000			03302nam a2200193Ia 4500
005			20150921132122.0
008			150525s2001 xx 000 0 und d
041			_aeng
082			_a0743,T
100			_aImran Altaf _96915
110			_cProf.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf _94840
245			_aEfficacy Of Various Chemical Agents Against Avian Influenza Virus (Type H9)
260			_c2001
502			_aIn the present project, 300 eggs were taken from Big Birds. They were cleaned and incubated for 9 days. After 9 days they were candled to separate the live and dead embryo. On the 11th day, the embryos were inoculated with the different concentrations of drugs which were to be tested. The detail of these drugs are given below: Chlorine was taken in the concentration of 1, 2 and 5 ppm. They were divided into control and experimental groups containing drug + Normal saline and drug. + virus. The results showed that 2 ppm and 5 ppm chlorine was most effective as disinfectant, while 1 ppm was not effective. Iodine was also tested in the concentration of 0.1, 0.5 and 1 per cent for control and experimental groups in the same fashion as in chlorine. The results showed that 1% and 0.5% solutions are highly antiviral but are toxic for living cells, while 0.1% iodine is virucidal against virus and can be used for the living cells as it was not toxic for embryo. In case of amantadine 50 jig/mi, 500 jig/mi and 1000 jig/mi were used along with virus and Normal saline for experimental and control groups, respectively. Results show that 1000 i.g/ml concentration was toxic for cell and hence can not be used in vivo, while 50 jig/ml failed to stop the replication of virus. 500 jig/ml concentration not only stopped the viral replication but also did not kill the embryo. So 500 jig/mi of amantadine can be used in poultry, if desired. Acyclovir is another pharmaceutical product, used in the concentration of 50 jig/mi, 200 jig/mi and 400 jig/mi in the fashion as described above. Results showed that acyclovir was effective within the range of 200 jig/ml to 400 jig/mi without any fear of damage to cell, but 50 jig/mi concentration failed to stop the viral replication and also showed high HA titer. In herbal group, Soyabean was tested in the concentration of 1 g/l00ml, 5g/l00ml and 10 g/l00ml. When the results were collected it was noticed that neither concentration of soyabean has any antiviral effect against influenza. Opuntia plant group which comprises of three species named: 0-Stricta, O-Dellinii and 0-Manocantha was testified for their antiviral efficacy. The concentrations used were 1 gm, 5 gms and 10 gms dissolved in 100 ml of Normal saline. Their extracts were obtained and injected in the embryo alongwith virus and Normal saline for experimental and control groups after giving them an interaction time of one hour. In the results, 10 g/l00ml and 5 g/l00ml show a good anti-viral efficacy against influenza, while 1 g/l00ml failed to show any significant effect and gave high HA titer. So in Pakistan these herbal drugs should be further investigated so that these can be used against influenza.
650			_aDepartment of Pharmaoclogy & Toxicology _95037
700			_aDr. Khushi _95673
700			_aDr. Muhamad ovais Omer _96916
942			_cTH
999			_c2480 _d2480