1.
The Ecology And Biology Of The Indian Flying Fox(Pteropus Giganteus)
by Tayiba Latif Gulzar | Dr.Muhammad Mahmood-ul-Hassan | Dr.Zulfiqar Ali | Prof. Dr.Masroor.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2009Dissertation note: Exploratory visits to Jinnah during March 2008 and subsequent visits in each successive month provided new information of the ecology and biology of the Indian flying fox (Pteropus giganteus). There were 45 trees belonging to 22 species that were used as roosts by bats. The population of the indian flying fox varied from 884 - 2267 individuals. Among 45 roost, there were thirteen viz, Albizia procera, Aegle marmelos, Celtis australis, Cinnamomum, camphora, Dalbergia sissoo, DIospyros peregrina, Ficus elastica, Kigelia pinnata, Pinus roxburghii, Pterospermurn acerifölium, Putranjiva roxburghii, Terminalia bellerica and Taxodium mucronatum that harboured less than 100 bats.
Ceiba pentandra and Pistachia chinensis were the staple food item in bat guano and bolus during winter and autumn, respectively. The seeds of Ficus spp. were highly preferred and seven species viz; Ficus benjamina, F bengalensis, F. carica, F glomerta, F. mysorensis, F. religosa and F. retusa were identified that were consumed by bats throughout the year in their respective fruiting season. the seeds of Diospyros kaki and D. peregrina also showed 100 % consumption rate and were preferred by bats during winter and autumn, respectively (present study).
Bat guano forms the basis of food web consisting of bacteria, fungi, protozoans, nematods and arthropods. Ten fungal genera were identified from bolus and eight fungal genera from guano the randomly collected samples of the Indian flying fox in different seasons at Jinnah Garden. Alternaria, Aspergillus Candida, Chrysosporium Fusarium Penicillium and Saccharomyces were observed in the bolus of the bat. The fungal genera observed in guano included Alternaria, Aspergillus, Chrysosporium, Cryptococcus Exophiala Histoplasma Scopulariopsis and Trichophyton. Six bacterial genera were identified from bolus and ten from the guano seasonal sampling at Jinnah Garden. These included Acaligens, Azotobacter, Bacillus, Bartonella, Coryenbacteria, Klebsella, Listeria, Nitrsomonas, Nocardia, Salmonella and Stretomycetes.
The fresh guano of fruit bats is dark in colour and forms a flat, laminated mass. It generally contains more than 60% organic matter. Mineral composition of bolus and guano of Indian flying fox at Jinnah Garden were analyzed in four seasonal samples throughout the year. The pH of fruit bat bolus near acidic to neutral ranges between 6.7 and 7.4 where as pH of fruit bat is guano is near neutral to alkaline ranges between 7.1 and 7.4. The most abundant elements in bolus and guano are nitrogen and phosphorus whereas potassium is less abundant. The total nitrogen ranges between 2.28 % and 4.10 % the nitrogen values are higher in bolus than guano (2.0 % and 3.30) and the total phosphorus ranges between 3.10 % and 5.20 % which is slightly higher than the phosphorus range of bolus (3.50 % and 5.0 %).
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1070,T] (1).
2.
Dna Typing Of Pakistani Cattle Breeds (Tharparkar And Red Sindhi) By Microsatellites
by Amber Azam | Miss Sehrish Firyal | Prof. Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Pakistan has vast population of cattle belonging to different breeds. No study on DNA typing of cattle has been conducted in Pakistan. DNA typing of cattle is necessary to overcome the problems like forensic cases, sale & purchase, individual identity in case of fertilization by more than one male and ownership disputes. Microsatellite markers have been proved as an efficient and powerful tool for breed characterization of cattle. In this study, a panel of microsatellite markers, having high polymorphism information content (PlC) values, was developed. Blood samples were taken from jagular vein of two breeds of cattle (Tharparkar and Red Sindhi). DNA was extracted by Inorganic method. Primers of labeled microsatellite markers were optimized for successful amplification conditions in the Bio-Rad thermocycler. Multiplex PCR was performed, for amplification of these labeled microsatellite markers on 44 samples of cattle. (ienotyping analysis was performed for the PCR products of labeled microsatellite markers on agarose gel and then by the genotyper. These results were analyzed statistically software "POPGENE 3.3 and POWER STAT". Allele frequency, heterozygosity, homozygosity and polymorphism information content (PlC) of all microsatellite markers were calculated. Average hetrozygosity, average observed homozygosity and average polymorphism infonnation content (PlC) value for all alleles was 0.60, 0.40 and 0.91 respectively. Almost all of the microsatellite markers showed significant variations in both Tharparkar and Red Sindhi breeds. Microsatellite "1NRAOO5" showed maximum variation i.e. 19 alleles and microsatellite"INRAO23" showed the least variation among all microsatellite markers i.e. 2 alleles. Genotyping results of microsatellite markers were clearly different for two different breeds showing a distinct genetic distance between Tharparkar and Red Sindhi breeds.
Results of this study lead to development of a panel of 19 microsatellite markers which can be used for breed characterization of cattle. This was a preliminary study on two cattle breeds (Tharparkar and Red Sindhi) in Pakistan. This facility can be provided on commercial basis to owners. Moreover this study can become the basis for further research investigations on cattle in Pakistan.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1165,T] (1).
3.
Habitat, Morphology And General Biology Of Bats Of Fmaily Embellonuridae
by Sana Ashraf | Dr. Muhammad Mahmood ul Hassan | Dr. Zulfiqar Ali | Prof. Dr.Masroor.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: The present study was designed to investigate habitat, morphology and general biology of the bats belonging to family Embellonuridae from Punjab. A total of fifteen specimens of sheath- tailed bats belonging to two species were captured from Attock and Bahawalpur districts and identified. These included eleven specimens of the naked-rumped tomb bat (Taphozous nudiventris) and four specimens of Egyptian tomb bat (T. perforates). The later species is a new record from the present study area.
A roost of sheath-tailed bats was located with help of some locals in the suburbs of the Ratowal village in Attock district from where four naked-rumped tomb bats (T. nudiventris) were captured with the help of hand net. Acacia catechu, A. nilotica, A. modesta, Bauhinia variegate, Olea ferruginea, Phylianthus emblica and Quercus leucotrichophora were the main tree species present in the area while the shrubs included Carissa opaca, Calotropis procera, Dodonaea viscose, Justica adhatoda and Otostegia limbata. A ilium jaquemontii, Arundo donax, Cannabis sativa, Centaurea iberica, Eulophia dabia, Geranium oceiiatum and Hibiscus caesius, were some notable herb species in that habitat.
Approximately three hundred bats were roosting on the walls and ceiling of the shrine located in the vicinity of Mojgarh from where five bats were captured. Two of these were Egyptian tomb bats (T. perforatus) while the remaining three were naked-rumped tomb bats (T. nudiventris). Six hundred and thirty five bats were counted on the walls and ceilings of various rooms of the ruined Derawar Fort of which six bats were captured. One of these was T perforatus while the remainings were T. nudiventris.
The mean body weight of the eleven T. nudiventris was 48.7 g ± 11.63 (SD) while their head and body length was 87.9 mm ± 6.20 (SD). Free tail, ear and tragus were 17.3 mm ± 3.38 (SD), 13.9 mm± 2.21 (SD) and 4.1 mm ± 0.54 (SD) long, respectively. The forearm was 70.5 mm ± 0.93 (SD) long. Thumb and claw were 7.8 mm ± 0.84 (SD) and 2.5 ± 0.35 (SD) long respectively. The mean length of 3', 4th and 5th metacarpals was 62.3 mm ± 2.54 (SD), 50.6 mm ± 2.28 (SD) and 38.2 mm ± 9.78 (SD), respectively. The 1st and 2'' phalanges of 3rd metacarpal
27.3 mm ± 1.03 (SD) and 28.6 mm ± 2.40 (SD) long, respectively while the same on 4th metacarpal were 13.6 mm ± 2.63 (SD) and 8.3 mm ± 1.03 (SD) long, respectively. Their wingspan was 36.6 mm ± 3.28 (SD). Hind foot, tibia and calcar were 14.8 mm ± 1.40 (SD), 29.0 mm ± 1.10 (SD) and 5.6 mm ± 1.91 (SD) long, respectively while male had a 5.8 mm ± 1.39 (SD) long penis.
A total of four specimens of the Egyptian tomb bat were collected from Bhawalpur district at Mojgarh (n = 2), Derawar fort (n= 1), and Rattowal (n= 1) from Attock district in the areas of Punjab. The mean body weight of these specimens was 37.6 g ± 15.07 (SD). Their mean head and body, free tail and ear length was 82.0 mm ± 4.40 (SD), 21.0 mm ± 2.16 (SD) and 15.0 mm ± 3.16 (SD), respectively. The mean length of tragus was 4.0 mm ± 0.00 (SD). Length of the forearm was 63.8 mm ± 1.50 (SD). Length of thumb and of claw was 8.0 mm ± 0.71 (SD) and 2.8 ± 0.29 (SD). The mean length of 3rd metacarpal , 1st phalanx on 3fd metacarpal and 2' phalanx on 3ft metacarpal were 59.6 mm ± 6.57 (SD), 25.1 mm ± 1.65 (SD) and 27.4mm ±2.43 (SD) respectively. The mean length of 4th maetacarpal and it's 1st and 2nd halanx were 47.0 mm ± 2.86 (SD), 13.4mm±1.60 (SD) and 7.8mm ± 2.25 (SD), respectively. The4 mean length of 5th metacarpal was 40.8 mm± 6.99(SD) Their wingspan was 30.9mm ±1.80 (SD). Hind foot and tiabia length was 15.5mm ± 1.29 (SD). Their calcar and penis length was 6.0mm ±1.41 (SD) and 5.9 mm± 1.93 (SD) respectively.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1195,T] (1).
4.
Feeding Management For Optimum Growth, Reproduction And First Lactation Performance In Sahiwal Heifers
by Muhammad Fiaz | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Abdulla | Prof. Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Sahiwal is well known dairy cattle breed in the tropical and subtropical regions of world for its excellent heat and tick resistance. The value of adequate nutrition and management of replacement heifers is mostly overlooked and production losses linked with slow growth rate are not entirely realized. Efficient utilization of nutrients like energy during pre pubertal and gestation periods is needful for melioration. The study included two experiments. The aim in first experiment was to investigate the effect of varying dietary energy levels on pre pubertal growth and age at puberty in Sahiwal heifers. Twenty Sahiwal heifers (Age = 12 ± 2 month and avg. wt = 125 kg) were assigned to four dietary treatments having five animals on each treatment. Isonitrogenous (CP=13.7%) diets having varying energy levels, viz; A=100% (Control), B=88%, C=112% and D=124% of NRC recommended level for small breed non bred heifers were fed to the respective groups until onset of puberty.
Dry matter and protein intakes were not influenced by varying dietary energy levels during pre pubertal period. However, metabolizable energy (ME) 124% of NRC recommendation enhanced average daily gain (ADG) up to 571±15 g/d which was higher than all other dietary energy levels, whereas it was similar between ME 100% and ME 112% (442±11 and 450±05 g/d, respectively) but lower in ME 88% (397±07 g/d). The improvement in ADG of heifers fed ME 124% of NRC might be attributed to availability of excess energy nutrient for heifers to fulfill not only maintenance requirements but also to grow and develop body reserves. Provision of extra dietary energy improved efficiency of diets which might be attributed to availability of surplus dietary energy enabling heifers to convert feed into live body mass more efficiently. The 13 to 18 months of age was found optimum time period to have significantly highest ADG in Sahiwal heifers. This might be attributed to propitious physiological conditions under which heifers grow at faster rate.
The optimum increase in body structures (Body length, height and heart girth) was achieved in ME 124% of NRC recommendations. The phase from 13 to 18 months of age was found optimum possessing significantly highest values of increase in body length and heart girth, whereas phase from 19 months to age at puberty was optimum to achieve significantly highest body height. The optimum increase in heart girth during first two phases (13 to 19 months of age) might be attributed to relatively faster muscle growth in body than bone growth. The digestibility percentages of nutrients (DM, CP, NDF and ADF) were not influenced by different dietary energy levels. No influence of dietary energy levels on digestibility of nutrients in the present study might be attributed to best adaptability of Sahiwal heifers to utilize diets even with low energy under local environment.
Similarly, age at puberty was also not affected by dietary treatments and overall average was 833 ± 10 days. The optimum performance in terms of age at puberty at lower dietary energy level might be attributed to lesser energy requirements of Sahiwal under tropical and subtropical environment condition as elaborated by NRC (2000) that maintenance energy requirements of Bos indicus breeds including Sahiwal are about 10% lower. The similar pattern of influence was observed in serum progesterone concentration. The average of progesterone detected during a month before puberty was 0.44±0.005 ng/mL and during a month after onset of puberty was 1.48 ± 0.03 ng/mL serums. The similar rogesterone concentration among dietary treatments might be attributed to similar age at puberty in Sahiwal heifers.
It is concluded from results of first experiment that higher dietary energy level (ME 124% of NRC) enhanced growth parameters and feed efficiency but reproductive performance of Sahiwal heifers in terms of age at puberty was optimum even at lower dietary energy level (ME 88% of NRC recommended level) under local environment conditions of Pakistan.
The aim in second experiment was to study the effect of feeding varying dietary energy levels during last trimester of pregnancy on 1st lactation performance in Sahiwal heifers. Five to six months pregnant Sahiwal heifers (n=16) were assigned four dietary treatments having four heifers on each treatment. Iso-nitrogenous (CP=14.1%) diets having varying energy levels, viz; A=100% (Control), B=88%, C=112% and D=124% percent of NRC recommended level for pregnant heifers were fed to the respective groups until calving. After calving, all heifers were fed a similar diet having CP (16.2%) and ME (1.72 Mcal/kg).
Dry matter and CP intakes were similar across the dietary treatments. Pre calving ADG was not different among heifers fed ME 112 and ME 124% (486 ± 13 and 497 ± 05 g/d, respectively) but higher than other diets, whereas it was also higher (444 ± 07 g/d) in ME 100% than 397 ± 08 g/day in ME 88% of NRC recommendation. Feed efficiency was similar between ME 124 and ME 112% but higher than other diets, whereas ME 100% was also more efficient than ME 88% of NRC recommendation. The higher feed efficiency in higher dietary energy levels might be attributed to availability of surplus dietary energy enabling heifers to convert feed into live body mass more efficiently. Better body score through higher pre calving dietary energy level might be attributed to availability of energy for animal in surplus to its requirements of maintenance and pregnancy. Higher level of energy at this stage enabled pregnant heifers to develop extra body reserves needed in early lactation period to fulfill high demand of lactogenesis. The similar birth weight of newly born calves might be attributed to the factor that needs of conceptus (growth of fetus, fetal membranes, uterus and mammary glands) are accorded high priority by the homeorhetic controls it transmits to the dam.
Extra energy levels beyond NRC recommendation during prepartum period were not advantageous to increase milk yield in 1st calf heifers. The performance of 1st calf heifers in terms of milk yield was only optimum through pre calving feeding according to NRC recommendations. The lesser milk yield in diets having higher energy levels than recommended by NRC might be attributed to more availability of mammary fat pad which may limit further parenchymal tissue development and consequently decrease milk yield during subsequent lactation. However, milk fat percentage increased as pre calving dietary energy level was increased, whereas milk protein, lactose and SNF percent among animals fed different experimental diets did not differ. It is concluded from results of second experiment that the optimal performance of pregnant Sahiwal heifers was achieved through provision of pre calving extra dietary energy (ME 112%) beyond the NRC recommendation but first lactation yield was found optimum in heifers fed diet having energy level as per recommendations of NRC.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1230,T] (1).
5.
Dna Typing And Quantification Of Lip Cosmetic Samples For Forensic Casework Analysis
by Rabia Umer | Mis. Saeeda Kalsoom | Prof. Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Biological evidences have most significant place in forensic analysis. These biological evidences may consist of blood, hair, tissue, nails and saliva. While lip cosmetics can also become important non-biological source in certain cases. Considering this fact, present study was designed to get DNA from different sources of lipstick and its impressions. DNA as biological evidence had been collected from lips after using lipstick, used lipstick, eaten-apple, bite-mark from arm, facemask and tissue with lipstick impressions, cigarette butt, pen, kiss and glass from female donors. Buccal swabs were also taken as reference.
DNA extraction from these lipstick stained samples was done by organic method while quantification was performed through RT-PCR by using Quantifiler assay. All amplifications were performed using (IdentifilerTM Kit having 16 STRs) GeneAmp PCR System 9700 thermal cycler for 28 cycles and the amplified product was analyzed with ABI Prism 3100 Genetic Analyzer and GeneMapper® ID analysis software v3.2. All profiles were successfully matched with their reference DNA.
Present study may help to develop a tool for extraction and quantification of DNA from trace evidence like lipstick obtained from crime scenes in forensic analysis. This study was done on preliminary basis in Pakistan and successful results were obtained for forensic analysis. Furthermore, this research may be extended by increasing number of samples, gender discrimination and detection of SNP in samples generating partial profile.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1338,T] (1).
6.
Genetic Study Of Myp 2, Myp 15, Myp 16, And Myp 17, Loci Of Myopia In Families Of Province Punjab
by Uzma Naureen | Ms. Saeeda Kalsoom | Prof. Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Myopia is said as the common cause of impaired vision and visual disability. In this disease the image is not focused sharply on the retina causing a dim vision to be formed and this condition of eye is referred as myopia. It is highly prevalent eye disease with its prevalence estimated to be I trillion throughout the
world and approximately [our billion in Pakistan. It is multi factorial disease and 19 loci identified up to date.
Eight myopic families were identified and selected for this study from different areas of Punjabprovince. Linkage analysis of these families was done by MYP 2, MYP J 5, MYP J 6 and MYP J 7 loci (each consisting of a set of 3 microsatellite markers) of myopia that were selected from the panel of 19 loci. A
total number of 12 microsatellite markers were used to analyze 40 samples from eight families. After DNA extraction and peR amplification, linkage analysis was carried out by gcnotyping through PAGE and haplotypes were constructed for the fami lies.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1347,T] (1).
7.
Sequence Analysis Of Shiga Toxin 1 And Shiga Toxin 2 Genes Of Escherichia Coli O157: H7 Isikates From Lahore
by Saqib Hussain | Mr. Tanveer Hussain | Prof. Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Escherichia coli is normal inhabitant of all the animals and human beings. The Sorbitol
non fermenting E. coli strains were detected in milk, beef and fecal samples collected
from different areas of Lahore. White colored colonies of each positive sample on
Sorbitol MacConkey's Agar (SMA) contained gram negative, rods with round ends non
spore former Escherichia coli. Each of the isolates was sorbitol non fermenter, lactose
fermenter, indole positive, Methyl Red positive, Voges Prauskaur negative and citrate
negative. Each of the isolate was further characterized using polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) for the presence of shiga toxin 1 and shiga toxin 2 genes. Bacterial DNA was
extracted easily by boiling method when the isolates were grown on Sorbitol
MacConkey's agar at 37°C for 12-24 hours. The DNA was recovered when the culture
was boiled for 5-10 minutes. The isolated DNA when amplified using Stxland Stx2
specific primers showed that 68.5 percent samples were positive for Stxl and 54.2
percent for Stx2. The stx 1 and stx2 PCR products were subjected to sequencing. The
resulted sequences when aligned with the reference sequence through Basic local
alignment tool it showed that the shiga toxin 1 and shiga toxin 2 gene sequences are
conserved and showed high similarity in their nucleotide structure. Despite of having
high similarity in their nucleotide structure some haplotypes were also obtained showing
single nucleotide polymorphism. Phylogenetic analysis made among local isolates and
also with reported sequences from all over the world by using bioinformatics software to
see the genetic similarities and difference between them. The data produced showed
some highly conserved sequences and SNPs as well that will be quite useful for further
applications in diagnostics and biotechnology applications in future.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1375,T] (1).
8.
Molecular Characterisation And Antibiotic Resistance Of Avian Salmonella Enterica
by Sajid ul Hassan Qureshi | Dr. Atif Hanif | Prof. Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Avian Salmonella enteric sub species enteritidis can cause enteritis in a wide range of host species and being responsible for the majority of Salmonella food-borne enteritis in man worldwide. This food borne disease of primary concern in developed, as well as developing countries. The spread of disease is favored by a variety of animal reservoirs and a wide commercial distribution of both animals and food products. This disease is among one of the major public health problems in terms of socio-economic impact. However there was little information on their prevalence, characterization and antibiotic susceptibility in Pakistan. In the current study Salmonella enteritidis was characterized on the basis plasmid encoded antibiotic resistance and Whole cell protein profiling to reduce the public associated with consumption of infected products. Ten Isolates were tested for plasmid encoded antibiotic resistance against six antibiotics. results of in vitro susceptibility by standard disc showed that all isolates were highly resistant to Ampicillin (100%), followed by Amoxicillin to which 60% isolates were resistant. High susceptibility was shown to levofloxacin, and Ciprofloxacin (90 and 80% respectively) by S. enteritidis isolates. Plasmid profiling of resistant isolates shown a large plasmid ( kb) that appears to be a serotype specific virulence plasmid. Whole cell protein profiling was done by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) which revealed results close relation among Salmonella entertidis isolates and the 78.1 and 35 kDa bands were observed to be major bands in all strains.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1380,T] (1).
9.
Molecular Characterisation And Antimicrobial Resistance Of Human Salmonella Enterica
by Yaser Bhatti | Dr. Atif Hanif | Prof. Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Infectious diseases directly or indirectly are still the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the human population. Prevention and control of such diseases has been a major challenge since ages. During the last few decades, infections with Salmonella have been recognized as a major hazard to humans in most countries.In this study, ten confirmed and purifiedisolates ofSalmonella typhi were collected from Chugtai's Lahore Lab.and were grown inbuffered peptone water, tetrathionate broth and SS agar. Isolates were characterized by antibiotic resistance patterns, plasmid profiling and protein profiling. All isolates were resistant to ampicillin and were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. 90% of isolates were sensitive to gentamicin and 50% were resistant to chloramhenicol, while 70% of isolates showed intermediate behaviour to amoxicillin. Single plasmid profile was observed among all resistant isolates and all isolates harboured a single heavy weight plasmid.Sensitive isolates were free of any plasmid. Isolates were grouped into six groups by SDS-PAGE. Different banding pattern was observed among groups. However, a protein of 10kDa was common in all isolates.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1382,T] (1).
10.
Association Of Genetic Polymarphism Of Cyp 2D6 Gene With Generalized Tonic Clonic Seizures In Pakistani Ptients
by Rana Manzoor Ahmad | Dr. Ali Raza Awan | Prof. Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Epilepsy is chronic neurological disorder in which hyperexcitibilty of neurons cause seizures. It is a serious disorder as there is an association between the increased mortality and epilepsy. The etiology of epilepsy can be genetic. There are two main types of epilepsy, partial and generalized. These two types are further categorized into different type of seizures. Its prevalence is more in developing countries like Pakistan. The generalized tonic clonic seizure (GTCS) is a type of epilepsy prevelant in Pakistan. Cytochrome P450 (CYP2D6) enzyme has been reported to be associated with GTCS. CYP2D6 is encoded by a 4.6 kb gene named as CYP2D6. This is a highly polymorphic gene having 09 exons.
In this study CYP2D6 gene (exon 1-5) was characterized for polymorphism and the polymorphism was evaluated for asssociation with GTCS in Pakistani patients. Patient data and blood samples of different epilepsy patients were collected. DNA was isolated by inorganic method. PCR amplification was used for amplification of CYP2D6 (exon 1-5) and sequencing was performed on ABI 3130 XL Genetic analyzer. Two mutations, 214 G>C and 232 G>C in intron1 of CYP2D6 gene have been found. These mutations were only found in Pakistani patients suffering with GTCS. Absence of these mutations in 10 healthy individuals (control group) confirmed association of these mutations with GTCS. This outcome of study will help to add information in international gene data. The mutations found in this study will also lead to gene therapy of GTCS, genetic counseling and develop prenatal diagonastic tests.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1390,T] (1).
11.
Association Of Katg Gene With Isoniazid Resistance In Multiple Drug Resistant Tuberculosis
by Farouk Qamar Malik | Dr. Ali Raza Awan | Prof. Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: TB has been announced as a global emerg~ncy of this millennium. It is one of the leading causes of death among adults due to a single infectious agent. Pakistan is sixth among the twenty two Eastern Mediterranean Region countries with the highest burden of disease which is approximately 181 per 100,000. The emergence of drug resistant MTB poses a serious threat to the ongoing efforts to control the disease epidemic. Drug resistance to the first line drugs such as INH and RIF needs to be investigated. In this respect the role of various genes conferring resistance should be studied to find better treatment alternatives. The current practice of drug sensitivity testing requiring approximately three weeks (total turnaround time for MTB culture and sensitivity is around 90 days) is time consuming and a major cause of treatment delay. In this research sputum samples were collected in wide mouth transparent containers from suspected TB patients. After decontamination samples were inoculated onto LJ medium. The colonies grown on the slopes were identified as MTB by standard biochemical test. Isolates were tested on LJ medium for in vitro DST (Drug Sensitivity Testing). MDR was described as resistance to INH and RIF with or without resistance to other drugs. DNA was extracted from the grown samples using kit method. After extraction of DNA, the region from base 2714 to 3232 of katG gene was amplified through peR and the amplified products were sequenced. Analysis of the DNA sequences and mutations was done with the help of BLAST - alignment software. A total of 24 MDR MTB samples were sequenced. Sequence analysis revealed the reported mutation Ser - Thr in katG codon 315 in five samples (21 percent of the total sample size). In this study, an authentic molecular analysis (test) was developed and validated for identification of INH resistant strains in Pakistani population. By studying genetic mutations in katG gene and its association With INH resistance, an alternative can be provided whereby specimens can be tested for these mutations and timely decisions taken. This will not only save the patients from unnecessary treatment delays but will also prevent the administration of drugs to which MTB is resistant and in the long run decrease drug resistance and disease burden.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1402,T] (1).
12.
Association Of Embb Gene With Ethambutol Resistance In Tuberculosis Patients
by Sana Hafeez | Dr. Atif Hanif | Prof. Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Tuberculosis is a major infectious disease killing nearly two million people, mostly
in developing countries, every year. The increasing incidence of resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains to the most effective anti- TB drugs is a major factor
contributing to the current TB epidemic. Drug-resistant strains have evolved mainly due
to incomplete or improper treatment of TB patients. Resistance of M tuberculosis to anti-
TB drugs is caused by mutations in gene encoding drug targets. According to the World
Health Organization, 8 million cases of tuberculosis (TB) occur each year, resulting in 2
million deaths. TB is. transmitted by sneezing, coughing, speaking by those persons
having already TB. In affected persons mycobacterium multiplies and spread by
lymphatics to the lymph nodes, and through the bloodstream to other body sites.
Pulmonary TB is a very common type of TB. The worldwide failure of TB control
programs, combined with the HIV /acquired immunodeficiency syndrome pandemic, led
to marked increases in TB mortality. Pakistan is 1 of 22 countries listed by the World
Health Organization (WHO) as having a high incidence of tuberculosis. TB is responsible
for 5.1 percent of the total national disease burden in Pakistan. In this study sputum
samples from TB patients were collected in wide mouth, transparent containers from
local sources of Lahore. Sputa were processed with Sodium hydroxide solution to remove
contamination and inoculated directly onto two slopes 'of Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) Medium in tubes. After inoculation samples were incubated at 37°C up to eight weeks or
till colonies appear. Colonies grown on the slopes were identified as MTB by sensitivity
and identification tests. DNA was extracted and .amplified with specially designed
primers and sequencing of the peR products was also done. Analysis of the sequences
and SNPs/mutations was done with the help of appropriate bioinformatics softwares.
DNA extraction was done in Institute of Public Health, Lahore and all remaining work
was performed in Molecular Cytogenetic and Genomics Laboratory, (IBBT), UV AS,
Lahore. Present study was related to polymorphism analysis of embB gene of MTB
isolates and its association with ethambutol resistance. From total 14 resistant samples
ten samples showed reported mutations when the query sequences were compared with
the reported reference sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis embB gene available on
NCBI website. None of the novel mutation was found. EMB resistant MTB strains
showed mutations in embB gene at different co dons including 306 codon and 319 codon.
Genetic analysis showed that eight samples possessed mutation at 306 codon and two had
at 319 codon. WIllie four samples did not show any mutation or alteration in embB gene
region. Patients were screened for alternations in codon 306 of the embB gene as
mutation in this codon are reported to confer resistance to ethambutol.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1409,T] (1).
13.
Mutation Pattern Of Rpob Gene In Multi-Drutg Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
by Obaid Ullah | Ms. Sehrish Faryal | Prof. Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Mulit-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis when it is resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin with or without being resistant to any other first line drug. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is rod shaped aerobic bacteria. There are more then 50 species of Mycobacteria. Resistance to rifampicin is caused by mutations in rpoB gene which forms the beta subunit of RNA polymerase. Due to mutations in rpoB gene, rifampicin losses its affinity to bind RNA polymerase and the bacteria becomes resistant. MDR-TB is more dangerous than tuberculosis as former is treated by less effective and more expensive drugs. Also MDR-TB takes longer duration of treatment. So it is needed to study the pattern of mutations of rpoB gene in Mulit-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and to identify any new mutations which can contribute towards rifampicin resistance.
1080 sputum samples were included in the study. Sputum samples were cultured and tested for drug sensitivity on Lowenstein Jenson (LJ) medium. DNA was extracted from the colonies on LJ medium. After PCR, the product was purified and sequenced. The mutations analysis was performed by comparing the wild type rpoB gene H37RV with the sequence of rpoB gene of our present MDR-TB isolates.
In our study we found mutation On codon 531, Mutation was observed in 6 strains ( 35%), which was of one type in which Serine was converted into Leucine . On codon 516, mutation was observed in 3 strains (18%), which was of two types in which Aspartic acid was converted into Valine and in second mutation Aspartic acid was converted into Tyrosine. On codon 512, mutation was observed in 1 strains ( 6%) in which Serine was converted into Isoleucine. On codon 533, mutation was also observed in 1 strain ( 6%). Mutation was of one type in which Leucine was converted into Proline. On codon 528, mutation was observed in 1 strain ( 6%) in which Arginine was converted into Arginine. On codon 533, mutation was observed in 1 strain ( 6%) in which Leucine is converted into Proline.
By studying and identifying mutations in rpoB gene in strains of our geographical region, we will be able to make better policies in rapid diagnosis and appropriate chemotherapy. That may contribute in controlling growing epidemic of tuberculosis in Pakistan. The result of present study have concluded that the molecular techniques can be use as rapid tool for the diagnosis and identification of MDR-TB in clinical isolates of MTB.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1422,T] (1).
14.
Identification Of Polymorphism In Cytochrome P45011B1 (Cyp11B1) Gene And Its Relation To Milk Yield In Sahiwal
by Sidra Manzoor | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Prof. Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1455,T] (1).
