Annually more than 150 million people globally face the problem of Urinary tract infection (UTI) and treatment cost goes up to 6 billion dollars. UTI is more common in women as compared to men. The infection is caused by the invasion of pathogens in the urinary tract and produces the inflammatory response of urothelium. In Pakistan, urinary tract infections are increasing with antibiotics resistant among the uropathogens day by day. Duration of treatment is also getting increased which subsequently increased the medication cost. This situation is possibly due to emergence of antibiotic resistant uropathogenic bacteria. Like humans, in dogs same situation is prevailing. The study therefore was designed for isolation identification and antibiotic resistance assessment of UTI causing bacteria.
Bacterial pathogens causing UTI in dogs and human are becoming more resistant to antibiotic use .To evaluate the diversity and antibiotic resistance of uropathogenic bacteria, a total of 80 urine samples were collected in sterile containers. A total of 15 urine samples were taken from each gender of human and dogs with UTIs and 5 from each gender of healthy human and dogs. Samples were cultured for isolation and confirmed by biochemical tests and their antibiotic resistance pattern was checked by Kirby baur disk diffusion test.
Samples that were taken from UTI males, E.coli, Proteus Spp., klebsiella Spp. and Staph aureus were isolated from 93%, 6.67%,20% and 53% of processed samples whereas from UTI females E.coli, Proteus Spp.,Klebsiella spp. and Staph aureus was isolated 100%,13%,33%and 40% of samples respectively.
Similarly 60 % Staph aureus was isolated from healthy males and females urine samples.
Summary
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While Samples that were taken from UTI dogs E.coli, Proteus Spp.,klebsiella Spp. and Staph aureus was isolated from 66.7%, 6.67%,33% and 26.6% of processed samples whereas Samples that were taken from bitches, E.coli, Proteus Spp., klebsiella Spp. and Staph aureus was isolated from 73%,13%,26.6% and 26.6% of samples respectively.
In case of healthy dogs and bitches urine smalpes 60% and 80% of Staph aureus was isolated
Antibiotic resistance pattern of isolates E.coli, Proteus Spp., klebsiella Spp. and Staph aureus from human (male and female) samples showed resistance to ceftriaxone, Levofloxecine, and mild type of resistance to Ofloxacin while sensitive to ciprofloxacin and sulfamethazole.
The antibiotic resistance pattern of isolates E.coli, Proteus Spp., klebsiella Spp. and Staph aureus from dogs and bitches samples showed high resistance to Lincomycin and kanamycin, and lower resistance to norfloxacin and doxycyclin while sensitive to ciprofloxacin, amoxiclin.
Conclusion
It is concluded that UT infection mainly caused by Gram negative (Enterobacteracea) .Among the (Enterobacteracea) member only E.coli was most abundantly isolated from human and dogs UTI samples most effective antimicrobial agents were urixin, sulfamethazole and ciprofleoxacin against isolates of human origin. For dogs ciprofloxacin amoxiclin are best against gram negative and positive bacterial isolate.