitalia of 150 buffalo heifers. In addition E.coli was isolated and identified from the animals routinely slaughtered at the slaughter house, Lahore, during the months of February and March, 1986. The specimens from each heifer's carcass were collected, labelled, packed in a separate polythene bag and brought to the Pathology laboratory, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore in a box containing ice.
The macroscopic lesions recorded from the ovaries and bursae consisted of cystic follicles in 8 (5.3%), par-ovarian cysts in 9 (6%), hypoplasia in 7(4%), ovaro-bursal adhesions in 8(5.3%) cases. The gross lesions of fallopian tubes were hydrosalpinx in 6(4%) cases. The gross lesions of uteri were mucometra 5(3.33%) and haemorrhages were also in 5(3.33%) cases. The cervices revealed no pathological abnormality. Histopathlogical changes confirmed the above mentioned gross pathological changes.
Escherichia coli was isolated from the uterine horns of 31 out of 150 buffalo-heifers. For the isolation of E.coli uterine material was cultured in nutrient broth tubes, - incubated at 37°C overnight. A smear was prepared from each incubated tube, stained and examined for the presence of Gramnegative organisms. The Nutrient broth containing gram-negative organisms were further inoculated on MacConkey's agar media plates and incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. The characteristic circular, opaque, glistening and rosepink colonies of E.coli on this medium were recorded. Biochemical properties of isolated E.coli isolates were studied. The pathogenicity of these isolates was tested in Swiss albino mice intraperito- nially. No pathogenic isolate of E.coli was found out of 31 E.coli isolates and E.coli could not be isolated from the heart blood of these mice when they were killed after eight days.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0267,T] (1).
30.
Pathological Changes Caused By Escherichia Coli In Young And Adult
by Tufail Muhammad Khan | Manzoor Ahmed | Altaf Hussain Sheikh | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1977Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0270,T] (1).
31.
A Study On The Effects Of Organos Phosphate (Insecticide) On Various Organs And Blood Parameters Of Broiler Chickens
by Shahzada Khurram Ashraf | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Muhammed | Zafar Iqbal Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: The investigation was conducted to study the effects of organophosphate insecticide Trich- lorf on (Ditrifon) on the hematology and liver, kidneys, heart and spleen of the broiler chicken. One hundred and twenty day old broiler chicks were reared upto 3 weeks of age, then they were randomly divided into four groups i.e. A, 8, C and D containing 30 chicks in each group. Group A was maintained on afeed containing Ditrifon at dose rate of 400 mg/kg in feed. Group, B was maintained on a feed containing Ditrifon at dose rate of 200 mg/kg in feed. Group C was maintained on a feed containing Ditrifon at dose rate of 100 mg/kg in feed. Group D was kept as control. All the said groups were maintained on said feed for 7 days. The weights of the birds from each group were taken before treatment with Ditrifcon. All the groups were kept under close observation to record signs and symptoms of Ditrifon toxicity upto the end of 4 weeks and 5 weeks of age 15 chicks from each group were slaughtered for the hasmatology (PCV, Hb concen- tration, TEC and TLC) and histopathological studies (liver, kidneys, heart and spleen). The weight of the chicks from each group were taken and recorded before slaughtering.
There was a significant decrease in weight in groups A,E4 and C as compared to control group D.
Antemortem symptoms were recorded throughout the experiment and observed that feed intake of the treated groups was decreased, growth was retarded significantly. The treated birds of Group A and Group B showed dyspnoea, tremors, exhaustion, incoordination, ataxia and paralysis. The treated birds of group C showed no antemortem symptoms.
The main necropsy findings were small hemorrhages through out the body muscles, hepatomegaly, spleenomegaly, enlarged heart, swollen kidneys and gastroenteritis in group A and B, hepatomegaly and gastro enteritis in group C. Haematological alterations were studied in all the groups i.e. A, B, C and D. There was no significant difference found in packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, total erythrocytic count amongst all the groups, at both the ages. The total leukocytic count showed a significant increase in group A and B as compared to control group D. No significant increase was noted in group C as compared to group B and no significant increase between 28 and 35 days of age in groups A, B and C was noted.
The main histopathological lesions of liver and kidney included cloudy swelling, necrosis, and leukocytic infiltration in all treated groups i.e. A,B and C. Histopathological lesions o-f spleen included presence of focal areas of necrosis in group A and group B after 28 and 35 days of age. In group C after 28 and 35 days of age the spleens were normal. Histopathological lesions of heart were haemorrhage and cloudy swelling in the myocardium in group A and B after 35 days of age. No lesions were observed in all the treated groups after 28 days of age and in group C after 35 days of age. No changes were observed in liver, heart, spleen and kidneys of group .D (control).
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32.
A Study On The Pathology Of The Liver & Total Serum Bilirubin In Buffaloes Infected With Gigantocotyle Explanatum
by Akram, M | Zafar Iqbal Chaudry | Asif Rabbani | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: Due to neglect of proper hygienic measures, the water buffaloes are subjected to many snail-borne parasitic diseases. Amongst these diseases, paramphistomiasis due to bile duct fluke Gigantocotyle explanatum has been reported from many tropical countries including Pakistan. This parasite has been reported to cause various degrees of hepatic dysfunction in the buffaloes.
In the present study, 450 buffaloes were examined for the record of prevalence of explanatum infection. The age dependent prevalence recorded in 3 age groups i.e. upto 2 years, 2-5 years and above 5 years, was 18.2%, 30.5% and 61.4% respectively. Majority of the buffaloes in age groups upto 2 years and 2-5 years were lightly infected (100% and 78.8% respectively). Moderate infection was observed in 2-5 years and above 5 years age groups (2 1.2% and 33.3% respectively). Heavy infection (45%) was only observed in buffaloes above 5 years of age.
The pathological lesions produced by G. explanatum were observed in infected livers from groups A(upto 2 year), B(2-5 years) and C(above 5 years). Grossly, the notable changes in the size, color, consistency and appearance were recorded only in heavily infected buffaloes above 5 years of age (group C). The parasites were mostly seen attached to the common bile duct mucosa. Only in heavily infected buffaloes the parasites were seen attached to intra-hepatic bile ducts mucosa. Lentil sized nodules were observed at the site of attachment of the parasites. The walls of affected bile ducts were thickened and lumina were dilated to accomodate the parasites.
The microscopic lesions included degeneration and desquamation of epithelium of affected bile ducts. The subepithelial mucous glands showed hyperplasia. Mono-nuclear cells infiltration was observed in the subepithelial tissues. Proliferation of fibrous connective tissue was seen on the outermost layer of the affected bile ducts. Disruption of hepatic cords and dilatation of sinusoids were mostly observed in the areas adjacent to affected bile ducts. The portal tracts showed fibro-cellular reaction.
The serum samples from infected groups A, B and C and control groups A1, B1 and C1 were analysed for the study of serum total bilirubin patterns. The serum bilirubin level gradually increased with the increase in degree of parasitic infestation. The serum bilirubin level increased significantly in infected buffaloes above 2 years of age (group B and C) as compared to infected buffaloes below 2 years of age (group A). In the case of buffaloes above 5 years of age (group C), there was a significant increase in serum total bilirubin level in infected group as compared to control group. The major cause of increase in bilirubin level, in this case, was heavy parasitic infestation.
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33.
A Study On The Incidence And Pathology Of Hydropericardium Syndrome In Broilers
by S. Israr H. kazmi | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Asif Rabbani | Zafar Iqbal Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: Prevalence of HPS was recorded by surveying 55 broiler farms in and around Lahore between September 1990 to December 1990. Out of these 55 broiler farms 12 farms were affected with HPS. From 12 affected farms 15225 birds died due to HPS, so the average mortality recorded was 16.36 percent. Indicence of HPS recorded was maximum between 3rd to 5th to week of age, however birds of younger & older age groups were also affected with HPS. Different breeds & feeds have no affect on prevalence of HPS. HPS inoculum prepared from morbid livers, when inoculated into 10 days old, twenty embryonating eggs with 0.2 ml through chorioallantoic membrane route, caused 100% mortality within 3-6 days post inoculation.
Day old, 120 broiler chicks were reared and divided into four groups A, B, C, D each comparising of 30 chicks. At the age of 21 days, broiler chicks of A, B and C groups were inoculated against HPS through various routes i.e. oral, subcutaneously and Intramuscularly, respectively, while D group remained control. Mortality was recorded for the experimental period of 12 days. It was noted that the broiler chicks in group A, 3 birds died having 10% mortality, in group B, 17 birds died having 56.66% mortality while in group C, 14 birds died having 46.66% mortality.
Mortality was maximum within first 5 days, whereas mortality become minimum in the last 4 days of the experimental period. Common clinical signs observed were sudden increase in mortality, depression, yellowish diarrhoea, huddling of the birds.
The histopathological changes in affected broiler chicks included ballooning of the pericardial sac with blood stained (amber) fluid. The pericardial fluid varied from 0.5 to 2.5 ml. The heart become flabby, rnisshaped and enlarged. Microscopically, cardiac muscles showed degeneration, mild congestion, leukocytic infiltration. Liver appeared swollen, enlarged, friable, dark brown in colour and show mottling. Pin point subscapular haemorrhagic lesions observed in markedly fatty livers. Microscopically, liver showed fatty changes, massive necrosis, dilatation of sinoids, nuclei become larger than normal. Light basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies of different sizes observed in liver parenchymoal cells. The kidneys become swollen, enlarged, friable and dark brown to pale yellow in colour. Microscopically, kidneys showed tubular dilatation, degeneration and necrosis. The glomeruli were misshaped and showed glomerunephritis. The thymus did not exhibit any gross or histopathological changes.
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34.
Etiology Of Hypertension In Adult Human Beings
by Tariq Ismaeel, Qazi | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Tufail Muhammed Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: A total number of 80 hypertensive c±€ idividuals and 40 normal control individuals of 40 - 60 years age included in this study. Out of 80, 40 males of 40-60 years of age and 20 males out of 40 control of same age were placed in major group A and AC.40 females of 40-60 years of age and 20 control of same age were placed in major group B and BC. The major groups A, AC, B and BC were further subdivided into A1, A2, A3, A4 AC1, AC2, AC3 AC4, B1, B2, B3, B4, BC1, BC2, BC3 and BC4 according to the age group as followings:-
A1, AC1, B1, BC1 (40-45 years of age).
A2, AC2, B2, BC2 (46-50 years of age).
A3 AC3, B3, BC3 ( 51-55 years of age).
A4, AC4, B4, BC4 (56-60 years of age).
From all individuals blood samples were collected and Serum was separated. The Serum was transferred to clear plastic bottles labelled and stored at - 20 C untill use for the analysis of Serum Cholesterol and Serum Sodium levels. Serum cholesterol and Serum Sodium estimations were done by connercial kits.
The mean Serum Cholesterol in normal adult males were 188 ± 8.41 194.6 ± 6.42, 194 + 14.47 and 191.8 + 20.57 mg/lOO ml in sub groups AC1 AC2, AC3 and AC4 respectively. While in hypertensiveobese males the mean Serum Cholesterol were 281.4 ± 56.46, 291.1 ± 28.61, 286.1 ± 45.90 and 279.9 + 41.19 mg/100 ml in sub groups A1, A2, A3 and A4 respectively. The mean Serum Cholesterol in normal adult females were 179.6 ± 15.54, 174.8 ± 9.54, 177.6 ± 13.42 and 176.8 + 5.12 MG/100 ml in sub groups BC1, BC2 BC3 and respectively. While in hypertensive obese female the mean Serum Cholesterol were 278.4 ± 42.21, 269.8 ± 36.72, 266.6 ± 51.96 and 271.3 ± 45.99 in sub groups B1, B2, B3 and B4 respectively.
These results clearly show that there was significant difference (P < 0.05) present between mean Serum Cholesterbi of individuals in different physiological status. The mean Serum Cholesterol of different age groups of normal and hypertensive obese individuals were not significantly different (P<O.Ol). The mean values of rum Sodium levels in normal adult males were 146.8± 3.42, 145.6 ± 8.29, 147.8 ± 5.01 and 145.6 ± 4.03 mmol/L in sub groups AC1, AC2, AC3 and AC4 respectively. While in hypertensive obese males it was 167.8 ± 8.88 172.1 ± 6.45, 168.6 ± 8.56 and 169.9 ± 9.19 mmol/L in sub groups A1, A, A3 and A4 respectively. The mean Serum Sodium levels in normal adult females were 144.2 ± 7.29, 144.6 ± 7.30, 147.4 ± 4.77 and 147.6 ± 3.28 mmol/L in sub groups BC1, BC2, BC3 and BC4 respectively. While in hypertensive obese females the mean Serum Sodium levels 168.8 + 8.74, 167.4 ± 10.28, 168.6 ± 8.99 and 168.5 ± 11.06 mmol/L in sub groups B1, B2, B3 and B4 respectively.
The results of Serum Sodium levels show that there was significant difference (P <0.05) present between the mean Serum Sodium levels of individuals in different Physiological Status. The mean Serum Sodium level of different age groups of normal and hypertensive obese individuals were not significantly different (P<0.01).
Significant difference (P < 0.05) of Serum Cholesterol of individuals of different socioeconauic classes, different grades of hypertensicn and different degree of deviation fran standard weight were also noted. While in case of Serum Sodium level there was significant difference (P <0.05) in the individuals of different socioeconanic classes and there was no significant difference (P<0.05) in the individuals of different degree of hyperbension and different degree of deviation from standard weight.
The findings of present study will help in the diagnosis and management of hypertension and will prove beneficial for screening Of the cases from general population.
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35.
Pathology Of Experimentally Induced Stunting Syndrome In Broilers
by Ghulam Mustafa | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Dr. Mian | Dr. Shahzada Khurram Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: One hundred and twenty, day-old commercial broiler chicks were obtained. These chicks were divided randomly into two equal groups i.e. control (A) and treatment (B). Each chick of both the groups was weighed and then dosed with one ml of either tryptose phosphate broth (A) or prepared inocula (B) at the same day. Chicks of both the groups were housed separately under similar standard managemental conditions. By 1-2 days of inoculation it was observed that the affected birds of group-B were having pasty vents and diarrhoea of yellow to brownish color. They were having a hunched appearance, ruffled feathers and drooping wings. By 4- 5th day of age an unevenness in the size of inoculated birds was quite obvious. By second week of age some underweight birds had feather developing problems and they were lame showing the lesions of tenosynovitis. In the subsequent period of experiment it was noticed that these severely affected birds had few ruffled, short broken-shaft mature wing feathers and in the later stages of experiment these birds had pale combs, wattles and shanks. During 28-days experiment 20% of the inoculated birds died while none of the bird died amongst the control group.
Each chick of both the groups was weighed at the end of every seven days upto day-28 of the experiment. While to determine the "Feed Conversion Ratio" (FCR) sufficient amount of feed was provided to each group and the remaining feed in feeding troughs was calculated at the same weekly intervals. It was statistically concluded that birds of group-B remained significantly lighter in the weight at all the stages of experiment with severely impaired "Feed Conversion Ratio".
By 29th day of the experiment 23-stunted birds from group-B and an equal number of normal birds from group-A were slaughtered, all of these birds were weighed prior to and post slaughtering. Then the weight of skin, dressed carcasses, muscles, bones, and all the internal organs was also ascertained and their ercentage weight relative to the respective live weight of bird was also determined. During the dressing the gross lesions observed were also recorded. It was observed that the stunted birds were severely emaciated and their skeleton was brittle which broke easily during dislocation. The intestine of the affected birds were palor and filled with partially digested feed and gases. The pancreas and the lymphoid organs were severely atrophied. The lungs, kidneys and the liver were congested, while the heart was having the lesions of focal rnyocarditis.
Then some of the affected organs (intestines, pancreas, liver, spleen, kidney, femur bone and muscles) were processed for histopathological examination. Although all of these organs were having the characteristic changes hut amongst them the pancreas was the most severely affected organ which revealed the classical histopathological alterations necessary for understanding the pathogenesis of the syndrome. Whereas affected spleen presented reduced number of lymphoid follicles with less number of lymphocytes per follicle indicating incidence of immuno-suppression. The datas obtained during present study were analysed statistically by applying student's t-test.
Hence we can estimate a successful induction of the syndrome by a crude intestinal homogenate prepared from the affected birds under local conditions.
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36.
Study Of The Pathogenesis Of Oedema In Broiler Chicks Affected With Hydropericardium Pulmonary
by Shirin Munir | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Dr. Rashid | Dr. Shahzada Khurram Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: For this research project 120 one-day old broiler chicks were divided into two groups i.e., A and B. The birds in group B were challenged with the H.P.S. agent at 15 days of age, whereas those in group A were dealt with as control birds. After the appearance of the syndrome serum samples were obtained from the diseased as well as control birds and then they were all perfused with 1% silver nitrate solution. Tissue samples from heart, liver, lungs, kidneys, spleen and bursa of fabricius were collected, processed and slides were prepared and stained by Haematoxylin and Eosin staining technique. In addition, tissue sections from all the organs were also stained by Silver nitrate impregnation technique.
The most peculiar post-mortem finding was over distension of the pericardial sac with clear or amber coloured fluid. The heart was mis-shaped, flabby with petechial haemorrhages on the epicardium. The liver was congested, swollen, friable with multiple pale areas of necrosis. Kidneys were enlarged, congested and dark in colour. The renal tissue was found to be much friable. Lungs were oedematous, congested and dark. The spleen showed congestion and haemorrhages. Bursa of fabricius was found to have normal appearance in some cases while in others showed slight atrophy.
For this research project 120 one-day old broiler chicks were divided into two groups i.e., A and B. The birds in group B were challenged with the H.P.S. agent at 15 days of age, whereas those in group A were dealt with as control birds. After the appearance of the syndrome serum samples were obtained from the diseased as well as control birds and then they were all perfused with 1% silver nitrate solution. Tissue samples from heart, liver, lungs, kidneys, spleen and bursa of fabricius were collected, processed and slides were prepared and stained by Haematoxylin and Eosin staining technique. In addition, tissue sections from all the organs were also stained by Silver nitrate impregnation technique.
The most peculiar post-mortem finding was over distension of the pericardial sac with clear or amber coloured fluid. The heart was mis-shaped, flabby with petechial haemorrhages on the epicardium. The liver was congested, swollen, friable with multiple pale areas of necrosis. Kidneys were enlarged, congested and dark in colour. The renal tissue was found to be much friable. Lungs were oedematous, congested and dark. The spleen showed congestion and haemorrhages. Bursa of fabricius was found to have normal appearance in some cases while in others showed slight atrophy.
The histopathological study of tissue sections stained by H&E staining technique revealed necrosis, accumulation of mononuclear cells and haemorrhages in the heart. The characteristic feature of liver was coagulative necrosis with disruption of hepatic cords. Some hepatocytes had basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies. Renal tissue showed massive necrosis and degeneration of tubular epithelium along with lymphocytic infiltration. The lungs had oederna and mononuclear cell infiltration. The spleen showed degeneration, necrosis and haernorrhages while bursa of fabricius exhibited disruptions in the epithelial covering of its follicles.
Silver nitrate impregnation explored distinct changes in the blood vessels. There was disruption of the capillary endothelium along with accumulation of oedema fluid around the capillaries and an increase in the size of intercellular spaces.
The data, obtained by the analysis of serum, statistically indicated that the concentration of serum sodium, potassium, urea and uric acid increased greatly whereas the total serum proteins were markedly decreased in the affected birds. Thus it can be concluded from this study that disruption of the capillary endothelium and severe damage and malfunctioning of the heart, liver and kidneys appear to play a predominant role in the development of edema in this syndrome.
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37.
Effects Of Copper Sulphate Medication On Different Organs & Serum Copper Level In Broiler Chicks
by Azhar Saqib | Dr. Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Dr. Mubashar | Dr. Shakeel Akhtar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: The present work was planned to study the effects of copper sulphate medication in feed in broiler chicken. For this experiment 90 broiler chicks were reared under standard managemental conditions for 30 days. All the birds weze weighed and their weights were recorded. Then these were divided into three groups, i.e., Groups A, B and C, each group comprising of thirty chicks.
Group A was given 500 mg and Group B was given 1000 mg copper sulphate per kg of feed, for one week. At the end of the experimental period the birds were again weighed, blood of the birds was collected, the birds were slaughtered and the tissues were taken. The blood was subjected to serum-copper analysis and the tissues of Liver, Kidney, gizzard and intestine to histopathological changes.
Clinically the birds showed anorexia. There was increased water intake, severe depression and paralysis in mild case of poisoning. In severe case in addition to the above conditions there was loss of weight, blood stained diarrhoea, ruffled feathers and, the birds lethargy and anaemic. The most important, gross postmortem finding observed was fluid filled abdomen, and peritoneal hemorrhages. There were areas of etosion and necrosis throughout the length of the gastro-intestinai tract. The liver was pale in appearence, with a slight increase in the weight and fragile consistency. The kidneys exhibited severe inflammatory reaction in the form of congestion and swelling.
Histologically the liver showed vascular congestion, vacuolization due to fatty degeneration and leucocytic infiltration. The sinusoidal channels were reduced. In severe cases there was proliferation of fibroblasts. The hepatocytes showed margination of the chromatin material. In kidneys the renal epithélium was the most effected portion by necrosis and karyorrhexis. There was vascular congestion and leukocytic infiltration. The intestines and the gizzard both showed wide spread areas of necrosis and erosion with thickened lining showing fibrotic areas and the cells of the lining mucosa and sub-mucosa desquamated. The muscular layer of the gizzard showed dystrophy.
The weights of the birds were recorded at the age of 37 days before slaughtering. The results were analysed statistically. There was a significant decrease in the weights in groups A and B as compared to control group C. The serum- copper level was also estimated and analysed statistically. There was a significant increase in serum copper contents in Groups A and B, as compared with the Control Group C.
Little work has been reported on the effects of copper sulphate mediation on the different organs and serum-copper level, in Pakistan. The results of the present study has helped us to assess the effects of copper sulphate medication on different organs, serum-copper level and weight gain in broiler chicks.
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38.
The Incidence And Pathology Of Neoplasms Of Buffaloes In Sargodha District
by Khalid Bashir | Dr. Shakeel Akhtar Khan | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Shahzada Khurram Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: One hundred and forty tissue specimens (suspected neoplasms) were obtained from buffaloes in District Sargodha. These specimens were examined macro and microscopically. It was found that 37 neoplasms were benign and 63 neoplasms were malignant. The benign connective tissue tumours accounted for fibroma (12), melanoma (5). Benign epithelial tumour included papillorna (20). The malignant connective tissue tumour was sarcoma lympho(20) and the malignant epithelial tumour included ocular squamous cell carcinoma (35), horn cancer (6) and Adeno-carcinoma (2).
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39.
The Incidence And Pathology Of Neoplasms Of Cattle In District Mirpur Azad Kashmir
by Ahmad Rafi | Dr. Shakeel Akhtar Khan | Dr shahzada khurram Ashraf | Dr. Mohammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: A survey was conducted in Bhimber, Sammani and Iftikharabad areas of District Mirpur, Azad Kashmir to record the incidence of neoplasms among the cattle. One hundred and thirty tissue specimens (suspected neoplasms) were obtained either by biopsy or from slaughter houses. The tissue specimens were examined macroscopically and microscopically.
Out of total tissue specimens, 100 samples (43 biopsy samples and 57 morbid samples) proved neoplasms. Neoplasms accounted for 74 malignant and 26 benign. These neoplasms included 34% Bovine Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma, 16% I-Torn Cancer, 6% Carcinoma, 2% Adenocarcinoma, 16% Lymphosarcoma, 14% Papilloma, 6% Melanoma and 6% Fibroma.
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40.
A Study On The Pathology Of Internal Genital Organs Of Female Canmel (Camelus Dromedarius)
by Yasser Mustafa Butt, M | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Dr. M. Athar | Dr. Shahzada Khurram Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 2009Dissertation note: A total of 260 ovaries, 260 oviduct, and 130 cervices of 130 female camels including 15 female camel calves, 34 female camel heifer and 81 adult female camels were collected from the Lahore abattoir.
Biometrical values of normal ovaries, oviduct and cervices also determined. The biometrical values of both left and right ovaries comprising of length, width, thickness and weight were recorded. Statistically there was no difference in the measurements of both left and right ovaries which however, increased with the advancement of age of camel.
The mean length of the oviducts of these 3 age groups of female camels determined. There was no difference between the mean length of both left and right oviduct of same group but difference between the group and the length of the oviducts increased with the advancement of age.
The mean length of cervices and cervical annular rings of female camels of the 3 age groups were also determined. The mean length of cervices correlated well with the number of rings.
The incidence of diseased condition of ovaries and cervices in the 3 age groups were also noted which revealed that the incidence of diseased condition of ovaries in camel calves was nil and in heifer ovarian hypoplasia (2.94%) on left ovaries and follicular cyst (1.23%) in adult female camels on the left ovary.
The incidence of diseased condition of cervices in camel calves was nil, mucocervix (2.96%) in heifers and 2.46% including mucocervix (1.23%) and cervicitis (1.23%) in adult camels. The multiple diseased condition was found (1.53%) out of 130 genitalia.
The gross and histological findings of each diseased conditions were studied.
Haematological parameters i.e. Total leukocytic count and Differential leukocytic count studied in both normal and diseased conditions. The normal Total leukocytic values were higher in calf than heifer and adult. Differential leukocytic values were higher in adult. The neutrophils numbers were higher while basophils were lower. The values of Total leukocytic count and Differential leukocytic count were also increased in diseased condition.
The biometrical norms of ovary, oviduct and cervix have been established which could be used as yard stick in diagnosis of pregnancy in female camels. The study of diseased conditions of. ovary and cervices has line-lighted the type of disease and their extent in camel. The haemotological studies including Total leukocytic and Differential leukocytic count in both normal and diseased conditions will also helpful. Based on the information, prophylactic and control measure can better be formulated.
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41.
A Study On Pathology And Haematology Of Broiler Chickens Experimentally Infected With Salmonella
by Younus, M | Dr. Shahzada Khurram Ashraf | Dr. Mubasher | Dr. Shakeel Akhter Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: The investigation was conducted to study the pathology and Haemotology of broiler chickens suffering from experimental salmonella gallinarum infection. Total of 140 day did broiler chicks were reared upto 3 weeks of age and were fed on commercial poultry feed. The birds were randomly divided into four groups i,e. A, B, C and D containing 35 chicks in each group. The inoculation of broiler chicks of experimental groups were done at the age of two weeks at a dose rate of 1ml per bird through different routas ic group A through oral route, group B through subcut, group C through I/rn and group D was kept as control. All the groups were kept under close observation to record signs and symptoms. At the age of 3 weeks (7 days of post infection) the birds of experimental and control groups were slaughtered for the study of haematological parameters (Fib estimation, TEC and TLC), gross and histopathological lesions in visceral organs (Heart, Liver, lung, spleen and kidneys)
Antemortem symptoms were recorded throughout the experiment in all the infected groups and observed listlessness with ruffled feathers, droopy wings, poor growth, weakness, loss of appetite, adherence of whitish material to vent, laboured breathing, slight depression and increased thirst. Conjunctivitis and arthritis in few cases were observed.
The postmortem changes observed in all the infected groups A, B and C at the age of 21 days (7 clays post infection) included enlarged heart, necrosis of myocardium, pericarcil tis, enlarged creamy white liver with pin point haemorrhages, congested lungs with necrotic loci ple.nomegaiy. and swollen kidneys with c1isco1.oiration and triable consistency. No lesions could be observed in control group D.
Haemotological alterations were studied in all the groups i ,e A, B, C and D. There was a significant decrease in haemoglobin concentration, total erythrocytic count amongst all the infected groups A, B and C at 21 days of age (7 clays post infection) as compared to control group D. but: the total leukocytic count showed a significant increase in all the infected groups, i, e. A, B and C as compared to control group D at the 21 clays of age.
The main histopathological lesions observed in al .1 the infected groups A, B and C at the age of 21 clays (7 clays of post infection) in heart, liver, lungs, spleen and kidneys included necrosis, haemorrhage and leukocytic: infiltration. However, in few cases fatty destrophy, congestion and degenerative changes were also observed. No histopathological lesion could be observed in control group D.
From present study it was concluded that fowl typhoid caused by Salmonella gallinarum infection resulted in higher mortality and pathological changes especially through intramuscular route as compared to other routes of infection.
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42.
Effect Of Vitamin E Deficiency And Excess On Immune System Of Broiler Chickens
by Fauzia Kaukab Bashir | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Shahzada Khurram Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: This study was carried out to investigate whether different dietary levels of vitamin E (recommended, deficient and excess) had any detrimental or beneificial effect on body weight gain, lymphoid organs, haemalotogical values, humoral response to NDV-vacci nation, eel I ular response to tuberculin and phagocytic activity of neutrophils of broiler chickens.
The study indicated that vitamin E supplementation 300 lU/Kg feed had beneficial effects on the weight gain of birds, weight of lymphoid organs such as bursa of fabricius, spleen, thymus and liver; feed intake and feed conversion ratio; serum antibody development against NDV vaccination; phagocytic index and delayed hypersensitivity index. Whereas, vitamin E deficiency adversely affects the body weight gain; weights of lymphoid organs such as bursa of fabricius, spleen, thymus and liver; feed intake and feed conversion ratio, serum antibody development NDV vaccination; Phagocytic index and delayed hypersensitivity index.
No significant effect of vitamin E supplementation/deficiecy was noted on haematological values.
From the results of this study it is concluded that vitamin E is not an immunosuppressive agent when used at recommended leavels or even in excess. Vitamin E deficient level in diet lowersthe immunocompetance of broiler chicken, whereas vitamin E excess level in diet improved immune responses and body weight gain.
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43.
Studies On Blood Chemistry And Histopathological Alteration Induced By Mycoplasma Gallisepticum In Broiler
by Shahida Parveen | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Dr. Asif | Dr. Shahzada Khurram Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: For this project 120 one-day-old broiler chicks were divided into two equal groups i.e. A and B. The birds in group B were challenged with Mycoplasma gallisepticum at 7 days of age, whereas those in group A were dealt with as control birds. After 21 days of post infection serum samples were obtained from the diseased as well as control birds during slaughtering. Tissue samples from lungs, liver and trachea were collected and processed for histopathological examination.
The postmortem findings revealed catarrhal exudate in the flares, sinuses, trachea, lungs and oedema of airsacs wall. The lungs were congested, dark in colour and inflammed. Liver showed fibri nopurulent perihepatitis, haemorrhages and congestion. Trachea was found to have a tenacious viscous cloudy exudate which was adherent to the tracheal wall.
The histopathological sections showed oedema, haemorrhages, congestion, massive infiltration of monocytes and heterophils in the lungs. The liver showed evidence of necrosis, haemorrhages and infiltration of heterophils, lymphocytes in interlobular spaces around portal vessels. The trachea showed epithelial and submucosal infiltration with lymphocytes, hypertrophy of epithelial mucous glands' and some catarrhal exudate on the mucosal surface. Sloughing of mucosa with variable degree was noted.
The data, obtained by the analysis of serum, statistically indicated that the concentration of serum uric acid, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum alkaline phosphatase and serum lactic dehydrogenase was increased significantly in infected birds.
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44.
Comparative Study On Pathology Of Hemic System Of Three Broiler Chicken Strains Suffering From Experimental
by Farrukh Hasan Zaidi | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Dr Mubashar | Dr. Shahzada Khurram Ashrrf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: Three hundred day old broiler chicks of three different strains (one hundred of each strain) were obtained from the market. The strains were Hubbard (H) Lohmann (L) and Indian River (IR). The chicks of each strain was divided into two groups of equal number, which were further subdivided into two subgroups. The subgroups Al, A2 ; C1, C2 ; and El, E2 were kept as uninoculated control and subgroups B1, B2 ; Dl, D2 and Fl, F2 where inoculated with HPS antigen subcutanoously at the age of 21 days. The number of diseased chicks who died or slaughtered were counted. The maximum number of chicks showed HPS and died and slaughtered, i.e 66% belonged to H, followed by 30% which were JR and then the L which were 24%.
The haematologlcal values of all the broilers affected with lIPS were determined. In Hubbard strain the mean ±S.E of TEC was 2.02 ± 0.06 million percubic millimeters, TLC 12.57 ± 0.51 thousand per cubic millimeter, Thrombocyte count 28.60 ± 0.40 thousand per cubic millimeter, Hb content 6.51 ± 0.16, PCV 26.05 ± 0.58, ESR 3.63 ± 0.21. The thousand per cubic milimeter. The PLC were also determined which included lymphocytes 55.16 ± 0.54, monocytes 3.00 ± 0.32% heterophils 40.26 ± 0.39%, eosinphils 0.89 ±. 0.18% and basophils 0.68 ± 0.15.
In Lohznann strain the mean j S.Eof TEC was 2.14 ± 0.11 million per cubic millimeter, TLC 18.85 ± 0.2.4 thousand per cubic millimeter, Thrombocyte count 28.42 ± 0.53 thousand per cubic millimeter, Hb content 7.51 ± 0.21, PVC 27.14 ± 0.68, ESR 3.28 ± 0.28. The DLC were also determined which included lymphocytes 58.28 ± 0.82%, moaocytes 3.80 ± 0.31%, heterophils 36.00 ± 0.90%, eosinophils 1.14 ± 0.24% and basophils 0.7l ± 0.26.
In Indian River strain the mean ± S.E of TEC was 2.08 ± 0.07 million per cubic millimeter, TLC 16.10 ± 0.78 thousand per cubic millimeter, thrombocyte count 28.58 ± 0.53, Hb content 7.38 ± 0.15, PVC 26.8 t. 0.58, ESR 3.20 ± 0.24. The DLC were also determined which included lymphocytes 55.60 0.47%, monocytes 3.30 . 0.28, heterophils 39.30 ± 0.49%, eosinophils 0.90 .0.17 amd basophils 0.80 ±. 0.27.
Gross pathological lesions in the inoculated bizds were studied. The heart showed ballooning due to distention of pericardial sac with pericardial fluid. Other lesions Included haemorrhages on the epicardium and flabbiness of the mycordium .tJnder the microscope, degenerative changes in myocordial tissue were seen. Lesions in the spleen included splenomegaly and haemorraghic spots. Histopathologically there were degeneration, necrosis, and haemorrhages. Aorta showed flabbiness of the wall. The disruption of endothelium was also discerned.
Keeping in view all the above findings, It Is concluded that there is a marked difference in uaceptibility of HPS among three different commercial broiler strains and HPS also effects a lot on the hemic system of the broiler. The Hubbard broiler strain is more susceptible which is followed by the Indian River and Lohmann respectively.
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45.
Effect Of Vitamin A Deficiency And Excess On Immune System Of Broiler Chickens
by Ahmad Raza | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Dr. Haji Ahmad | Dr. Shahzada Khurram Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different dietary levels of vitamin A (Excess, deficient and recommended) on body weight gain, lymphoid organs, haematological values, humoral response to NDV-vaccination, cellular response to tuberculin and phagocytic activity of neutrophils of broiler chickens.
The results of the study revealed that vitamin A supplementation at 20,000 1U/Kg feed had beneficial effects on the weight gains of birds; weight of lymphoid organs such as bursa of Fabricius, spleen, thymus and liver; serum antibody development against NDV vaccination; feed intake and feed conversion ratio; phagocytic index and delayed hypersensitivity index. Whereas, vitamin A deficiency had adverse effects on body weight gains; weight of lymphoid organs, serum antibody development agaist NDV vaccination, feed intake and feed conversion ratio, phagocytic index and hypersensitivity index.
No significant effect of vitamin A supplementationldeficiency was noted on haematological values.
From the results of this study it can be concluded that vitamin A is not an immunosuppressive agent when used at recommended level or even in excess (for short duration). Vitamin A deficient level in diet had detrimental effects on immune system in terms of lowered humoral and cellular responses and also decreaed phagocytic activity of neutrophils. Whereas, vitamin A supplementation at excess level improves cellular and humoral responses along with improved phagocy bic activity of neutrophils.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0398,T] (1).
46.
Study On The Pathlogy Of Leg Deformity In Broiler Chickens
by Farrukh Khurshid | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Dr. Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr. Shirin Munir | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: The project was designed to. study the pathology of legdeformity in broiler chickens. Fifty leg deformed broiler chickens were collected from 30 commercial poultry farms of Lahore, Kasur and Pattoki. Abnormal posture or gait, reluctanceto walk and twisted, bent, bowed or rotated legs were the presenting signs. Routine post-mortem examination was performed to observe qualitative (severity and direction of deformity, position of gastrocnemius tendon, subjective assessment of bone strength, swollen and enlarged joints) assessment of bones. Four cases of varus, 30 cases of valgus, 14 cases of slipped tendon, 2 cases of dislocated condyles were recorded, in gross pathology 30 cases of dyschondroplasia, 4 cases of rickets, 7 cases of thickening of tendons, 1:3 cases of synovitis, 5 cases of femoral head necrosis, 1 case of bone abcess and 8 cases of curly toes were observed. It was observed that male birds had greater incidence of leg deformity than females Hubbard strain had greater incidence than other strain and It was noted that the most important age of deformity was 2nd and 3rd week of age and Hubbard birds grew fastly at this age and more prone to leg deformity. The affected portions of bones and tendons were processed for histopathological examination.
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47.
Pathology Of Infectious Bursal Disease Following Challenge In Broiler Chicks Vaccinated With Three Different Vaccines
by Mamoon Rashid Chaudhry | Dr. Shakil Akthar Khan | Dr. Ahmad Raza | Dr. S. Ata-ur-Rehman | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: This project was designed to study the pathology of IBD following challenge in broiler chicks vaccinated with three different commercial imported live virus vaccines i.e. [BUR-706 (V1), D-78 (V2) and Bursine-2 (V3)]. A total number of 240 day old broiler chicks were randomly divided into eight groups, A through H, each containing 30 birds. Groups A, B and C were vaccinated with vaccines V1, V2 and V3 respectively as per schedule of the manufacturers and were challenged at 30 days of age with the local IBD strain procured from Veterinary Research Institute (VRI), Lahore intraocularly, while groups D, E, and F vaccinated with the V1, V2 and V3 were kept unchallenged. The group G nonvaccinated but challenged at 30 days of age was kept as control. The group H, which was non vaccinated and nonchallenged also kept as control.
All the birds were challenged at day 37 of experiment, lymphoid organs (bursa of Fabricius, spleen and thymus) to body weight indices were determined. These organs were also gross and histopathologically examined. Serum samples of each bird was analyzed for estimation of antibody titre by applying Agar Gel Precipitation technique. The experimental data was statistically analysed by complete randomized design.
The clinical signs like haemorrhages in thigh and pectoral muscles alongwith mucus in intestine were noted only in the group which was non-vaccinated but challenged. Similarly the bursa of Fabricius grossly appeared severely hemorrhagic and atrophied in the birds of group G. But the bursas of the birds inoculated with the intermediate vaccines V1 and V2 were also slightly atrophied. The spleen and thymus of the birds inoculated with the field isolate but non vaccinated were slightly swollen with grey foci on their surfaces.
Histopathological study of the bursa revealed an abundance of plasma cells, macrophages and necrotic areas in the medullary areas of follicles in the group G.
The spleen showed multifocal areas of liquefactive necrosis with lymphocytic depletion in the same group which was kept non vaccinated but challenged. The thymus showed no any marked histologic lesion.
All the inoculated birds were found positive for the Infectious bursal disease virus antibodies.
The statistical analysis of the lymphoid organ: body weight index of bursa showed a highly significant difference in the birds challenged but non vaccinated and the birds either vaccinated challenged or vaccinated nonchallenged and non inoculated birds. The lymphoid organ: body weight indices of spleen and thymus showed non significant difference amongst all the birds. Hence from this study it can be concluded that all three imported vaccines were some what equally efficacious in preventing clinical IBDV infection, except the little immunosuppressive effect of the two intermediate strain vaccines.
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48.
Pathological Changes Associated With Experimental Infectious Bursal Disease In Broiler Chickens
by Nyla Dil Tarar | Dr. Shakeel Akhter Khan | Dr ..S. Ata-Ur- Rehman Rizvi | Dr. Ahmed Raza | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: This project was designed to study the pathological changes associated with experimental Infectious bursal disease in broiler chickens. Two hundred and forty broiler chicks on 21 days of age were randomnly divided into six groups, A through F, each containing 40 birds. The inoculum of Infectious bursal disease virus was inoculated intraocularly in the chicks of group A at the age of 21 days, in group C at the age of 28 days, and in group E at the age of 35 days. Groups B, D and F were kept as control for groups A, C and E respectively. Blood samples and lymphoid organs of seven randomnly selected chickens from each group were collected at day 4 post inoculation (P1), 8 P1 and 12 P1, and haematology (TLC, DLC), serology (AGPT) and histopathology of lymphoid organs were conducted.
Typical clinical signs of IBD were noted. The chief and consistent gross lesion produced in the chickens infected at different ages was an initial increase in the size of bursa. At day 4 P1 bursa was oedematous and double in size but at days 8, 12, P1 it was smaller in size than in control chickens. The spleen and thymus appeared almost normal grossly except a few gray foci on spleen.
Histopathological study of bursa of Fabricius (regardless of the age at infection) revealed an initial macrophage and heterophil infiltration of the lymphoid follicle and inter-follicular spaces followed by increased inter-follicular connective tissue, plasma cells, macrophage and thickening of bursal epithelium. Spleen showed lymphocytic necrosis and depletion in the initial stages followed by repopulation. Statistical analysis of lymphoid organ: body weight indices of spleen, bursa and thymus showed a significant difference in the inoculated and control chickens but there was no difference in the chickens inoculated at different ages. All the inoculated birds were found positive for the Infectious bursal disease virus antibodies. The results of hematological study indicated that there was a decrease in the total number of leukocyte and percentage of hetrophils and lymphocytes in all the inoculated chickens regardless of the age at the time of infection. Thus it can be concluded from this study that age susceptibility, from 21 to 35 days, among broiler chickens for Infectious bursal disease was nearly the same.
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49.
Comparative Study On The Effect Of Experimentally Produced Hydropericardium Syndrome On Some Visceral Organs of Three Different Broiler Chicken Strains
by Imtiaz Rashid Qureshi | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Dr. Haji Ahmad | Dr. Shahzada Khuram Ashara | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: Susceptibility, liver function , kidney function and gross and histopathological changes in different organs among different strains of broilers were studied in this experiment.
For this purpose 300 days old broiler chicks of three different strains (Hubbard,Lohmann and Indian River)were obtained from two different commecial hatcheries .Each strain was divided into two equal groups comprising of 50 birds each. These groups were further subdivided into two equal subqroups comprising of 25 birds each .Sub groups so formed were A1,A2,r3l,E2.Cl.C2,Dl,D2,El,E2,Fl and F2. Sub groups (Bl,B2,Dl,D2,Fl and F2) were challenged with HPS inoculum thiough S/C route on 21st day whereas groups (Al,A2,C1,C2,E1 and E2) were kept as control and inoculated with normal saline through S/C route on the same day. Clinical symptoms observed were depression, ruffled feathers, loose dropings, inappetance, disinclination to move and lowering down the head with beak point rested on the litter. Gross lesions observed were hydropericardium,hepatomagaly,nephritis, congestion and oedema of lungs. Microscopically necrosis, congestion, oedema, haemorrhages and leukocytic infiltration was recorded. For the estimation of liver and kidney function, tests for the estimation of total protein concentration and urea concentration in serum were carriedout which showed significant decrease (P<0.0l)in the total serum protein concentration and significant increase (P>0.0l) in urea concentration in the serum of experimentally challanged chicks.
This study revealed that highest mortality/slaughter occurred in Hubbard strain of broiler in which the increase in the level of urea concentration in the serum of inoculated group was the highest. Similarly lowest mortality/slaughter was recorded in Lohrnann strain in which the increase in the level of urea concentration in the serum of experimentally challenged chicks was the lowest. This study indicated that succeptibility directly depends upon the damage occurred to liver and kidneys.
The decrease in the level of total protein concentration in the serum was almost equal in all strains. As regards mortality this study exhibited that maximum mortality occurred in hubbard strain of broiler and lowest in lohmann strain which indicated that susceptibility for HPS varied among different strain of broilers.
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50.
Comparative Study On The Incidence And Pathology Of Morbid Conditions Of Uterus And Cervix Of Teddy And Local Non Descriptive Goats
by Yousaf Hassan Khera | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Dr. Ahmad Raza | Prof. Dr. Rashid Ahmed Ch | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: The project was designed to study incidence and pathology of uterine and cervical maladies in two breeds (Teddy and Local non- descriptive) of goats. Three hundred uteri and cervices (150 from each breed) of goats of three age groups, 1-2 years, 2-3 years and above three years (50 in each group) were collected from Lahore slaughter house and then thoroughly examined for any gross pathological change. The organs exhibiting macropathological lesions were subjected to morphometric, histopathological and histochemical examinations.
Of the 300 uteri and cervices, 35 (11.66%) showed morbid conditions. In 150 Teddy goats, pathological conditions were observed in, 1-2 years age group 4 (8%), 2-3 years age group 7 (14%) and in above 3 years age group 8 (16%). In 150 local non-descriptive goats, gross pathological conditions were present in, 1-2 years age group 3 (6%), 2-3 years age group 6 (12%) and in above 3 years age group 7 (14%). These results showed that incidence of pathological conditions increased with the age of the goats in both the breeds and incidence was slightly higher in Teddy goats than Local non descriptive goats in the same age groups. The following eight pathological conditions namely metritis, pyometra, pigmentation, endometrial cysts, adhesions, fibrosis, hemorrhages and aplasia of uterus were found. The morphometric, gross and histopathological changes of each disease condition of uterine horns, uterine body and cervices were studied. The histochemical evidence of tissue exhibited PAS and alcian blue reactions revealing presence of carbohydrates were also studied.
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