1.
In Vitro Antibacterial Effect Of Opuntia Dillenii And Zingiber Officinale Extracts
by Muhammad Ihtisham Umar | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr.Aftab Ahmad Anjum | Dr.Sheryar Afzal.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: This study was designed to test the antibacterial activity of Opuntia dillenii (Chhittarthohar) and Zingiber officinale (Ginger) extracts in four different solvents i.e. petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coil and Salmonella lyphi. Plant material was cut into small pieces and dried in desiccators. Each plant material was weighed and 20.0 grams of it was taken in four different bottles and the bottles were labeled as petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract, methanol extract and water extract. 500.0 ml of each solvent was added in the respective bottle. Plant material was macerated for three days. The extracts were filtered by whatmann's filter papers, dried in vacuum desiccators and the powder mass obtained was weighed and then reconstituted in respective solvent to get the final extract of known concentrations.
Each of the bacteria was inoculated separately in the nutrient agar medium in a concentration of 106 CFU/ml and the media was poured in petri dishes and was allowed to solidify. Five wells of 1 .0 centimeter diameter were cut in each petri dish by the help of a cork borer. 200pA of plant extract (containing 2000 jig) was poured in one well and 400 jil of extract (containing 4000 jig) was poured in second well. Gentamicin (400 jig per well) and penicillin-G (640 jig per well) were used as positive controls and respective solvent was used as negative control for each extract. The plates were remained open for 20 minutes in laminar flow hood, allowing organic solvents to evaporate and then the plates were closed and incubated at 37 degree Celsius for 24 hours and the diameter of inhibitory zone was calculated in millimeters. Each experiment was performed in five replicates. Both plant extracts showed considerable activity against gram positive bacteria. However, only ginger extract showed activity against Escherichia coli. Plant extracts showed no activity against Salmonella typhi. Petroleum ether and chloroform extract of ginger showed more activity against gram positive bacteria and methanol and water extract of ginger showed more activity against gram negative bacteria.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0993,T] (1).
2.
Comparative Neutralizing Effect Of Mycotoxin Binders And Its Role In Improving Humoral Immune Responses
by Hazrat Nabi | Prof.Dr.Irshad Hussain | Dr.Aftab Ahmad Anjum | Prof | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: µPoultry industry in Pakistan provides inexpensive meat for almost everybody, rich or poor. Poultry farming which once was a blooming business now faces many challenges. Although, infectious agents constitute a major challenge for this industry, mycotoxins are also considered a threat for poultry business worldwide. Mycotoxins, especially aflatoxins are very common in the feed stuff used in the assembly of poultry feeds. The ill-effects associated with aflatoxins are well documented. There are toxin binders marketed by various companies who trumpet various beneficial effects of using these products in poultry. The present project was undertaken to corroborate their claims and also to see whether the use of such products may not result in ill effects that might impact negatively on various production parameters of poultry.
Two commercial products (Mycotox® and Mycofix® Plus 3.0) were used to study their contribution on the immune response against ND, feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and "lymphoid organ body weight ratio" in broiler chickens. Asp ergillus parasiticus was used for the production of the aflatoxin which was fed to various groups of birds.One hindered and eighteen day-old broiler were randomly divided into 6 groups viz. A, B, C, D,E and F each comprising 18 chicks. The chicks in each group were further randomly sub-divided into 3 replicates comprising of 6 chicks in each. Group A= Only Feed (Negative Control for AF),Group B= AF @150 µg/Kg of feed. (Positive Control for AF), Group C Mycotox® @ 1 gum/Kg 'feed (Positive Control for Mycotox®), Group D= Mycofix® Plus 3.0 @ 2.5gm/Kg of feed. (+ Control for Mycofix® Plus 3. Q), Group E= AF 1 50 µg/Kg and Mycotox® @ 1 gm/Kg of feed (Experimental Group for Mycotox®), Group F AF @ 150 µg/Kg and Mycofix® Plus 3.0 @2.5gm/kg of Feed (Experimental Group for Mycofix® Plus 3.0).
The rice powdered material containing AF was mixed according to the calculation to get desirable level of AF (150 µg/kg) in the feed. The birds were vaccinated against Newcastle Disease at the age of 6th days (Intra-ocular route) and then at 24th day (drinking water) and were d libitum. Effects of adding mycotoxin binders to feed containing 1 50ppb aflatoxin were in broiler chicks from 14 to 42 day of age. Compared to the B (positive control for aflatoxin) fed aflatoxin alone significantly reduced geometric mean titres, feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. However, no differences in GMT, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were found between the chicks fed mycotoxin binders C (positive control for Mycotox®) and D (positive control for Mycofix® Plus 3.0) or mycotoxin binders plus aflatoxin treatment groups E (Experimental Group for Mycotox®), F (Experimental Group for !vlycofix® Plus 3.0) and the control group A (Negative control for Aflatoxin), indicating apparent protection against the deleterious effects caused by aflatoxins. Treatment related changes in organ body weight ratio of thymus, spleen and Bursa of fabricius were also observed. Most of the parameters measured for the birds fed mycotoxin binders did not alter. The addition of mycotoxin binders to aflatoxins contaminated feed diminished the adverse effects of aflatoxins on antibody titres against Newcastle and most relative organ weights. These findings suggested that mycotoxin binders can effectively reduce the toxicity of aflatoxin in broiler chicks and mycotoxin binders can be potential ameliorator against aflatoxicosis in broiler chicks.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1020,T] (1).
3.
Charecterization Of Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus (Local Strain) From Small Ruminants
by Sher Bahadar Khan | Dr.Aftab Ahmad Anjum | Dr.Azhar | Dr.Irshad Hussain | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: The objectives of the study were to isolate PPR virus (Local strain) using Vero cell line, Identification of PPRV through Cytopathic effects (CPE) produced by PPRV on Vero cell line. To detect haemeagglutinability of PPR virus with RBCs of poultry, duck, goat, pigeon, sheep, horse and human through Haemeagglutination test. And confirmation of PPR virus through Hemeagglutination inhibition test and Immunocapture Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Ic ELIZA). For this purpose 120 tissue samples (40 Necrotic debris in buccal mucosa, 30 each nasal and ocular discharges and 20 lymph nodes) were collected from clinical positive cases. These samples were moistened with 2-3 drops sterile PBS and were brought immediately to the laboratory in sterilized universal container under refrigeration temperature. The tissue samples were processed for virus isolation. After sterilization of the glassware, Dehydrated modified Essential Medium (DMEM) was prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions for cultivation of Vero cells. Stock solution of phenol red, Carbonate/bicarbonate buffer, Stock antibiotic solution, Trypsin, Versene solution and Trypsin-versene (TV) solution were prepared. The inoculums of Pestes des Petitis ruminants virus was filtered through 0.2um pore sized syringe filter (Millipore,USA) and transferred to a pre-sterilized McCartney bottle.When a complete monolayer of the Vero cell line was formed and almost 80 % confluency was obtained, the exhausted medium from the carrel flask was discarded and new filtered and sterile maintenance medium (25 ml) was added per flask. The virus inoculum was inoculated on Vero cell line and examined daily for CPE. The haemeagglutinability of the virus was checked with RBCs of chicken, duck, pigeon, sheep, goat, horse and human blood group 0. The The haemeagglutinability of the virus was also checked under different conditions i.e. influence of diluents, influence of temperature and influence of incubation. Finally Haemeagglutination inhibition test and ic ELISA was performed.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1039,T] (1).
4.
Comparative Efficicy Of Peste Des Petits Ruminant (Ppr) Vaccine S Available In Pakistan In Sheep And Goats
by Muhammad Intizar | Prof.Dr.Manur-Din-Ahmad | Dr.Aftab Ahmad Anjum | Prof.Dr.Azhar | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: The present study was designed to evaluate the physical factors affecting the PPR 'vaccine and also to compare the efficacy of the locally available PPR vaccines in Pakistan in sheep and goats.
The current study was conducted on 120 different small ruminants ((60 sheep and goats). The humoral immune response was monitored by measuring the antibodies titre through Hl and AGID test. HI and AGID test are reliable and effective methods of diagnosing viral diseases and to evaluate the humoral immune response.
It was concluded that the vaccine should he stored either at -20°C or at 4 C.The vaccine stored at 27 C had a drop in HA titre and no HA activity was found at 40 C
To evaluate the HA activity of PPR virus it is better to use chicken or human group'O' R.B.Cs in a concentration of 1%. The diluent should have the pH 6.8- 7.0.
By evaluating the vaccine efficacy in sheep it was found that after 14th day of vaccination there was a gradual increase in the antibodies titer till the 56th day of vaccination. The locally manufactured vaccine was having a geometric mean titre (GMT)207.9 while the (GMT) of Pestivec was 73.3. 63d day post vaccination. In goats the locally manufactured vaccine was having a geometric mean titer (GMT) 147. while the (GMT) of Pestivec was 48.5.63rd day post vaccination. No antibodies production was there in any control group.
It was concluded form the study that locally produced vaccine is equally good and could be used confidently. It will save also helpful in saving the foreign reserves oh the country.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1051,T] (1).
5.
Isolation And Identification Of Staphylocococcus Aureus And Salmonella From Snack Food
by M.Rizwan Saifullah | Prof.Dr.Mansur-ud-Din Ahmad | Dr.Aftab Ahmad Anjum | Prof.Dr.Muham | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2009Dissertation note: The present study was planned to investigate microbial load in ready to eat foods (snacks) available at various places in and around Lahore. A total of 60 snacks containing 14 sandwiches, 20 pizza and 26 burgers were procured from various retail outlets. The samples collected were carefully packed in a clean sampling bag and processed in the microbiology laboratory at UVAS following standards protocols.Each sample was processed for APC, Coliform count, Staphylococcus aureus count and the presence of Salmonella. The results were, compared with the guidelines published by PHLS (Gilbert et al., 2000) for comparison with the food standards in developed countries like UK.
In the present study results showed that for aerobic plate counts of 21.4% snacks were of satisfactory quality, 22.5% snacks were of acceptable quality and 58.4% were of unsatisfactory quality. For coliform counts revealed that 72.3% snack food sample were of satisfactory quality while 23.6% samples were of acceptable quality and 4% snacks were of unsatisfactory quality. In the same way Staphylococcus aureus counts for the snack food samples, showed that 22.3% samples were of acceptable quality, 13% samples were of acceptable quality and 64.6% snack food samples were of unsatisfactory quality. However Salmonella could not be detected in any of the sample tested.
In the present study on the basis of aerobic plate counts the unsatisfactory snacks were 64.3% sandwiches, 46% burgers and 65% pizzI. While the coliform counts revealed that 7.1% sandwiches and 5% pizza of unsatisfactory quality.
The results of microbial assessment for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in snack food indicated that 85.8% sandwiches samples were of unsatisfactory quality, 38% burger samples were of unsatisfactory quality and 70% pizza samples had unsatisfactory microbiological quality. However, no Salmonella spp could be isolated from 60 snack food samples.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1067,T] (1).
6.
Clinical And Genetic Study Of Myopia In Myopic Families From Lahore.
by Nabeeha Moeen | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Dr. Ali raza awan | Dr.Aftab ahmad.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Myopia is described as the common cause of impaired vision and visual disability. In this disease the image is not focused sharply on the retina causing a blur vision to be formed and this condition of eye is referred as myopia. It is highly prevalent eye disease with its prevalence estimated to be I trillion throughout the world and approximately four billion in Pakistan. It is multi factorial disease with 19 loci identified up to date. Five myopic families were identified and selected for this study from different areas of Lahore. Linkage analysis of these families was done by MYP3, MYP4 and MYP5 loci (each consisting of a set of 3 microsatellite markers) of myopia that were selected from the panel of 19 loci. A total number of 9 microsatellite markers were used to analyze 24 samples from five families. After DNA extraction and PCR amplification, linkage analysis was carried out by genotyping through PAGE and haplotypes were constructed for the families.
Through the haplotype analysis of pedigree it was found that none of the families was found linked on any of the loci. The comparison of linkage analysis past studies with this study yielded no evidence for the presence of linkage in any of the family genotypes on the three loci. Also the LOD score calculation suggested that as all the pedigrees were found to be unlinked, the LOD score values calculated was less than 1 which suggests that markers also do not support the linkage. This may be due to the less availability of normal samples and total number of affected samples.
Moreover according to clinical factors, the individuals selected had low cylindrical component which suggest that these individuals are having simple to moderate myopia. Whereas, increase in spherical component with age shifts the lens more towards positive value (hyperopia) was also observed.
It is concluded from this study that no linkage was identified in any of the family. Both clinical and genetic factors are involved in development of myopia. Further detail study on the loci of myopia is required especially focusing the families with consanguineous marriages. Because in such families the probability of presence of linkage is more as the chances of transmission of disease allele are more in cousin marriages. From the presence of unlinked pedigrees it can also be proposed that any novel locus is present and through the identification of this novel locus, a novel gene can also be identified. Moreover, there is a probability that through genome wide screening, any other loci on any other families of Lahore may show an inherited pattern.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1158,T] (1).
7.
Detection Of Toxoplasma Gondii From Water And Matrices (Soil,Fruits &
by Adeela Ajmal | Prf.Dr. Azhar Maqbool | Dr. Kamran ashraf | Dr.Aftab ahmad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Toxoplasmosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii is a widely distributed protozoan disease capable of infecting a variety of animal species. Felids, both domestic and wild, are capable of serving as definitive hosts, shedding T.gondii oocysts in their faeces.
People acquire toxoplasmosis posnatally by ingesting T.gondii oocysts from contaminated environments or by consuming T.gondii tissue cysts in inadequately meat products, raw meat containing tissue cysts or by ingestion of resistant oocysts from environmental matrices (soil, water, fruits and vegetables).
However, the impact of oocysts in toxoplasmosis epidemiology needs to be specified because they are suspected to be associated with T.gondii seroprevalence in some emerging outbreaks of acute toxoplasmosis in humans from soil or water. They are probably responsible for a significant part of infections in animals that could be later consumed by humans.
Detection of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in environmental samples is great challenge as this coccidian parasite can be responsible for severe infections in humans and animals via ingestion of a single oocyst from contaminated water, soil, fruits or vegetables.
The present proposed study was designed to develop methods for the detection of oocysts
from Water, soil, food and parks environment.
The results of recovery test showed that it was possible to detect Tooplasma gondii parasite from water samples collected from various sources i e, drinking water from muncipility, lakes, pools, various reservoirs around farms and from tube wells. From the results ,The highest (13%) prevalence was reported from water around farms followed by lakes & pools (9%) then water reservoirs (7%) whereas the lowest from drinking water & tubewells i e 6 & 6 percent respectively.
A total of 250 samples of fruits and vegetables were collected for detection of T. gondii . From the results, it was noted that overall prevalence of T. gondii infection was higher in vegetables i e 5.6 % than fruits (4 %).
A total of 250 soil samples were collected from urban and rural areas. Of these 125 were from urban areas and 125 from rural areas. From the table-3 it was shown that the highest prevalence of T. gondii infection was noted in gardens and back yards of homes and gardens i e 20 & 20 % respectively. In these places cats often defecate and become a source of infection. Then followed by public enclosures where infection was 14.3%. The lowest i e 13.3% infection was noted at homes of urban areas.
T. gondii infection in rural areas indicated that It was highest (20% ) in home back yards followed by homes (16.7%) then public enclosure (14.5%) whereas the lowest (13.3%) at gardens of rural areas.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1161,T] (1).
8.
Comparative Evaluation Of Various Canine Parvovirus Vaccine In Dogs
by Muhammad Usman Asghar | Dr.Aftab Ahmad Anjum | Prof.Dr.Masood Rabbani | Prof.Dr.Muham.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1269,T] (1).
9.
Effect Of Orally Adminisrered B-Gulcan From Different Sourves On Lipid Profile Of Hypercholestrolemic Rata
by Fatima razzaq | Miss.Faiza masood | Dr. Abu saeed hashmi | Dr.Aftab ahmad.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1874,T] (1).
10.
Microbiological Quality Assessment And Antibiotic Resistance Of Microbes Present In Fresh Indigenous Juices And Milk
by Hafza Raahat Farooq | Prof. Dr.Aftab ahmad Anjum | Prof. Dr. Khushi Muhammad.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1934,T] (1).
11.
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern Of Clostridium Perfringens Type A From Poultry And Its Resistance Modulation Using Medicinal Plant Extracts
by Arifa Jabeen (2008-VA-398) | Dr. Ali Ahmad Sheikh | Prof. Dr.Aftab Ahmad Anjum | Dr. Wasim Shehzad.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Avian acute necrotic enteritis (NE) is the burning issue in poultry sectors worldwide resulting in huge economic losses. Cl. perfringens; causative of NE; is an anaerobic, rod shaped Gram positive, spore former, catalase negative bacteria which produce characteristic double zone of hemolysis on 5 % sheep blood agar.
A total of 100 (n=100) intestinal samples were collected from ten different poultry farms in and around Lahore. Intestinal contents were enriched in fluid thioglycollate medium (FTM), isolated and purified on the tryptose sulfite cycloserine (TSC) agar which is highly selective and recommended medium for Cl. perfringens; identified by microscopic examination and typical biochemical tests (catalase and blood hemolysis).
Results showed that fifty six out of 100 samples were positive for the presence of Cl. perfringens with the overall positivity ratio of 56 % that is the highest percent prevalence in broilers and type was confirmed on the detection of cpa alpha toxin producing gene resulting in the product band size of 128 bp through PCR.
Five PCR confirmed isolates were subjected to antibiotic resistance studies. According to the results and CLSI standards, ampicillin and amoxycillin were susceptible to Cl. Perfringens while tetraacycline, ciprofloxacin and streptomycin were found resistant to all of the five isolates.
By agar well diffusion method plant extracts (Astragalus, Zingiber officinale, Calotropis procera and Gymnema sylvestre) were tested for their anti-clostridial activity. All produced zones of inhibitions of varying diameters except the aqueous extracts of 1st three plants that
Summary
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produced no any zone of inhibition on agar plates against any of the five isolates tested while those of Gymnema sylvestre produced good zones. MIC of plant extracts were determined against isolates. The extracts of Gymnema showed the lowest MIC values among all and in between sequential extracts of plants, the chloroform extracts showed relatively low MIC values in comparison to others statistically using One way ANOVA. MIC values of plant extracts were determined in combination with the specific MIC breakpoint concentrations of antibiotics too for their resistance modulatory effects against the isolates. Statistical result findings were very effective in combination with the resistant antibiotics as MIC values significantly reduced in comparison to performed solely with plant extracts. Especially the modulatory results for ethanol and chloroform extracts of nearly all four plants were noticeable as MIC values were rapidly declined below 100 in comparison to plant extracts alone where MIC values were higher to 500. All of the results data obtained through whole experiment were analyzed using SPSS versions 20.0.
Hence on the basis of above findings with the current study, it is concluded that medicinal plant extracts may prove effective herbal therapeutic agents against Cl. perfringens type A; the potent cause of necrotic enteritis in poultry. The findings of the study might be helpful in renewing and rescheduling the antibiotic administration plan with the use of medicinal plant extracts to modulate the action of antibiotics. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2276-T] (1).
12.
In-Vitro Effect of Indigenous Medicinal Plants Against Urease Producing Bacteria
by Iram Fareed (2011-VA-392) | Dr.Muhammad Nawaz | Dr.Aftab Ahmad Anjum | Dr.Muhammad Tayyab.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: CD empty Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2826-T] (1).
