1.
Rearing Young Stock on Tropical Dairy Farms in Asia
by Moran, John.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: Austrailia: CSIRO Publishing, 2012Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.2142095 Moran 1st 2012 29178 L.Production] (1).
2.
Sheep Ailments : Recognition & Treatment
by Straiton, Eddie.
Edition: 7th ed.Material type: Publisher: Singapore : The Crowood Press, 2010Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.30896 Straiton 7th 2010 29478 Sheep] (1).
3.
Sheep Health, Husbandry and Disease : A Photographic Guide
by Winter, Agnes | Phythian, Clare.
Edition: 1stMaterial type: Publisher: Malaysia : Crowood Press, 2011Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.30896 Winter 1st 2011 29479 Sheep] (1).
4.
Practical Goat Keeping
by Mowlem, Alan.
Material type: Publisher: India : Crowood Press, 2010Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.39 Mowlen 1st 2010 29477 Sheep&Goat] (1).
5.
Principles of Genetics & Animal Breeding
by Fh, Khan.
Material type: Publisher: New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, 2002Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 575.1 Khan 29177 1st 2002 Genetics] (1), UVAS Library [Call number: 575.1 Khan 16515 1st 2002 Genetics] (1).
6.
Trends and Issuses of Livestock Production Systems
by Ghosh, Bibek.
Material type: Publisher: India : Gene-Tech Books; 2007Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.08 Ghash 23292 1/e 2007 Livestock.Production] (1).
7.
Applied Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics
by Kumar, Pradeep.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: Delhi : IBDC Publishers, 2009Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.08982 Kumar 24367 1st 2009 L.Production] (1).
8.
Copmparative Study Of Buffalo And Cow Milk As An Extender For The Semen Of Cattle & Buffalo Bulls.
by Ashraf Bajwa, M | Not Available | Not Available.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1970Dissertation note: The present study was conducted to determine the effect of buffalo milk versus cow milk on the longevity of buffalo and cow bulls semens. Two buffalo and two cow bulls were used for collection of semens. These bulls were 3-9 years of age and were maintained under similar conditions at Artificial Insemination Centre, College of Animal Husbandry, Lahore. The milk used was obtained form the same cow and buffalo throughout the study. A total of 16 samples were collected from the four bulls.Physical and Microscopical examinations were conducted to evaluate the semen and samples with 4 or above mass motility were used in the experiment. Two fractions of each extender (buffalo and cow milk) were made. First was heat treated at 90 o c but not homogenized and second was heated at 82.2o c and homogenized. The glycerol in 10 and 20% ratio was added to the diluents alongwith 1000 units of penicillin and 1 mg. of streptomycin per ml. of extended semen. The dilutions were made in 1:10, 1:20 and 1:30 extensions of both buffalo and cow-bull semen in both extenders. The semen was preserved at 5oC in the refrigerator, and observations were made on each day at even hours, for 7 days.
The data so collected were subjected to the analysis of variance, statistically and mean motility rates were also calculated to determine the comparative effects of cow milk and buffalo milk on the preservation of cow-bull and buffalo-bull semen. The study revealed:-
1. That the semen was preserved comparatively better in heat treated milk than homogenized milk both in buffalo and cow milk. This was due to the difference in heating temperature and durations in both treatments.
2. Each buffalo bull's and cow Bull's extended semen with 10% glycerol gave significantly higher motility than with 20% glycerol in both milk (buffalo and cow).
3. The motility percentage was preserved better with high concentrations of sperms than with lower concentrations. The dilution ratio in 1:10 indicated the better results than the other two extensions of 1:20 and 1:30.
4. The cow-bull semen was preserved better in both the extenders for the longer period of time than buffalo-bull semen. However the semen was preserved significantly better in buffalo milk than in cow milk.
5. That in fluid semen extension the use of buffalo milk is recommended in field for future and determination of its effects on conception rates is open for further research.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0001,T] (1).
9.
Effect Of Additional Pructose On The Longevity Of Buffalo & Sahiwal Bull Semen
by Shafique, M | Not Available | Not Available.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1970Dissertation note: The present study was conducted to determine the effect of additional fructose on the longevity of buffalo and Sahiwal bull semen. Two buffalo-bulls and two Sahiwal-bulls of 3 to 9 year of age were selected for the collection of semen. These bulls were stationed at the Artificial Insemination Section of College of Animal Husbandry, Lahore, under identical environmental conditions. A total of 16 samples of semen were collected for the four bulls. BY physical and microscopical examination, samples with four or above mass motility were selected for experiment. Heated homogenized whole-buffalo-milk was used as an extender.Fructose was added in different fractions to the milk (extender) prior to semen extension. Ten percent glycerol alongwith 0.5 mg. of Streptomycin and 500 units of Penicillin per ml. of the extender were also added to each sample.
During the study, data were collected in 1:20, 1:30 fructose per 100 ml. of the extender to evaluate the effect of fructose on the longevity of semen. The data were analysed by analysis of variance, and Duncan's Multiple Range Test was also applied to determine the effect of fructose.
The Studies revealed that:-
1. The semen samples with additional fructose were significantly of higher quality than that of the samples without fructose.
2. With an increase in the fructose level alongwith extension rate, there was an increase in the longevity of the spermatozoa.
3. Sahiwal bull semen could be preserved over a longer period as compared to that of buffalo bull.
4. On motility basis, 1:40 extension with 2000 mg. of additional fructose per 100 ml. of the extender could safely be used for five and six days in case of buffalo and Sahiwal bull semen respectively. Fructose treated semen is further recommended for field trials with a view to determine actual fertility percentage.
5. The fructose had a significant effect on the longevity of semen both the buffalo and Sahiwal bull semen.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0002,T] (1).
10.
Non-Return Versus Actual Conception Rate In Cows And Buffaloes For Predicting Fertility Of Bulls In Artifical Insemination
by Fakhar Allam, Sh | Not Available | Not Available.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1970Dissertation note: The present study was conducted to determine the non-return versus actual conception rate in buffaloes and Cows for predicting fertility rate of Bulls. For this purpose 6 Buffalo and 10 Cow Bulls (5 Red Sindhi and 5 Sahiwal) were selected from the Bulls of different breeds and species maintained at the Artificial Insemination Section, College of Animal Husbandry, Lahore.
During the period from 1955 to 1970 Artifical Insemination were carried out in buffaloes and Cows with good qualities semen of these selected bulls maintained at the Centre. All the semen samples were checked for physical and microscopic examinations. Extension of semen was made in Milk Glycerol Extenders containing pencillin and streptomycin and preserved from 3 to 4 days in refrigerator at 5oC. All Inseminations were mostly carried out by Intra-cervical methods and only one ml of extended semen was used.
In the present study data for first inseminations in the buffaloes and cows of selected bulls were only considered. All the non-return rate were compiled on the basis of 30, 60, 90, 120, 60-90 and 90-120 days intervals with the Ist service. The results of actual conception rate for first insemination were also considered for comparison. The data were analysed by the analysis of variance and Duncan's Multiple Range test was also applied to find out the results. The studies revealed that:
The non-return percentages between species (Buffalo and cow) fpr first insemination of different intervals were found to be significant except at 90 days interval. Similarly the non-return percentages among different specie for first inseminations were found significant.
The differences in non-return percentages for different breeds (Buffalo Red Sindhi and Sahiwal) for first insemination at 30,60,90,120 and 60-90 days intervals were found non significant but at 90-120 days interval were significant.
Highly significant differentes in non-return percentages were observed between bulls of Sahiwal Breed. It was significant between bulls of buffalo breed, while non significant differences were found between bulls of Red Sindhi breed.
The actual conception percentage for inseminations in Buffalo Bulls was lower as compared to cow bulls,but the conception rate for Sahiwal bulls was obtained higher than with Red Sindhi Bulls.
Highly significant differences were obtained in conception rate on the basis of non-return as compared to actual pregnancy test.
Significantly lower conception rates were recorded with natural service as compared to that obtained with artificial insemination.
Based on the results of this study, it may be concluded that more reliance can be placed on the conception rates based on non-return percentages at 120 days interval or above.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0003,T] (1).
11.
A Study On The Performance Of Broilers Under The Oral Administration Of Stilbestrol
by Shahid Bashir | Jawad Ahmed Qureshi | Ehtisham Pervaiz.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1982Dissertation note: One hundred day old broiler chicks were reared upto the age of three weeks in similar conditions. Ninety birds of uniforms shape and size were selected randomly at the end of the third week of age. They were divided into three groups A, B and C with three replicates of each Group A and B were administered 10 mg and 20 mg of stilbestrol powder per pound of feed respectively. Group C remained as control. The treatment continued from 4th to 7th week of age and then was stopped till 8th week of age. From 4th week, weekly feed consumption and weight gain was recorded. At the end of 8th week following data was collected in comparison.
1. Feed conversion ratio;
2. Dressing percentage;
3. Analysis of meat for protein, fat, mineral (Ash) and moisture
4. Mortality percentage.
As a whole highest feed consumption was observed in group B (20 mg stilbestrol per pound of feed). Highest weight gain was also observed in group B while the feed conversion ratio of the same groups was the present as compared to the group a (10mg of stilbestrol per pound of feed).
Difference in dressing percentage was no significant in all the groups.
In the analysis of meat from all the groups i.e. A, B & C, the protein and mineral percentages were without any significant difference
Meat from the group B (20 mg stilbestrol per pound of feed) was significantly low in moisture percentage than group A (10 mg stilbestrol per pound of feed) and C (control).
The fat percentage in the meat showed highly significant differences among all the three groups i.e. A (9.83%), B (10.96%) and C (8.5%).
Meat of the group A and B had higher fat percentage due to the treatment with stilbestrol.
Mortality was high in control group (13.3%) as compared to group A (3.3%) and B (3.3%).
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0006,T] (1).
12.
A Comparative Investigation Of The Nutritive Value Of Various Commercially Available Fish Meals In Broiler Feeding
by Anwar ul Haq, Ch | Not Available | Not Available.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1970Dissertation note: Two experimens, one of growth and feed efficiency and the other for determination of metabolizable energy were conducted on broiler chicks. Three fish meals of 55, 45 and 40 grades prepared by M/S. Pak primco Ltd. Karachi were evaluated for their nutritive values. The control ration was supplemented with meat meal at the same level.
An 8 week growth trial was conducted and broiler chicks fed on experimental rations A, B, C, and D gained average daily weight of 18.88, 18.07, 17.59 and 18.25 grams respectively. Feed efficiency for rations A, B, C and D was 3.18, 3.27, 3.36 and 3.22 respectively. When weight gain and feed efficiency data was subjected to analysis of variance, no significant difference was observed.
In the second experiment of one week duration, metabolizable energy value of experimental rations was determined. Nine week old male chicks of equal weights were maintained in battery cages in groups of two. Three groups were fed on each experimental ration. Method of total collection of excreta was adopted. Uncorrected and corrected metabolizable energy values of rations A, B, C and D per gram were calculated and found to be 3.74, 3.35, 3.20 and 3.37 Calories in the former case and 3.50, 3.12 and 3.12 Calories in the latter case on statistical analysis highly significant differences were seen between rations A--B, A--C and A--D, while non significant differences were observed between B-C, B-D and C-D rations.
Chicks fed on rations A, B, C and D metabolized nitrogen at the rate of 28.41, 28.48, 24.89 and 30.39 milligrams per gram of diet. Significant difference at 5 percent level was observed between rations D-C, because of high protein and low mineral contents of ration D than ration C.
Following conclusions can be drawn from the present research study:-
1. All three fish meals used, possessed high nutritive value.
2. Sun curing may be a satisfactory process of drying fish meals and does not deteriorate the quality of fish meals for poultry feeding.
3. Fish meal of lowest grade gave comparable results in growth, feed efficiency and metabolizable energy values with meat meal and the latter can be completely replaced without effecting the biological value of rations.
4. Complete replacement of meat meal with fih meal of lower quality will decrease the feed cost by 15-20 percent as the latter is available at approximately half of the price of meat meal.
5. Fish meals used at 7 percent level did not give any fishy odour to the meat of broilers.
6. More research work is required to evaluate various fish meals preferably at lower levels.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0007,T] (1).
13.
Study On The Incidence Of Lameness In Broilers Of Different Age Groups Under Different Management Conditions In And Around Lahore
by Nooman Sh., M | Ehtisham Pervaiz | Javaid Ahmed | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: The study was aimed to find out the incidence of lameness in broilers at different age groups under different management conditions in and around Lahore.
The project was devided into two parts.
1. Research Work
2. Survey Work
Research Work
In research two hundred broilers chicks were reared in the college. They were brooded uniformly for two weeks. Then 162 birds were selected randomly and divided into three treatments i.e. A, B and C on the basis of depth of littre i.e. 1 inch, 2 inches, and 3 inches respectively. The parameters studied were weight gain, lameness and mortality from 3 weeks to 6 weeks age.
Weekly data starting from 3rd week onward revealed that the treatment C having 3 inches depth of littre gained more weight, less leg lameness and differed highly significantly (P<0.01) from B and A.
Survey Work
In Survey Work three data from types of farms I, II and III (Houses having length less than 50 feet, width less than 30 feet and window height less than one foot from the floor)(Houses having length in between 50-70 feet, width 30 feet and window height 1-2 feet from the floor) and (Houses having length more than 70 feet, width more than 30 feet and window height more than two feet from the floor were collected and analysed.
The study was based on three different age groups i.e. 3 weeks, 6 weeks and 7 weeks. The study revealed a highly significant difference (P<0.01) in three age groups. Three weeks age group showed least leg lameness. A highly significant difference was also observed between age groups of 6 weeks and 7 weeks. This difference is because broiler start gaining weight rapidly after 5 weeks.
A significant difference was also observed in all the Specification. A highly significant difference was observed between specification I and III and II and III. No Significant difference was observed between specification I and II. It was observed that as the length, width and window height from the floor increased the leg lameness also increased.
There was no mortality throughout the experimental period.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0008,T] (1).
14.
Effect Of Various Litter Materials With Different Stock Dessities On The Performance Of Broiler Chicks
by Arif Mahmood | Javed Ahmed Qureshi | Ehtisham Pervaiz | Mubashar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1990Dissertation note: The experiment was performed to study the effect of floor space and litter materials on the growth rate, weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage and weight of giblets etc. of broiler chicks. One hundred and twenty, day od broiler chicks were used in this study. The experimental broilers were randomly divided into two groups Viz A and B, with each group containing 60 chicks. Both the groups were further divided into 3 sub groups viz AI, AII, AIII and BI, BII, BIII. Every sub group was randomly allotted 20 chicks each.
The experimental chicks were provided floor space of 1.0 and 0.5 sq.foot per bird in groups A and B respectively. Saw dust, rice hulls and cut wheat straw were used as litter material for sub groups AI-BI, AII-BII and AIII-BIII respectively. The chicks were provided same feed and water ad-libitum. All other managemental conditions were same except the floor space and litter materials.
During the experimental period the data for weight gain feed in take and feed conversion ratio was recorded on weekly basis. Then the data was subjected to analysis of variance using randomized complete black design. All the parameters showed non significant difference among the treatments.
However visual observations of the litter in different groups for fitness and maintenance showed, that rice hulls were superior litter as compared to saw dust and cut wheat straw due to less cake formation.
As the results of present study indicates that floor spaces of 0.5 sq.ft/bird and 1 sq.ft/bird do not have any significant effect on weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and dressing percentage, so it is concluded that broilers can be reared at the floor space of 0.5 sq.ft/bird without any harmfull effect, in moderate climate. In hot climate sufficient ventilation should be provided to the birds when stock density is increased.
Similarly different litter materials i.e. saw dust, rice hulls and cut wheat straw also showed non significant difference for weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and dressing percentage etc. Although cut wheat straw did not prove to be a good litter material for use in broiler houses. However rice hulls and saw dust are approved as good litters for rearing the broilers.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0009,T] (1).
15.
Comparative Study Of Desi Fowl (Fural Fowl) And Payoumi(Egyptian Fowl) Under Controlled Managemental Conditions
by Safdar Anjum, M | Muhammed Saleem Chaudry | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti | Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: The study conducted at the College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore was aimed to compare the Desi fowl (Rural breed) and Fayoumi (Egyptain breed) for the selection of breed best suited for meat production. The basis of the selection were body weight, feed consumption, feed efficiency, production cost, slaughter analysis and chemical composition of the carcass.
120 eggs of the Desi breed were collected from the deep rural areas of Punjab and the same number of eggs of Fayoumi breed was obtained from Government Poultry Farm Lahore. These Eggs were hatched in the Animal Husbandry section, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore. Sixty birds each of Desi and Fayoumi breed were divided into three replicates and reared under controlled managemental conditions upto 16 weeks of age. Broiler starter ration was fed ad.libitum during the first 8 weeks of age and broiler finisher ration during the last 8 weeks of age.At the 8th, 12th, and 16th week of age 3 birds from each group were taken randomly and slaughtered. The slaughter analysis and chemical composition of the meat was studied (Richard, 1984). The data wa subjected to two way analysis of variance and 2*2*3 factorial. There was no significant difference in body weight upto 10 weeks of age but Desi breed gained significantly more body weight from 11th to 16th week of age. Feed consumption and feed efficiency of Desi breed was highly significantly better as compared to Fayoumi birds. Mortality was found to be more in Desi birds and production cost was more in Fayoumi. Non significant differences were found between the breeds in Dressing percentage, Giblet, Liver, Gizzard, and Heart weight. Breast meat percentage, Shank and Keel lengths were also non significant between the breeds. However there were highly significant between the breeds during 8th. , 12th, and 16th week of age. Bone meat ratio was highly significantly more in Fayoumi breed. Breast width was more in Desi and the difference between the breeds was significant. Correlations of breast meat,shank and keel length with body weight were found higher in Desi breed.
Chemical analysis indicated non significant differences between the breeds in moisture and crude protein contents; although apparently moisture percentage was higher in Fayoumi and protein were notices more in Desi Breed. Lipid percentage was higher in Fayoumi fowl at 8th week of age whereas it increased at the 12th and 16th week of age in local fowl and significant difference between the breeds was observed. The Percentage of ash was significantly more in Fayoumi breed. On the whole the results of the study indicate better overall performance by Desi birds.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0010,T] (1).
16.
Study On The Effect Of Various Floor Spaces On The Performance Of Broilers Kept In Cages
by Arshad Hussain, S | Muhammed Saleem Chaudry | Ehtisham Pervaiz | Mubasher.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1983Dissertation note: The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of various floor spaces on the performance of broilers kept in cages. One hundred and twenty day old (Indian River of Hybred Pakistan Ltd) chicks were reared for the experimental units of 36 birds each and were kept on 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 sq. foot floor space per bird. They were fed on a commercial ration. The other conditions like temperature, humidity, light and ventilation were similar for all the groups.
The broilers at the end of 8th week, gained an average live weight of 2.023,2.054 and 2.063 kg with a feed conversion ratio of 2.45, 2.43 and 2.41 at densities of 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 sq. foot per bird respectively. No significant difference was observed on the three different floor spaces of 0.50,0.75 and 1.0 square foot per bird on cages for feed efficiency. The mean dressing percentage recorded were 64.3, 65.9 and 66.9 at 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 sq.foot of floor space respectively at the end of experiment. The differences in dressing percentage were also statistically non significant.
It is worth mentioning that no mortality was observed during whole of the experimental period.
Suggestions
At the end of experiment it was found that broilers can be reared in cages at a density of 0.5 sq. foot efficiently and economically up to the age of 8 weeks without any detrimental effect on the growth rate and feed conversion ratio. It is therefore recommended that the broilers should be kept at 0.5 sq. foot per bird in cages.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0011,T] (1).
17.
Study On The Effect Of Various Floor Spaces On Feed Efficiency, Weight Gain And Dressing Percentage Of Broilers Kept On Litter System
by Zain-ul-Abidin | Ehtisham Pervaiz | Muhammed | Muhammed Saleem.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1981Dissertation note: An experiment was designed to study the effect of population density on the weight gain, feed efficiency, dressing percentage and carcass chemical composition of the broilers at 8 weeks of age. One hundred day-old (Hubbard) chicks were reared in the floor pens with wood litter for 2 weeks, after 2 weeks 90 chicks were selected and were randomly divided into 3 groups of 30 chicks each. Each group was further sub divided into three replicates of 10 chicks of groups were placed at densities of either 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 square foot per bird up to 8 weeks of age. Other conditions were the same for all the groups.
Data was recorded in respect of body weight gain, feed efficiency. The average gain in body weight per bird at 8 weeks of age was 1827, 1878 and 1894 gm on 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0 square goot space per bird, respectively. The feed efficiency values were found to be 2.19, 2.21 and 2.21 for the birds kept on 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0 square foot floor space per bird, respectively.
Differences in weight gain and feed efficiency were no significant.
At the end of the study, 3 birds from each groups were randomly taken, slaughtered, dressing percentage calculated, the meat was analysed for approximate analysis of other extract, protein and ash percentage.
However the difference due to the effect of various floor spaces were found no significant except in other extract percentage, which was more in birds kept at 0.50 square foot floor space per bird due to restricted movements. The results of present experiment showed that there was no determental effect due to different floor spaces on the performance of broiler, however, the birds kept at 0.50 showed soiled plumage and about 10 percent showed breast blisters.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0012,T] (1).
18.
The Influence Of Egg Weight On Hatchability Chick Weight And Its Subsequent Performance Upto Six Weeks
by Farooq, M | Ehtisham Pervaiz | Mian Nisar | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: This study was conducted at the poultry department, college of Veterinary Sciences Lahore, to examine the effect of egg weight on fertility, hatchability, chick weight and their subsequent performance up to six weeks of age. Eggs of Hubbard Broiler breeders were used in this study. The eggs were classified in four weight groups, viz; A, B, C and D with the weight range of 48-51 gms, 52-55gms, 56-59gms and 60-63gms respectively. One hundred and fifty eggs of each group were selected randomly and incubated in the hatchery. Fertility and hatchability were recorded on the 18th and 21st days of incubation respectively. Sixty chicks from each egg weight class were picked up randomly. The chicks were weighed and wing banded individually and was transferred to the thermostatically controlled electric brooder. The chicks within each egg weight group were further divided into four sub-groups with 15 chicks in each sub-group. The records of weekly weight gain, total weight and feed consumption were maintained and feed efficiency was also measured. No culling was practiced during the conduct of the experiment. Mortality, whenever occurred was recorded. The results of the present study showed a higher percentage of fertility in the group D than in groups A, B and C whereas the fertility in the group B and C was identical. The hatchability of eggs was higher in group B, followed by group C, A and D.
The chicks hatched from various egg weight groups differed significantly from each other in respect of their weights. Chicks of group D had the highest weight followed by group C, B and A respectively. Statistically highly significant differences were observed in the subsequent growth up to 6th week of age.
The feed consumption and feed efficiency of group D was apparently higher than the other three groups, but statistically there was no significant difference. Mortality was higher in group A than in the groups B, C, and D. The number of dead chicks being 4, 3, 1 and 1 respectively.
It is concluded from the present study that chicks hatched from larger and medium eggs were heavier at day old, gained considerably more weight up to 6th week of age and shoed a lower percentage of mortality as compared to chicks hatched from smaller eggs. However the chicks from smaller eggs consumed the same quantity of feed as consumed by chicks from larger and medium eggs so it is not economical to select small eggs for hatching in commercial broiler production.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0013,T] (1).
19.
Studies On The Performance, Chemical Composition And Quality Of The Carcass In Relation To Sex And Age Of Different Broiler Strains
by Nadeem Ahmad | Muhammed Saleem Chaudry | Ehtisham | Mian Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Poultry industry I Pakistan, has been commercialized shoeing an annual increase of 15 percent for the last ten years (Pak. Economic Analysis Network Project 1988). The poultry farming is the quickest, efficient economical and comparatively cheapest source of good quality protein. Although a considerable work has been done on various aspect of their rearing in our local environmental and managemental conditions, yet some areas remained unexplored. One of these areas was the study on comparative productive performance, qualitites and chemical composition of carcass of various commercial broiler strains, in relation to sex and age.
In the present study, four different strains and sexes of Ross, Lohmann, Indian River and Hubbard were evaluated and compared for productive performance and carcass characteristics at different age periods. A total of 240 one day old, Sex separated chicks with equal number (60) of each strain were reared for a period of 8 weeks, under indentical managemental conditions. Among male birds Hubbard gained highly significantly (P<0.01) more weight than that of other strains, while non-significant difference (P<0.05) was found between Ross and Lohamann and showed significantly better weight gain than the Indian river strain. Females birds of Hubbard strain had also gained significantly (P<0.05) more weight than that of other strains, while non significant difference was found among the females of rest of the three strains. The results on weekly feed convertion ratio were found to be non significant (P<0.05) due to strain and significant due to age of the birds . While among sexes it was found that male birds of each strain showed better F.C.R compared with that of female chicken.
The dressing percentage increased significantly with age, male birds of the strain showed better dressing percentage compared with the female birds of the respective strains though statistically the diference was found to be non-significant (P<0.05).The birds of Hubbard strain showed significantly better dressing percentage than that of the other strains. A significant difference was also observed between Lohmann and Indian River strain while the difference between Ross and Indian River was statistically non-significant as was the difference between Ross and Lohmann strain (P<0.05). The values for weight of Giblet of Ross, Lohmann and Indian River Strain were non-significantly different (P<0.05) from each other but were significantly poor than that of Hubbard strain. A non-significant difference in shank length was observed among various strains (P<0.05). Non-significant difference in length of kell bone was found among birds of Ross, Lohmann and Indian River Strain while birds of both sexes of Hubbard strain had significantly (P<0.05) greater length of kell boe. Moreover it was observed that female birds of all the strain had greater length of keal bone compared with male birds of their respective strains. Female birds of all the strain had significantly greater bone, meat ratio compared with the male birds of their respective strains. Birds of Ross. Lohmann and Indian River Strain Had significantly lesser meat bone ratio than that of Hubbard strain (P,0.05). Difference in meat bone ratio between Lohmann and Ross strain was found to be statistically significant, but non-significant between Lohmann and Indian River strains (P<0.05).
The effect of strain, age and sex on the composition of carcass revealed that moisture percentage was not significantly affected by strain and sex. However it decreased with increase in age. Crude protein contents generally increased with age in both sexes of all the four strains. Protein percentage was found to be similar between both the sexes of all strains. Fat contents increased with age In all the four strains. Female broilers of all strain had significantly greater fat contents than the male broilers (P<0.05). Between the male and female broilers Hubbard strain had significantly more fat percentage, followed by Indian River, Ross and Lohmann. There was no effect on the ash contants of carcase due to sex and strain, though it decreased with increase in age.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0015,T] (1).
20.
Study On Performance Of Broilers Under Different Intensities (Wattages) Of Light And Illuminated Feeders
by Afzal Sajid, M | Ch. Muhammed Saleem | Dr. Nisar | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: The study was aimed to find out the effect of different light intensities (wattages) on weight gain, feed consumption feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage, mortality and abnormalities in broiler chicks. 120, one day old chicks were selected and divided randomly in four groups of 30 chicks each. The following light treatments were provided to the chicks of the Groups A,B,C and D. (A) 40 watt bulb at night and natural day light (B) 25 watt bulb at night and natural day light (C) 15 watt bulb at night and natural day light (D) Spot-lighted feeders with 5 watt bulb at night and natural day light. Each chick was given 0.8 sq. ft. floor space. Feeding and watering were provided ad.lib. under indentical managemental conditions.
Weekly data starting from 4th week onwards revealed that at 4th week of age there wa non-significant difference in weight gain, feed consumption and feed convertion ratio among the four treatment groups. Significant differences in weight gai and feed conversion ratio and non-significant differences in feed consumption were noticed among the groups at 8th week of age.
The results indicate that birds of Group A due to more activities under high wattage gained least weight i.e. 1.6937 Kg and sonsumed more feed i.e. 4.8017 Kg and showed poorest feed conversion ratio i.eo 2.84 as compared to the birds of rest of three groups, i.e. B, C and D. The birds of Group B gained less weight i.e. 1.7343 Kg, consumed more feed i.e. 4.7983 Kg and showed poorer feed conversion ratio i.e. 2.77 than the birds of Group C and D. The birds of Group C gained less weight, i.e. 1.8293 Kg consumed more feed i.e. 4.6733 Kg and showed poor feed conversion ratio i.e. 2.55 when compared with the birds of Group D but showed better performance tha the birds of Group A and B. The birds of Group D gained significantly more weight (P<0.05) i.e. 1.8567 Kg, at low feed intake i.e. 4.6510 Kg and showed significantly better feed conversion ratio (P<0.05) i.e. 2.50 as compared to the birds of Group A and B, as the light intensity (wattage) available to the birds of Group D was very low, hence there was less activity due to less movement, as compared to Group A,B and C. Therefore, the birds of Group D converted more available energy into weight gain and showed best performance as compared to other three groups i.e. A, B and C.
Dressing percentage recorded after 8th week of age was 61.85% 62.24% 62.86% and 63.11% for Group A, B, C and D respectively. A non-significant difference was observed among all the groups.
There was no mortality throughout the experimental period and apparently no considerable abnormality was observed.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0016,T] (1).
21.
Performance Of Broilers, Kept On Different Stock Densities And Depths Of Letter
by Zafar Iqbal | Ehtisham Pervaiz | Muhammed | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: One hundred and twenty day-old broiler chicks were used in the study. All the birds were brooded uniformally on the floor for the first two weeks. They were then divided randomly into four treatments on the basis of floor space and litter depth, having floor spaces of 750 or 500 sq. cm. /bird and litter depths of 8 or 16 cm. The parameters studied were body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and mortality from 3 to 8 weeks of age. Hemoglobin concentration and differential leukocyte count were also investigated at 21st. 35th and 49th day of the experiment. Dressing percentage and chemical analysis of carcasses of birds were performed at the end of experiment.
No significant difference was observed in body weight feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and dressing percentage among the treatments. Mortality and breast blisters were negligible hemoglobin concentration was also non significant among the treatments. A significant difference was observed in Heterophil/Lymphocyte ratio and in number of lymphocytes at 35th day.
Heterophil/Lymphocyte ratio was increased while number of lymphocytes decreased by increasing the stock density. Chemical analysis of carcasses of birds also showed non-significant differences among different treatments between the values of protein, fat, ash and moisture.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0017,T] (1).
22.
Study On The Effect Of Artificial Insemination On Fertiligy And Hatchability Of Eggs In Poultry
by Nisar Ahmad | Mubbasher Ahmed Shah | Ehtisham Pervaiz | Sagir Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1983Dissertation note: The main objective of this research was to examine the possibility of using skimmed milk and whole milk as diluents of fowl semen under the local environment. The research was carried out on 56 weeks old hens at the poultry Research Institute, Rawalpindi. The birds were trap nested in individual cages and cages were arranged in three tiers. The birds were exposed to 16L: 8D. Feed and water were available at all times. Study was executed in two phases.
In the first series of trials, skimmed milk was used in five different dilutions comprising 1:5, 1:10, 1:15, 1:20 and 1:25 undiluted semen (Treatment A) served as control group. The experiment was repeated four times to remove any experimental error and to minimize variability between the trials. The hatchability of eggs was maximum in the control group, and it was observed to be statistically significant (P<0.01) than all other competitive treatments. The skimmed milk dilutions gave poor hatchability although hatchability increased with the reduction in the dilution ratio.
The second phase of trials consisted of two trials and each trial had three treatments, i.e. undiluted semen (A), skimmed milk dilution 1:2 (B) and whole milk dilution 1:2 (C), treatment B was included in the trials to make the skimmed milk studies comprehensive and to compare it with the whole milk as diluents of chicken semen. The hatchability of eggs in treatment A and C was substantially higher than the skimmed milk group (Treatment B).
The number of infertile eggs in the skimmed milk group was very high and it was significantly (P<0.01) more than all other treatments. This higher infertility could e ascribed to old age of the birds and high temperature (above 40oC) of summer season. This might, therefore, be concluded that the whole milk proved satisfactory diluents of fowl semen while pure skimmed milk gave poor hatchability.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0018,T] (1).
23.
Study On The Effect Of Various Levels Of Dietary Protein In Quail
by Saleem Khan, M | Ch.Muhammed Saleem | Muhameed ASlam Bhatti | Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: The experiment was conducted on 270 one day old Japanese quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) to study the effect of various levels of dietary protein on the performance of quail chicks. The chicks were randomly divided into five experimental groups, comprising 54 chicks. Each group was further sub-divided into 3 replicates of 18 chicks each. The data collected was statiscally analysed using analysis of variance.
Five experimental rations A, B, C, D and E containing 24, 26, 28, 30 and 32 percent protein were prepared respectively. The rations were isocaloric, each containing about me 2800 Kcal/kg. The allotted rations and fresh water were provided to the respective groups ad lib for a period of eight weeks. Brooder temperature was maintained at 95o F during first week of the study. It was lowered at the rate of 5oF every week till it reached 70oF, thereafter it was kept constant. The rest of the managemental and environmental conditions were identical.
The results of the study revealed non-significant difference in body weight, feed consumption and feed conversion in all the five groups of experimental chicks. Best feed conversion ratio was observed in chicks fed on ration B and C containing 26 and 28% protein respectively. Chicks fed on ration A, D and E revealed poor feed conversion ratio. Maximum mortality (7.4%) was observed in chicks fed on ration B containing 26% protein.
The results indicated that birds fed on 26% protein gave the highest dressing percentage (70.2) while chicks fed on 24% protein gave the minimum dressing percentage (65.1). Best feathering was observed in group B fed on ration containing 26% protein and poorest feathering was in the chicks fed on ration a containing 24% protein.
Results of the experiment indicated that chicks fed on 26% protein ration gave the best performance and were quite economical.
Conclusion
At the end of study, it was found that Japanese quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) can be reared economically on a ration containing 26% protein under local environmental conditions with best weight gain, feed conversion ratio, feather development, dressing percentage and lowest mortality percentage.
It is, therefore, recommended that the quail should be reared by using 26% protein in ration.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0019,T] (1).
24.
Performance Of Broilers Sexes Separately Versus Combined In Cages
by Irfan Zahid, M | Jaweed Ahmed Qureshi | Ehtisham Pervaiz.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1982Dissertation note: The aim of the experiment was to study the performance of broilers sexes separately versus combined in cages. Ninty, day-old chicks (Pilch) were reared for the experiment. The chicks were first divided into three groups of thirty each (30 males, 30 females and 30 mixed). Each group was further divided into three replicates of ten chicks. A commercial ration was fed to the birds and was reared in batteries. The environmental conditions were similar for all groups. Daily feed consumption record was maintained and the birds were weighed at the end of 6th, 7th and 8th week.
At the end of 8th week gained an average live weight of 2332.00, 2315.5 and 2339.5 grams, females 1892.0, 1927.5 and 1956.0 grams and mixed 2152.0, 2097.0 and 2111.0 grams, per bird, with a feed conversion ratio of 2.228, 2.198 and 2.248 for males, 2.214, 2.228 and 2.207 for females and 2.215, 2.205 and 2.231 for mixed, respectively.
The data collected was statistically analysed which indicated a non-significant difference in weight gain amongst the replicates of the same groups and a highly significant difference in the weight gain of different groups. A non significant difference was also observed between the average weight gains of sexed and combined broilers. A non significant difference of feed conversion ratio was observed among the replicates and groups.
Suggestion
As the separation of sexes has no significant effect on weight gain and feed efficiency hence to save the extra cost of sexing, the practice of rearing the broilers sexes separate cannot be recommended.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0020,T] (1).
25.
Effect Of Egg Weight On Chick Weight And On Subsequent Performance Of Japanese Quails
by Shaukat Ali | Muhammed Saleem Chaudry | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti | Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: The present project was planned to study the effect of egg weight on chick weight at day old and its subsequent performance in Japanese quails.
Three hundred and sixty quail eggs were purchased from a local breeding farm and divided into 3 equal groups i.e., A, B and C according to their weights i.e. , small (8.5-9.5 gm), medium (9.6-10.5 gm) and large (10.6-11.5 gm) respectively. The eggs were incubated and hatched.
Sixty chicks from each group were randomly divided into 3 replicates of 20 chicks each and were reared under the identical management and environmental conditions. A commercial quail's ration was provided ad libtium. Fresh and clean water was given all the times.
The experimental chicks were weighed individually at one day-old and on weekly basis upto the age of 6 weeks. Weekly feed consumption was also recorded for each group. At 6 weeks of age two birds from each replicate were picked up randomly and slaughtered to observe the dressing percentage of visceral organs and biochemical values of blood. The average weight gain observed per quail upto 6 weeks of age on the basis of egg weight in groups A, B and C was 119.70, 130.70 and 147.30 gms and the average feed consumption per quail was 472.83, 481.89 and 463.88 gms respectively. The feed efficiency values were 3.95, 3.68 and 3.14 respectively. The mortality percentage was 5.00, 3.33 and 0 percent.
The average dressing percentage was 60.64, 67.88 and 64.23 respectively. The average weight of liver was apparently more in quails hatched from group B as compared to quails hatched from group A and C. The quails hatched from group B exhibited apparently maximum weight of heart as compared to quails hatched from group A and C. However, the average weight of gizzard was maximum in quails hatched from group C as compared to quails hatched from group A and B.
Statistical analysis of the data revealed non-significant effect of egg weight on feed consumption, dressing percentage, giblet weight (liver, heart and gizzard), protein, lipids and cholesterol of serum, packed cell volume, total leucocytic count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hemoglobin and erythrocytes. However, the effect of egg size was highly significant at (P 0.1) in case of body weight gain, feed efficiency and blood sugar level of experimental quails. The monetary return per quail was Rs. 2.00.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0021,T] (1).
26.
The Effect Of Different Dietary Protein Levels And Stock Density On The Performance Of Japanese Quail
by Ishaq, M | Ehtisham Pervaiz | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti | Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0064,T] (1).
27.
Influence Of Intermittent Periods Of Light Of Feed Conversion Ratio And Rater Of Growth In Broiler.
by Shafqat Mahmood | Ehtisham Pervaiz | Asif Rabbani | Ch. Muhammed Saleem.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0123,T] (1).
28.
A Study On The Effects Of Intermittent Light On The Performance Of Japanese Quails (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica)
by Israr-ul-Haq, Chohan | Ehtisham Pervaiz | Javed Ahmed | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The study was aimed to find out the effect of different photo-periods on the body weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, dressing percentage and Bone; meat ratio of J. quails. Light plays a vital role in the management of quails. The adequate light for quails should be sufficient enough to enable the birds to move about, facilitating to see, eat and drink without any extra exercise. One of the main factors, which needs further exploration is to fix up the hours of light necessary for better growth and economical production.
The present study was thus under taken to determine the appropriate and economical light dark cycle for best performance of Japanese quails, under local climatic conditions. The photo-periods provided in this experiment were 24 hours continuous light, 1 hour continuous light followed by 1 hour continuous darkness alternately, 1 hour continuous light followed by 2 hours continuous darkness and 1 hour continuous light followed by 3 hours continuous darkness to groups Li, L2, L3 and L4 respectively. 192 one day old J. quails were reared upto 6 weeks of age. Groups were further sub-divided into 3 replicates (La, Lb. La) of 16 quails each. The quails of all groups reared in battery brooders, where quails were provided floor space at the rate of 25. SQ. inches per bird, throughout the experiment.
Automatic programme timers with 25 watt bulbs were used; where controlled light was required. Feeding, watering. environmental and managemental conditions were made identical for all the birds. The birds reared under one hour continuous light, followed by 2 hours darkness. Grained more body wiehgt than that of birds of other three groups There were highly significant difference (P<0.01) in body weights of various groups of quails from 3rd to 5th weeks of age.
On applying DMR test, it revealed that the highest body weight was in group L3 followed by Li, L2 and L4 groups respectively.
The results on feed consumption by various - groups were also found to be highly significant (P<0.01)
Maximum feed was consumed by the birds kept under L3 group, followed by Li, L2 and L4 groups respectively. The observations on weekly feed conversion ratio and mortality % were found to be non-significant.
The dressing percentage increased significantly with age. Li group showed better dressing percentage compared with those of other 3 groups. There were highly significant difference (P<0.01) in the dressing percentage among various groups. DMR test revealed that Li group had better dressing percentage, followed by L2, L3 and L4 groups respectively.
The values for bone; meat ratio were found to he highly significant (P<0.01). The best bone; meat ratio were of group Li followed by L2, L3 and L4 groups respectively.
However DMR test revealed that there were non- significant difference observed in bone, meat ratio of groups L3 and L4.
Thus, the fore said study claimed that better productive growth of Japanese quails were under one hour light followed by two hours continuous darkness. There were also comparatively better results of 24 hours continuous light as compared to be L2 and L4 groups in our study.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0227,T] (1).
29.
Incidence Of Gastro Intestinal Nematode Parasites Of Sheep Slaughtered In Municial Corporation Abattoir Lahore
by Muzarab Shah | Sheikh Altaf Hussain | Not Available.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1973Dissertation note: 1. 500 sheep guts ware examined during autumn, winter ad spring, The animals were brought from Lahore Silalkot, Jhelum, Rawalpindi, Sargodha, Lyallpur, Multan, Bahawalpur Peshawrr, Murree ad Kaghan districts, The parasites recorded ware Trichuris Ovis Haemonchus countortus, Oespharostomum venulosum, Oestphagostomum columbianum, Ostertagia circumcincta, Skrajabinems ovis, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus vitrius and Chabertia ovina .
2, The changes in worm burden of different parasites varied according to changes in the weather, the overall percentage infection showed a gradual decrease from October, 1969 to February, 1970 sad a rise in March and April, 1970,
3. Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostronglys vitrinus, and Chabertia ovina were recovered from only those sheep which were slaughtered 4uring spring and the number of parasites was low,
4, The average percentage infection of Trichostrongyulus axei and Trichostrongylus vitrinus was 0,2% a4 0,4% respectively.
5. 38.4% cases of Trichuris ovis were recorded,
6. No male of Skrjubinema ovis could be found in any of the samples that were examined.
7. Of the total guts examined, 375 (75%) were found to be infected with one or more species of parasites.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0271,T] (1).
30.
Performance Of Broilers, Under Different Systems Of Brooding And Rearing Associated With Transfer
by Aslam Athar, M | Ehtisham Pervaiz | Javaid Ahmed | Muhammed Nawaz Asghar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1986Dissertation note: They study was conducted on Hubbard :hicks at the Poultry Experiment Station, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore. The main objective of this study was to find ways and means of efficient broiler raising by using different managemental systems like floor rearing, cage rearing, transferring chicks from floor to cages and from cages to floor at different stages of rearing.
Six experimental treatments were investigated, involving 144 broiler chicks. Initially 72 chicks (treatment A) were reared in cages and 72 chicks (treatment B) on floor upto 14' days of age. On 15th day 24 birds were transferred from group A to floor (treatment C) and a similar number was shifted from group B to cages (treatment 0). on 29th day, 24 birds were again shifted to floor (treatment E) from group A. In the same way 24 birds were transferred to cages from group B(Treatment F).
The experiment continued upto 8 weeks of age. Responses measured were body weight, feed intake, FCR, Performance Index, Dressing Percentage, Breast Blisters, Mortality and Abnormalities.
The body weights at the end of 8th week were 1908,1976, 1869, 2043, 1896 and 2057g; The average feed intake was 4428, 4394, 4460, 4423, 4450 and 4521 g; the FOR was 2.318, 2.230, 2.387, 2.167, 2.350 and 2.199; The performance index was 82.312,88.810, 78.299, 94.4/4l,80.804 and 93.658; and dressing percentage was 68.89, 67.14, 67.78, 69.39, 67.75 and 68.33 for the treatment A, B, C, D, E and F respectively.
The results showed that the overall performance of caged broilers in treatments A, D, and F was comparatively better than the treatments of floor (B, C and E).
The birds that were transferred to cages (treatment D&F) gave feed conversion ratio which was significantly. (P>0.01) better than all the other groups. The caged birds gained more weight, consumed less feed, gave better FCR and produced more meat per sq. m. than the competitive groups on the floor. Among the birds reared on floor, the chicks of treatment B showed consistently better growth throughout the experiment. The figures for breast blisters and abnormalities were very similar in all treatments. The good performance of caged birds could be attributed to the better utilization of feed due to very limited movements of birds in cages.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0275,T] (1).
31.
A Study On The Normal Blood Picture Of Buffaloes In Lahore
by Ata ur Rehman Rizvi, Syed | Muhammed Irfan | Not Available.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1973Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0277,T] (1).
32.
Effect Of Intermittent Light On Physical Abnormalities & Performance In Broiler
by Shehzad Majeed | Ehtisham Pervaiz | Muhammed | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: Poultry industry has to play a considerable role in the livestock subsector in regard with the provision of meat in Pakistan. As the broiler industry is increasing day by day, the factors hindering the growth rate are also being taken into account by the farmers as well as the scientists. Besides different diseases, poor management is one of the main problems which jeopardizes the poultry production. Numerous studies conducted in various countries showed that among the other managemental problems the different light regimes to which the brioler are exposed during rearing had a significant effects on the weight gained, feed consumption and FCR. The birds exposed to the intermittent light system also showed better response in connection with physical abnormalities.
The present study was conducted to observed the effect of intermittent light regimes on the development of physical abnormalities and performance of the chicks viz, feed consumption, weight gain, FCR and dressing percentage as compared with continuous light system.
In this study, three groups of 60 chicks each were subjected to light treatment from the start of 3rd week to the end of 6th week in following way:
Group A : Continuous light (control) 24 hours
Group B : 1 hr. light : 2 hr darkness
Group C : 1 hr. light : 3 hr drakness
The feed consumption, weight gained and FCR of each group were calculated at the end of 6th week age group and analysed by one way analysis of variance techniques. Least significant difference test was applied to compare the treatment means of the groups.
Beside above dressing percentage, weight of giblets, physical abnormalities and mortality in each group was also recorded.
This study concluded that the performance of broiler chicks under intermittent system of light was significantly better as compared to continuous light system. The average weight gained during treatment period in group A, B and c were 1410, 1460, and 1510 gm respectively. Similarly the FCR of group A, B and C was 1.90, 1.80 and 1.74 respectively. It is evident from the results that overall performance of birds under group C viz. 1L:3D was significantly better than either continuous light or 1L:2D system. This better performance by the group given 1L:3D light treatment may be due to a longer resting period during which the birds mainly remained inactive. The energy thus saved was converted in to growth. As the difference in feed consumption of the groups provided 1L:2D and that provided 1L:3D was non significant therefore the FCR of group given lL:3D treatment was better. The average feed consumption by the chicks in group A, B and C are 2.371, 2.329 and 2.344 Kg respectively. The feed consumption by the chicks under intermittent light system was less than continuous light but not significant.
The dressing percentage and carcass quality of the birds subject to light treatment were also comparatively better than continuous light programme.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0308,T] (1).
33.
Effect Of Additional Fructose On The Longevity Of Buffalo & Sahiwal Bull Semen
by Rafique, M | Sultan Ali Khan.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1970Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0478,T] (1).
34.
Comparative Study On The Performance Of Male And Female Parent Meat Lines With Commercial Broilers Of Hubbard
by Javed Hassan Hashmi | Dr.Muhammed Saleem Chaudry | Prof. Dr. Muhammed Aslam Chaudry.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: The present study was planned to compare male and female progeny of the opposite male and female grand parent meat line breeders of Hubbard strains with commercial broiler chicks of the same strain.
The objective of the study was to ascertain the genetic potential for the growth of these three different lines and their use as a commercial broilers.
The following observations were recorded for the each strain:
1. Mean feed consumption.
2. Mean weekly body weight.
3. Mean feed efficiency.
4. Mean dressing percentage
5. Mortality (if any)
6. Economics of meat production.
All the three groups i.e. A, B and C were reared in the brooder batteries under optimal environmental conditions. Same rations (starter and finisher) were fed to all the groups.
The statistical analysis of data revealed that feed consumption and body weight were higher in group B having female chicks of the male (sire) line of Hubbard strain, and non significant differences were observed in feed efficiency and dressing percentage among the groups.
The economic evaluation of all the three groups for meat production showed that the birds of group B having female chicks of male grand parent line proved to be the most economical.
Recommendations: Male and female progeny of the opposite male and female grand parent lines can be used as commercial broilers.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0484,T] (1).
35.
Study On The Effect Of Different Methods Of Minimizing Heat Stress On The Performance Of Broilers
by Mansoor Ahmed Cheema | Dr. Muhammad Saleem Shaudhary | Prof. Dr. M. Aslam Bhatti | Prof. Dr. Nisar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: The present study was planned to compare desert cooler, water sprinkling and false ceiling and to investigate their effects on performance of broilers during heat stress. Two hundred and forty, one day-old broiler chicks were procured from local market. They were divided into four groups i.e. A, B, C and D. Each group was Further subdivided into three replicates. Each group was reared sepnrnJv in di ITorent, pens. Feed and wiLer were provided Rd 1ibitun. The duration of experimental period was 6 weeks. rFreatn1(it.Is viz desert cooler, water sprinkling, false ceiling and
control were allotted to groups B, C, D and A respectively. The treatments were used from 3rd week of age to onward in the respective groups. Data regarding temperature, humidity, weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion were recorded and daily average was calculated each week.
The data obtained showed that all the treatments (desert cooler, water sprinkling, and False ceiling) had a effect (P < 0.05) on temperature, with highest cooling efficiency in the birds kept in desert cooler, followed by water sprinkling treatment and false ceiling
Only desert cooler and water sprinkling treatments caused higher(P <0.05) relative humidity than either false ceiling treatment or control group. Although all the treatments showed a difference (P<0.05), group B (desert cooler) had the highest weight gain with maximum feed consumption i.e. 2047.78 g and 4740.74 g followed by group C (water sprinkling) 1857.36 g and 4261.26 g and D (false ceiling) 1443.97 g and 3248.37 g. The poorest weight gain and feed consumption was observed in control group i.e. 1154.35 g and 2487.28 g. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of control group was better (P < 0.05) than the experimental groups, while no significant difference was observed among the experimental groups. No significant difference was also observed in the dressing percentages of all the groups. There was no mortality in any group throughout the duration of this project. Economics studies suggested that water sprinkling treatment was most. economical, followed by desert cooler treatment, while false ceiling treatment was the most expensive treatment, which cost even more than the control group.
On the basis of results obtained it could be suggested that desert cooler was the best method for minimizing the heal stress Followed by water sprinkling and false ceiling.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0522,T] (1).
36.
Comparative Study On The Performance Of Ross-1 And Avian Male And Female Parent Meat Lines With Commercial Broiler
by Mahmood Akhtar | Dr. Muhammad Saleem Chaudhary | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aslam Bhatti.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: This experiment was designed to compare different male and female progeny of the opposite male and female grand parent meat line breeders of ROSS-I and AVIAN strains with commercial broiler chicks of the same strains.
The objective of the experiment was to ascertain the genetic potential for the growth of these different lines of strains and their use as a commercial broiler.
The following observations were recorded on; Average feed consumption, Average weekly body weight gain, Average feed efficiency, Average dressing percentage, Mortality (if any) and Economics of meat production.
A total of 180 one -day old chicks purchased from local market were divided into six groups i.e. A having male chicks of female grand parent meat line of Ross-I strain, B having female chicks of male grand parent meat line of Ross strain, C having commercial broiler chicks of Ross strain, D having male chicks of female grand parent meat line of Avian strain, E having female chicks of male grand parent line of Avian strain and F having commercial broiler chicks of Avian strain. Chicks were reared for a period of 42 days (6 weeks) under identical managemental conditions. Same rations (Starter and Finisher) were fed to all the groups.
The results indicated that there was difference (P<0.01) in feed consumption among various groups. Group E containing female chicks of the male grand parent line of Avian strain consumed highest feed (3997 gms) during 0-42 days. It was also noted that weight gain amongst all the groups from 0 to 42 days was different (P<0.01). Highest weight gain was recorded in group E having female chicks of the male grand parent meat line of Avian strain.
The FCR of groups A, B, C, D, E and F during starter and during finisher phase was difference (P<0.05). However, the efficiency of feed utilization was highest in group E. Dressing percentage of different groups was not different (P> 0.05).
The economic evaluation of all the six groups for meat production showed that the birds of group E having female chicks of male grand parent line of Avian strain proved to be the most economical whereas birds of groups B having females of male grand parent line of Ross strain proved 2nd during grading.
RECOMMENDATIONS
The overall picture of the trail reveals that male and female progeny of the opposite male and female grand parent lines can be used as commercial broilers.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0525,T] (1).
37.
Effect Of Egg Storage Time Under Specific Temperature And Humidity On Fertility And Hatchability Of Japanese Quail
by Atta Ullah Khan Lehri | Dr. Muhammad Saleem Chaudhary | Dr. Muhammad Aslam Bhatti | Dr. Nisar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: This project was planned to study the effect of storage time under specific temperature and humidity on fertility and hatchability of Japanese quail eggs.
A tota1 of' six hundred and thirty (630') eggs were purchased from a local breeding farm. Alter collection the eggs were cleaned and stored at specific temperature (18 °C) and humidity (75%). Eggs were equally divided into six groups i.e. A, B, C, D, E. and F having 105 eggs in each group and each group was further subdivided into three replicates having 35 eggs each. They were stored upto 4th, 7th, 10th, 13th, 16th and 19th day, prior to incubation. After incubation the effect of six different storage periods was studied on the various traits i.e. fertility percentage, hatchability percentage, clear eggs and dead in shell.
Statistical analysis of the data revealed that no differences were observed amongst the groups in case of fertility (P> 0.05) but in case of hatchability there were differences (P<O.O1) among the groups. The results also showed differences (P<O.O1) in dead in shell and no differences were observed in clear eggs.
The overall results, showed that as the storage time increased the Fertility and hatchability percentage decreased. This decrease was significant only in case of hatchability. However results were opposite in case of clear eggs and dead in shell percentage. It was seen that as the storage time increased the clear eggs and dead in shell percentage also increased.
The overall result, showed that as the storage time increased the hatchability percent decreased.
CONCLUSION
By having overall view of the present study it is concluded that for getting best results, quil eggs should not be stored for a longer time. However, for achieving best results the eggs may be set for incubation after every 3rd or 4th day.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0526,T] (1).
38.
Effect Of Water Restriction On The Conmsistency Of Droppings And On Subsequesnt Performance Of Broilers
by Afzal Sher, M | Dr. Muhammad Saleem Chaudhary | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aslam Bhatti.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: Spoilage of water and watery droppings are major factors responsible for the accumulation of excessive moisture in the poultry houses. This moisture will be deposited into the litter. Resultantly the litter becomes too wet, which in turn creates managemental problems and economic losses to the industry. Watery droppings are produced, when birds consume water beyond their metabolic requirements, because excretion of water with the faeces is almost directly proportional to the intake of water. The present study was designed to overcome this problem by restricting the water to the birds and to investigate its effects on the consistency of droppings, weight, gain, feed consumption, FCR, water intake, water: feed ratio, mortality and haematologi cal parameters.
The experiment was carried out at Poultry Experimental Station, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore for a period of 6 weeks i.e. from 30-10-1996 to 10-12-1996. One hundred and eighty, one day old "Hubbard" broiler chicks were randomly divided into 6 groups i.e. A, B, C, D, E and F, comprising 30 chicks in each. Each group was further sub-divided into 3 replicates. These groups were given water in such a way that group NA" was offered full water and the rest of the groups were given 95, 90, 85, 80 and 75% respectively of the requirement. All the groups were reared in battery brooders under optimum environmental and managemental conditions. Same rations (starter and finisher) were fed to them. The source of water was also the same throughout the trial. They were vaccinated according to the recommended standard schedule.
From second week, onwards, moisture contents of the faeces were estimated on weekly basis. It was examined that each increment of water deprivation resulted in drier faeces and lower Water: feed ratio than the control. Statistically differences (P<0.01) of weight gain, moisture contents of the excreta, FCR, water: feed ratio and blood values were recorded among the groups. The best performance was evaluated in group C and the poorest in group F. Waler stresses did not affect mortality, only 3 birds died during the whole study. Feed consumptions was found to be non-significant. Commercially these results will be helpful in controlling watery dropping, without lowering meat production, saving of water, labour and sewerage cost in poultry operations.
CONCLUSION
Excreta moisture can be minimized from 1.6 to 5.2% without affecting production and economics.
RECOMMENDATIONS
It is recornmenj, that water consumption can be reduced from 5% to 10% in a relatively cooler environment during starter and finisher phase. Reducting the water intake 15% or more had deleterious effect on the performance of broilers.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0530,T] (1).
39.
Effect Of Mating Ratio And Age On Fertility And Hatchability In Japanese Quails (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica)
by Col.Shabbir Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Saleem Chaudhary | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aslam Bhatti.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: The present project was planed to study the effect of mating ratio and age on fertility and hatchability in Japanese quails.
The production of fertile eggs was found to relate to the number of males present in a flock. Fertility and hatchability of eggs was directly influenced by sex ratio and age of birds. However, very little information in this regard is available.
One hundred and seventy four males and four hundred twenty six females quails of 4 weeks age were purchased from the local market. They were divided into five equal mating groups i.e. A, B, C, D and E comprising 120 quails in each group. Each group was further divided into 2 sub groups i.e. Al, A2, Bi, B2, Cl, C2, Dl, D2 and El, E2. The mating ratio of males and females in the respective groups was 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5. Birds were reared for a period of two weeks i.e. 5-6 weeks of age under similar environments on floor, then they were transferred to battery cages and were kept there upto the age of 16 weeks.
To assess the ideal parental age for optimal fertility and hatchability, hatching eggs from a single hatch breeding flock between 7 and 16 weeks of age were set twice in a week The mean hatching performance of the eggs set during 7 to 8, 9 to 10, 11 to 12, 13 to 14 and 15 to 16 weeks of age were recorded separately.
The unhatched eggs were opened on the day 18 and examined
macroscopically to identify the infertile eggs, embryonic mortality, fertility and hatchability of fertile eggs set were calculated.
Identical environmental and managemental conditions were provided to all the experimental birds. They were fed on commerca1 ration -libitum. Clean and fresh water was made available at all times. Light was provided 24 h during rearing time and 16 h during breeding period. Standard rearing, breeding and hatching management procedures were followed throughout the study period.
The following data was recorded:
Weight of birds at the start of experiment, Feed consumption, Average body weightlbirds on weekly basis, Feed conversion ratio, Mortality if any, Fertility percentage and Hatchability percentage.
The data collected was statistically analysed using 5 x 5
Factorial design.
The quail chicks at 4 weeks age weighed on an average 98 gm/bird and within a period of two weeks rearing gained on an average a body weight of 134.1 gm/bird. The weight gradually increased with age. The final body weight at the age week 16, under ratio 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5 was 130.5, 186.5, 188.0, 189.5, 191.5 and 193.5 gm respectively, the overall mean value being 189.8 gm/bird.
The difference in average weight/bird in various groups has been due to the difference in the number of females. The females weighed heavier than the males consequently the groups having smaller number of females were lighter in weight than the groups having higher number of females.
The percentage weekly increase in body weight was 37.6, 12.76 and 8.27% at age weeks 7, 8 and 9 respectively. Further increase in body weight from age week 10 to 16, ranged between 0.9 and 4.7. The rearing of Japanese quail beyond age weeks 8 or 9 for meat purposes will not be economical. The egg fertility was the highest at age weeks 13-14 (80.73%) followed by 15-16 (72.34%) 11-12 (7 1.12%), 9-10 (63.57%) and 7-8 weeks (56-20%), all being statistically different from one another. The mating ratio (1:1 to 1:5) showed statistically significant effect on egg fertility, which ranged between 58.16 to
8 1.12%, the maximum being at mating ratio of 1:2 and the minimum at 1:5.
The mating ratio and age have been found to have significant effect on egg hatchability, it was maximum at age weeks 13-14 (67.46%) and the minimum at age weeks 7-8 (41-23%). Similarly mating ratio 1:2 resulted in the maximum (66.08) and mating ratio 1:5 showed the minimum (48.73%) egg hatchability.
The results of present study have led to the conclusion that egg fertility and hatchability were highest at age week 13-14 and at mating ratio 1:2.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0537,T] (1).
40.
The Effect Of Different Space Densities And Addition Of Zinc Bacitracin On Growth Rate And Total Serum Protein Level
by Imran Wazir, M | Dr.Muhammad Saleem ch | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Aslam Bhatti.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0584,T] (1).
41.
A Survellance On Managemental Problems Of Layer Farms In And Around Lahore District
by Zia ur Rasool, M | Dr. M. Saleem Chaudhry | Dr. M. Aslam Bhatti | Dr. Saghir.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: A survey of randomly selected 50 layer farms was conducted in and around Lahore district. Data regarding farming structure, location and dimension of sheds/farms, feed and feeding, watering, labour management, lighting schedule, equipments, litter management, biosecurity and sanitation, vaccines and vaccination, health cover after disease outbreak, deworming, culling, environment control, egg production; storage and marketing, molting, availability of extension services, sale of old birds, record keeping and economics were collected through a questionnaire by interviewing individual farmers/supervisors.
The results showed that almost literate people were doing layer business. Most of farms comprised more than one shed but the capacity was not fully utilized. The farms were located at a reasonable distance both from Lahore and main road. Almost all sheds were constructed in right direction and dimensions. Mostly commercial feeds were in use and storage facility was present at most of farms with a proper storage period. Almost all farmers had water from hand pumps and dunkey pumps which had numerous problems like E. ç2jj, salts like sodium chloride and nitrates etc. Automatic drinkers were mostly in use and frequency of filling water tank was more in summer. Nominal wages were given to labour with no special reward and criteria of selecting labour was honesty, hardwork and experience. Lighting period at most of farms was according to company's schedule. Plastic and steel equipments were mostly used and brooding was done by coal and electric brooders alongwith karosine oil stoves. Rice husk and saw dust were litter materials commonly used, however, rice husk was found to be slightly more common. Practices of biosecurity and sanitation were not followed as required. Generally, vaccines had their origin from private companies and found to have reasonable results. Mortality rate was comparatively high due to unsatisfactory managemental practices. Cost of mdication was also higher due to repeated attacks of diseases. Deworming have found to be a routine practice and had good effect on production. Culling was not practiced properly due to lack of technical know how. Environment extremes both heat and cold were observed to be the major problems in layer production. Egg production at most of farms and practices of collection and marketing were found better. Molting was still not a common practice however most of those who did it, found molting beneficial and economical. Extension services were mainly provided by private sector. Record keeping was commonly practiced. It was concluded that there were lot of managemental problems at the farms which resulted into poor production as compared to the advanced world.
SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Latest information regarding management and production should be disseminated to the farmers through launching of short term training courses/programmes.
2. Field technical staff should be offered refresher courses in order to be in touch with new diagnostic techniques.
3. Horizontal transmission of diseases can be reduced by following strict biosecurity measures including regular disinfection of farms, equipments and litter. Foot baths should be made available by each farmer.
4. Provision of required temperature and humidity is prerequisite in attaining maximum egg production. Provision of constant environment can be made through the use of cooling and heating systems.
5. Good quality feed at reasonable prices is now the need of the hour. Government should give subsidies on import of required ingredients as well as legislation should be done to bound feed manufacturers to give quality feed.
6. Most of farmers are facing many problems due to low quality water. This can be reduced by guiding farmers for regular chlorination and disinfection.
7. Vaccines and medicines available in the market are both of low quality and expensive. This needs special check on importers and manufacturers.
8. Farmers should be encouraged to shift on cages instead of deep litter system in order to enhance labour efficiency and production.
9 . Cleaning of dirty eggs should be adopted by every farmer to limit the entrance of disease producing germs in the eggs to avoid health hazards to humans.
10. Medicine withdrawal time is a crucial topic which is absolutely ignored by our farmers, resulting antibiotics resistance in humans. Legislation should be made upon it.
11. Egg marketing should be based on grading. Larger eggs should have more prices than smaller ones so that farmers could get proper profit of their product.
12. Government should encourage the establishment of egg processing and storage plants in order to limit the difference of demand and supply of eggs throughout the year.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0597,T] (1).
42.
A Study On The Prevalence Of Disease And Other Problems Related To Managemental Practices During
by Akhtar, M | Dr.Muhammad Saleem Ch | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Aslam Bhatti.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: A study on the prevalence of diseases and other problems related to the managemental practices during brooding in broilers was carred out in Muzaffarabad and Mirpur districts of Azad Jammu and Kashmir during the months from May, 1999 to September, 1999. The data was collected through a questionnaire (Appendix-i) from 60 farmers i.e. 30 from each district selected randomly. Various parameters regarding the farming structure in the project area, location and dimensions of farms/sheds, brooding management, feed and feeding, watering, lighting schedule, equipment, litter managemental practices, biosecurity and sanitation, vaccines and vaccination, disease problems during brooding, health cover, mortality, relative humidity, ventilation control, purchase of day old chicks, extension services availability, labour management and farmer's suggestions for broiler farming improvement, were studied.
Mostly the farmers (55%) were having an educational level upto Matric and a few farmers were above Matric. Construction of sheds differed in Muzaffarabad and Mirpur districts due to different climatic conditions and availability of materials. Most of the farmers(61.7%) had no separate brooder houses and those who had brooder houses did not give attention to ventilation system. There was lack of knowledge about advanced brooding managemental practices among the farmers. Improper feeding and watering space was given to chicks during brooding. Disease outbreaks were observed even after vaccination due to poor vaccination practices. Lack of sanitation and biosecurity resulted in outbreaks of many diseases such as omphalitis, ]. ij, Gumboro, coryza, Newcastle Disease etc. at many farms during brooding period. The farmers mostly depended upon labour and did not manage their farms, which resulted into losses. Most of the farmers blamed market fluctuation, while some blamed the low quality of feed, chicks and vaccines which resulted in decline in poultry farming.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0611,T] (1).
43.
A Study On The Surveillance Of Management Related Problems In Broiler Farms Of Lahore District
by Irfan Shahzad Sheikh | Dr.Muhammas Saleem Ch | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Aslam Bhatti.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: A survey was conducted to collect the data from 150 randomly selected broiler farms, through a questionnaire to evaluate the surveiling management related problems and present status of broiler farms of Lahore district. It was observed that of the total 150 respondents 4.6% were found to be illiterate whereas majority of the farmers i.e. 58.7% were of below matric education level. 46.7% farmers took broiler farming as part time business. 57.33% farmers had no agriculture land and 42.67% had their own land.
Most of the farmers (52.%) kept single shed only and maximum number of farms (46.7%) were raising 2001-5000 birds with their current strength of 50%. Of the total farms, 60 (40%) farms were rented and 90 (60%) farmers had their own farms.
It was noticed that 63.34% farms were located within the range of 25-40 kms of Lahore city and 94.67% farms had a main road facility within 5 km of range. At 14.66% farms boundry walls were present. It was also observed that there was no trend of homernix and automatic feeding in broiler farming. It was found that 87.3% farmers purchased feed on credit, 70.67% farmers practiced ad-libitum feeding programme and 61.3% farmers stored feed inside the sheds.
It was seen that at 8.57% farms proper water storage facility was not available. E. coli was observed at 42.0% farms and 9.3% farmers were using manual waterers. It was also revealed from the data that out of 150 farms 16.0% were using tubelights, 68.7% used bulbs whereas 15.3% were using lanterns, gas lamps etc. due to nonavailability at their farms. It was seen majority of farmers (89.3%) used wood and/or coal brooder during brooding.
It was observed that 48.8% farmers used rice husk, 30% saw dust, whereas 28.7% were of in favour of using sand in summer season, but there was no use of sand in winter season. Most of the farmers (82.7%) were aware of racking and change of litter material and 62.7% farmers used litter material from 1-2".
At all farms there was a strong labourer interaction, no labour disinfection was practiced. There was no restriction to farm visitors and at 8% farms other livestock was also present. At all farms vaccination was done by feed company vaccinators and role of private manifactured vaccines was observed to be 86.67%. It was noted that 49.3% farmers received 98-99% A grade chicks, whereas 92.67% farmers took help of middlemen in marketing of their birds.
Gumboro ranked first in prevalence of disease with a percentage of 52% and most of the farmers (64.1%) had mortality percentage ranging from 6-15%. It was find out that 83.33% farm labourers had charges in a range of 2001-2500 rupees and 82.6% labourers were raising from 1600-2500 birds. It was also found that 75.33% farmers had feeding cost from 65-70%. It was also evident that 86% farmers had vaccine and medication cost upto 5 rupees per bird. It was noted that almost at all the farms technical services were provided by the Technical staff of Feed Mills, Hatcheries and Pharmaceutical companies.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0612,T] (1).
44.
Studies On The Effect Of N.Fac-1000 As Stress Reducer Under High Population Density In Broilers
by Riaz, M | Dr . Muhammad Saleem Chaudhry | Dr . Muhammad Aslam Bhatti | Dr . Saghir.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: The effect of N.Fac-1000 was studied on weight gain, feed consumed, feed conversion, dressing percentage and bone meat ratio on broiler with regards to stocking density under the prevailing Pakistani climatic condition.
Three hundred and sixty one day old broiler chicks were obtained from a commercial hatchery and were fed on commercial broiler starter ration upto 28 days, and finisher upto 42 days - libitum. The chicks were divided into 6 groups as A, B and C supplemented with N.Fac-1000 (treatment groups) and D, E and F without supplementation (control group) and reared at 1.0 Sq.ft, 0.75 Sq.ft and 0.50 Sq.ft respectively.
During the course of study, the birds were weighed weekly and their weekly feed consumption was also recorded. The FCR was also calculated. At the end of experiment 3 birds from each replicate were slaughtered and dressed to determine the dressing percentage and bone meat ratio. The economics of the project was also calculated.
The results indicated that the weight gain in groups fed on ration containing N.Fac-1000 were significantly better as compared to those fed on ration without N.Fac-1000 supplementation. Similarly difference space densities also showed effect on the effect the weight gain of the birds. It was also observed that a maximum gain in body weight was observed at 6th week in the chicks fed on ration supplemented with N.Fac-1000.
The feed consumption in groups fed on ration supplemented with N.Fac-1000 showed significantly better results as compared to those fed on ration without N.Fac-1000 supplementation. There was also a significant difference among different groups of birds regarding feed consumption provided 1.00, 0.75 and 0.50 Sq.ft of space. It was also observed that feed consumption increase with the increase of age of birds.
The FCR in groups fed on ration supplemented with N.Fac1000 showed better results as compared to those fed on ration without N.Fac-1000 supplementation. There was also significant difference among different groups of birds regarding FCR. Significant difference in F.C.R. was also observed regarding increase of age from 0-6 weeks.
A significant difference could not be observed amongst the bird so far as dressing percentage and bone meat ratio on concerned.
While calculating the economics it was observed that the groups supplemented with N.Fac-1000 showed better performance compared with the control group.
It was concluded from this study that stress due to reduced floor spacing can be minimized with the addition of a stress reduce i.e. N.Fac-1000 in the ration of the birds.
The overall picture of the results as depicted from the mean and ANOVA tables indicated that the birds fed on ration supplemented with N.Fac-1000 showed significantly better performance. They gained significantly better weight, consumed less feed, had better FCR, dressing percentage find bone meat ratio than the control group. The order ofmerit was also as A, B and C.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0699,T] (1).
45.
Effect Of Egg Weight On Hatchability In Commercial Strains Of Poultry (Broilers)
by Javed Ghani, M | Mr. Mohammad Tahir | Dr. Mohmmad | Mr. Tassawar Hussain Shah.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1983Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0754,T] (1).
46.
Effect Of Different Egg Storage Periods Temperature And Humidity On Fertility And Hatchability Of Broiler Breeder
by Azher Javed, Malik | Mr. Athar Mehmood | Dr. Muhammad Aslam Bhatti | Dr. Talat.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2001Dissertation note: This project was made to study the effect of different egg storage periods, temperatures and humidity on fertility and humidity of broiler breeder eggs.
A total of 200 eggs were obtained from (lie flock of 32 weeks of age oil a single day collection basis. After collection eggs were cleaned, fumigated and stored on different temperatures (4°C, I 6°C ambient and room temperature) and groups A, B, C, D and E and relative humidity of 80%. Eggs were equally divided into five groups. Each group was further subdivided into 4 replicates having 10 eggs each Group A (consists of 40 eggs 10 from each temperature) was set in incubator after the storage of one day as a control group for comparing with the other four groups. The rest of the four groups were set after the storage of 3, 6, 9 and I 2 (lays. Alter incubation, the effect of five different storage periods on four different temperatures was studied for the following various traits, i.e. fertility percentage, hatchability percentage, clear eggs percentage, dead in shell % and chick weight. The results showed that as the storage period increases on different temperatures 4oC, 16oC ambient and room temperatures it effect the hatchability (P<0.01%). Hatchability decreases after the storage of 6 days. Fertility and clear eggs were not effected by increase of storage length. In case of dead in shell it was observed that as the storage time increases the dead in shell increase significantly (P<0.01%). The results of chick weight Storage of eggs is very important from hatchery as well as farmer economic point of view. By storing eggs under better environment, both the producer and consumer achieve the healthy and quality chicks.
Thus the objective of this study was to demonstrate the effect of different eggs storage time under different temperatures and humidity on fertility and hatchability of boiler breeder eggs.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0815,T] (1).
47.
Comparative Efficiacy Of Different Supplemental Nutrients Used To Combat Heat Stress In Broilers
by Mussarat Hussain Joiya | Dr. Farina Malik Khattak | Dr. Athar Mahmud | Dr. Makhdoom.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2006Dissertation note: NaHCO3. Serum sodium was higher (P<O.05) in control group compared to all other treatments. Whereas, no differences in serum K and Cl concentrations
were observed. TLC values were higher (P<O.05) in birds fed on diets
containing feed supplements compared to control group. Mortality in control
group A was highest (33%) as compared to group B, C, D and E which was
3.3, 16, 23 and 6.6% respectively. Rectal temperatures of all treated groups were similar (3 7°C) to those of control birds. This study clearly indicated that when ambient temperature rises above 40°C birds require feed supplement to combat heat stress.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0939,T] (1).
48.
Comparative Productive Performance Of Japanese Quail Form Different Local And Imported Stock
by Zia-ur-Rehman | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Akram | Dr.Khalid Javed | Mr. Athar Mahmud.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2006Dissertation note: A total of 30 experimental breeding pairs, comprising each of 30 female and male quails were taken at the age of 6 weeks. Every pair was placed in individual breeding compartments in French made 5 tiers multidec having a dimension of (30x20x15 cm) battery cage. These 30 pairs were taken from five different stocks i.e., Sadat, Kaleem, Aabid, Zahid quail farms (local) and Major Saeed (imported hybrid stock from Washington State, USA.). The results of the present study regarding productive performance showed that, the mean male body weight differed significantly among different inbred and imported stocks. The male body weight (182±6.059) of imported stock was significantly (p ?0.01) higher than those of the other local inbred stocks. The mean female body weight showed significant differences among different inbred stocks. The female body weight (199.03±7.49) of imported stock was significantly (p ?0.01) higher than those of the other local inbred stocks. However results on egg production %, egg mass, feed intake of male and female birds, FCR (gm)/dozen egg and FCR gm/gm egg mass, were found to differ non-significantly among different local inbred and imported hybrid stocks.
Among egg quality characteristics, the results on mean shell thickness showed significant difference among different inbred and imported hybrid stocks. The shell thickness (0.195±0.004) of group L1 was significantly (p ?0.05) thicker than those of the others. However, the results on egg weight, Haugh unit and yolk index showed non-significant difference in local inbred and imported hybrid stocks.
The results on hatching traits showed non-significant difference among different groups regarding hatchability, fertility, dead germ and dead in shell percent.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0949,T] (1).
49.
Effect Of Storage, Pre-Heating & Turning During Holding Period On The Hatchability Of The Eggs Of Broiler
by Muhammad Jamshed | Dr. Athar Mahmud | Dr. Kamran | Dr. Nisar Ahmed Mian.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2004Dissertation note: This project was planned to study the effect of storage, pre heating & turning during holding period on the hatchability of the eggs of broiler breeder of 32 weeks. For this purpose 240 feritle eggs (52-5 gm weight) of 32 weeks old breeding flock were purchased form a reputable hatchery. After collection the eggs were cleaned and stored at specific temperature (16 C) and humidity (75%). Eggs were equally divided into four groups i.e. A, B,C, and D having 60 eggs each. The eggs of group A were neither turned nor preheated before setting in the incubator. The eggs of group B were preheated for 6-7 hours until the temperature reached 85 F before setting in incubator but were not turned. The eggs of group C were not pre heated but were turned for 6-8 times in each day during storage period before setting in the incubator. The eggs of group D were pre heated before setting in incubator and turned simultaneously during holding period (storage period). After these specific treatments the eggs were placed in the incubator for 21 days. After the incubation the hatchability percentage of all the groups were noted and the chicks were brooded for 8 days. At the end of second week of age the FCR, weight gains total feed consumed and common causes of mortality were calculated. The data was subjected to statistical analyses (2 x 2 Factorial, Steel and Torrie 1980). Statistical analyses of the data revealed that no differences were obsedved amongst the groups in case of pre heating but in case of turning there was a significant diference (P<0.05) among those groups for hatchability percentages. Although the hatchability percentage for the group D was highest than those of groups A, B, and C. The groups were significantly different in case of weight gain in first week of age. The group D showed significant difference (P<0.05) from the group A. In case of FCR in first and second week of age there was no significant difference (P<0.05) among the all groups i.e. A,B,C and D. The weight gain in second week of age did not significantly showed a difference (P<0.05) among the groups A,B,C and D. The early mortality percentage was highert in group A and lowest in group D. This shows that the turning has a major effect to reduce the sticky chick number. The over all results showed that as we give the turning to the fertile eggs the day old chick weight, weight gain in first week of age and number of sticky chicks were reduced and healing did not contribute to the day old chick weight, weight gain and FCR but reduced the early mortality losses.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0952,T] (1).
50.
Effect Of Group Size On Growth Performncl Of Nili Ravi Buffalo Calves During Winter Months
by Rafiuddin | Prof. Dr. Nisar Ahmad | Dr. Falak Sher Khan | Prof. Dr.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2007Dissertation note: The study was performed to investigate the effect of group size on growth performance of Nih Ravi buffalo calves during winter months. For this purpose, 39 weaned calves were reared in different group sizes. Group A having single calf, group B having four number of calves, and group C having eight number of calves, with three replicates in each group .Space was provided 16 square feet per calf, while manger length 18 inch per animal for a period of 12 weeks (24 November2006 to 15 February2007). During this period it was observed that ambient temperature ranged from 14°C to 17°C and relative humidity (RH) 59 to 64 %. Green fodder was offered adlibitum and concentrate
@ 1% of body weight. During the experimental period, the following parameters were recorded i.e., daily feed intake, weekly weight gain, weekly feed efficiency, daily water consumption ,rumination, fortnightly body measurement, rectal temperature twice daily, respiration at morning, incidence of diarrhea and respiratory illness. The data indicated that calves in group C showed significantly (P<0.05) more weight gain, increased feed intake increased body measurement and the higher percentage of respiratory illness when compared with all other groups .Where as no difference in water consumption, daily rectal temperature, respiration, feed efficiency, rumination and diarrhea between the groups A, B and C was observed. This study clearly indicated that the overall performance of group C, having eight numbers of calves is better than that of others A, having single calf and B, having four numbers of calves. The calves assessed in term of increased time spend in eating of fodder / concentrates with increased dry matter consumption, full social interaction and greater access to space in group housing reflects better welfare as compared to that in individual housing and calves kept in groups of more than four calves preferable from health and growth perspective.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0971,T] (1).
