1.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms In Pouifi Gene And Its Association With Milk Production Traits In Pakistani Cattle
by Sadia Munir | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Dr. Abu Saeed | Dr. Muhammad Wasim.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: In farm animals, the primary focus of selection has been to improve milk yield. Milk field is a polygenic trait and a few potential candidate genes have been recognized.
Association studies have shown that POUlFl is related to many production traits in
domestic animals and is one of those candidate genes that are involved in milk
production. POUl F 1 encodes a pituitary-specific transcription factor. It is well
established that growth hormone (GH) released from pituitary gland plays an essential
role in growth, mammary gland development and lactation process. The bovine
POUlFl gene is of 15952 bp length having 6 exons. The genetic characterization of
the POUlFl gene to identify the SNPs as genetic markers and validation of these
potential markers by associating them with milk production traits has been performed.
A total 35 samples from Sahiwal and 30 from Holstein-Friesian cattle breeds were
sequenced for all 6 exonic portions of the POUlFl by using 6 sets of primers. A total
15 polymorphic sites in Sahiwal and 14 in Holstein-Friesian were identified from
these sequences. Out of total 15 SNPs identified in Sahiwal, 12 were in intronic
region and 3 were in exonic. Out of 14 SNPs identified in Holstein-Friesian, 10 were
in intronic and 4 were in exonic region. The sequences of the amplified POUl F 1 gene
fragments were aligned with the help of BLAST for SNPs identification. This study is
first step in finding some confirmed markers for milk yield in Sahiwal and Holstein-
Friesian cattle breed that can be used in future for selection and breeding programmes.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1373,T] (1).
2.
Srudy Of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid A Receptor Delta Subnuit Gene Mutations Involved In Generalized Epilepsy With Febrile Seizures Plus (GEFS+) Patients in Punjab
by Iram Javed | Dr. Muhammad Wasim | Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi | Dr. Asif Nadeem.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: World health organization (WHO) reports that neurological disorders affect one billion people worldwide, including 50 million affected by epilepsy. Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, periodic, spontaneous and unprovoked seizures. Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizure plus (GEFS+) is an autosomal dominant disorder and a heterogeneous familial condition in which family members express febrile seizures initially, and then show multiple phenotypes of myoclonic epilepsy including partial or absence seizures and generalized tonic conic seizures. Molecular genetics techniques have identified various GEFS+ associated mutations in many genes i.e. sodium channel genes (SCN2A, SCN1A, and SCN1B) and some GABA receptor genes (GABRG2 and GABRD). GABAA receptors are the principal intermediaries of fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the eNS and have been frequently reported to playa significant role in a number of seizures. GABRD gene encodes the delta (8) subunit and is usually located in extrasynaptic GABAA receptors. The present study was aimed to investigate coding regions of GABRD gene for analyzing the mutations involved in epilepsy. Blood samples of unrelated true representative ofGEFS+ were collected from psychiatry departments of different hospitals of Lahore. DNA were extracted with the standard protocol and amplifications of the GABRD regions were done with specially designed primers. Later on, sequencing of target fragments was carried out. Sequences were analyzed through BioEdit software and then aligned with the help of custalW2 software. Out of 14 GEFS+ patients, only 3 were identified with a novel heterozygous transition mutation in intron 5. Further study, with much larger sample number, is required to revise the effects of this polymorphism and accurately identifying the associated factors. There is a need to explore the other gene mutations causing epilepsy in local population of Punjab and Pakistan that will ultimately help to develop genetic counseling strategies, gene therapies and prenatal diagnostic procedures for the population of Pakistan.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1394,T] (1).
3.
Molecular Approach For Sex Determination In Avian Species
by Sehrish Basheer | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Dr. Muhammad Wasim | Madam.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: To tell the difference between male and female birds takes keen observation. While not all bird species have easily visible gender differences. Almost all birds' species are sexually monomorphic so it is difficult to distinguish between male and female characters. There are some techniques for bird's sex identification. Surgical Sexing, in this an endoscope is passed into the body cavity and ovaries or testis can be observed. It is available for all types of birds. Surgical sexing is oldest and quickest method. But it cause stress to the bird and expensive technique. Fecal steroid analysis is another technique in which stool sample is analyzed for reproductive hormone presence. In this technique bird should be sexually mature for analysis. Bload Sexing is used to determine the male or female bird. This can be done at any age. Feather exing is very useful and economical method. Retrieve a feather pulp from growing feather and analyze the presence of male and female chromosome. Two chromosomes Z and Ware present in birds. ZZ in male and ZW in female. The method used in this study was based on the chromosome differences. Nine different species of birds which includes green parrot, budgerigar, .pigeon, quail, sparrow, chicken, peacock, duck and pheasants were analyzed and their sex is determined by molecular methods. DNA will be extracted from feathers and blood. The intronic egion of CHD 1- Wand CHD l-Z gene will be amplified by sex specific primer. PCR products were screened by agarose gel electrophoresis. The PCR products were show double and single bands on the agarose gel. The double bands indicate female bird because of ZW chromosome is present in females and single band indicates the male bird because of ZZ chromosomes in males.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1400,T] (1).
4.
Identification Of Polymorphism In Cytochrome P45011B1 (Cyp11B1) Gene And Its Relation To Milk Yield In Sahiwal
by Sidra Manzoor | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Prof. Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1455,T] (1).
5.
Paternal Lineage Analysis In Sahiwal, Cholistani And Dajal Breeds Of Cattle Through Sry And Zfy Genes Analysis.
by Anwar Saeed | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi | Dr. Asif Nadeem.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Livestock sector plays a vital role in the economy of Pakistan. Main contribution of milk comes from buffaloes and cattle. Cattle are the major elements of livestock in the country and possess great importance for economy in the form of milk and meat production. Cholistani, Sahiwal and Dajal are the major cattle breeds of Pakistan.
Conventional classification of breeds was based on phenotypic traits. In some cases, recent genetic studies have found differences in the structure proposed. In cattle ,one has to bear in mind that morphological changes were not the result of adaptation to the environment, but have a social significance thus may not be indicative of the genetic relationship. In recent years Y chromosomal genes have proved to be very useful for the determination of genetic relationship among population. Comparative studies have highlighted the advantages of the SRY and ZFY genes of Y chromosome. These genes have been considered as competent and powerful tool for the purpose of breed characterization and species identification of cattle.
Blood samples from true representative animals of each of the three cattle breeds (Cholistani, Sahiwal and Dajal) were collected from different Government livestock farms and their respective home tracts in Punjab. DNA was extracted by inorganic method and amplification of the SRY and ZFY (exon 5) genes of Y chromosome was done with especially designed primers using Primer3 software in Molecular Biology and Genomics Laboratory at Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. Specific primers are designed for these genes amplification. Then primers were optimized for successful amplification with minimum reagent concentration. PCR was 58
performed for amplification of SRY and ZFY (exon 5) genes on each sample. Sequencing was conducted on amplicons to find out the different single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) to make haplotypes with the help of bioinformatics software like Blast 2sequence and Neighbor Joining phylogenetic tree was constructed by using MEGA version 5. The results obtained from this study now can contribute to the establishment of routine DNA typing service to the advantages of the cattle in livestock industry.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1459,T] (1).
6.
Variation In The Non Structural Nd3 Gene Of Hepatitis C Viruses Isolated From Local Hospital Samples
by Muzna Rana | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Dr. Abu Saeed | Mrs. Saeeda Awais.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Hepatic C virus (HCV) infects approximately 4% of the population worldwide. HCV establishes a chronic infection of the liver that causes cirrhosis and can lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV is transmitted exclusively through direct blood-to-blood contacts between humans. Current drug therapies for HCV infection often fail to resolve viral infection; therefore, new approaches for treating HCV infection are crucial in controlling chronic HCV infection. The viral protease NS3 has been identified as an attractive target for anti-HCV drugs, because its activity is indispensable for processing many of the NS proteins of HCV. Although the NS3 helicase is a potentially attractive target for anti-HCV drugs, no helicase inhibitors have yet entered clinical trials. In this research we are going to isolate the NS3 region of HCV genome, from different HCV positive patients with the help of RT PCR. Then sequence these, and observe similarities in these sequences. The main objective of the present study is to determine variation in the non structural gene NS3 of hepatitis C viruses isolated from patients suffering from hepatitis and reporting to local hospitals. The ultimate objective would be to utilize this data generated in this study attempting to prepare vaccine against this virus.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1507,T] (1).
7.
Bioconversion Of Wheatbran To Glucose By Gluoamylase From Aspergillus Fumigatus
by Hassan Ali | Dr. Muhammad Tayyab | Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi | Dr. Asif Nadeem.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Background:
Glucose is produced by hydrolysis of starch. Many crops like maize, rice and wheat can be used as the source of starch. Wheat bran is an agricultural waste byproduct which can be converted to glucose using glucoamylase. Wheat bran is very cheap source for carbohydrates. It is mainly composed of carbohydrates; hemicelluloses, cellulose and starch. Glucoamylase is an enzyme that yields glucose from the nonreducing chain of amylose and amylopectin by hydrolyzing ? -1,3, ?-1, 4 and ?-1,6 linkages of starch. Glucoamylases are produced by plants, animals and microorganism. Microbes, including bacteria, yeast and fungi are major source for the production of glucoamylases. Aspergillus fumigatus is found in soil and in decaying organic matter and it has an essential role in carbon and nitrogen recycling.
Hypothesis: A. fumgiatus might be a good source for the production of glucoamylase through submerged fermentation conditions.
Parameters/Methodlogy: Aspergillus fumigatus was identified macro and microscopically. Enzyme production was measured by DNS method. The effects of different sources of carbon, phosphorous and nitrogen on glucoamylase production were also examined. In order to get the optimum production of glucoamylase, the effect of temperature, pH and incubation period was analysed separately.
Methodology: Initially the A. fumigatus was isolated and conditions were optimized for the growth and production of glucoamylase. Production of enzyme was examined by DNS method. The effects of various carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous sources were examined on the production of glucoamylase. From the present study it was concluded that maximum production of glucoamylase can be obtained from A. fumigatus using wheat bran as the substrate at pH of 4.8, temperature of 40oC with an incubation time of three days.The use of wheat bran as substrate wheat bran for the production of glucoamylase will reduce the cost for the production of glucoamylase.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1509,T] (1).
8.
Bioconversion of Agriculture Waste to Lysine with UV Mutated Strain of Brevibacterium Flavum and ItsBiological Evaluation in Broiler Chicks.
by Alia Tabassum | Ms. Faiza Masood | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Dr. Muhammad Tayyab.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1530,T] (1).
9.
Identification Of Polymorphism In Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma Co-Activator Alpha And its Effect on Milk Yied in Sahiwal Cattle
by Farheen Iqbal | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Ms. Faiza | Ms. Maryam Javed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Background: PPARGC1A is also known as PCG1A gene. PPARGC1A has a key function in activating a variety of nuclear hormone receptors and transcription factors regulating energy homeostasis. It is also involved in adaptive thermogenesis, oxidative metabolism, adipogenesis, and gluconeogenesis. The bovine peroxisome proliferators activated receptor-? co activator 1-alpha (PPARGC1A) gene is associated with a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for milk fat yield.
Hypothesis: It is hypothesized that PPARGC1A gene has genetic association with milk production traits and can be used as molecular marker.
Parameters/ Methodology: 50 Blood samples of unrelated true representative were collected from two Government livestock farms. DNA will be extracted and amplification of the PPARGC1A exonic region was performed with specially designed primers. Sequencing of the PCR products was performed on ABI genetic analyzer.
Statistical Design: Analysis of the sequences was done with the help of various bioinformatics software such as Chromas (2.1), Clustal W and MEGA (4.1) to identify the polymorphism. Statistical analysis was done by using SNPator software to find the relation of identified polymorphism with milk yield.
Conclusion: This study helped in contributing the more milk yield in cattle breeds. Furthermore it will improve the understanding about polymorphism association with milk yield of the cattle.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1584,T] (1).
10.
Decolorization And Degradation Of Azo Dyes In Textile Effluent By Candida Tropicalis
by Urooj Chaudhry | Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Ms. Asma Waris.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Azo dyes are synthetic organic compounds widely used in the textile, paper, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and food industries. It consist of one or more azo bonds (-N=N-) associated with one or more aromatic systems. Studies indicate that these dyes are toxic, harmful to the environment and form carcinogenic and/or mutagenic aromatic amines. These are not readily biodegradable in textile effluent treatment.
To decolorize and degrade the textile industry dye effluents by treatment with microorganism Candida tropicalis (yeast) to an extent to make it least harmful to the water habitat and also to make fit for irrigation purposes. The influencing parameters that affect the percentage of decolorization rates are optimized in still culture fermentation. Spectrophotometric analysis method was used to estimate decolorization of textile effluent at its?max 390 nm. The optimal values of parameters such as effluent to water ratio, fermentation time and pH and carbon to nitrogen ratio are found to be 1:5, 72 hours, 6.0and 1:1.72 respectively. The concentration of ionic saltof CaCl2 was also optimized for maximum decolorizationand optimized concentration was 0.15% for Candida tropicalisrespectively. The decolorization of effluent was carried out on large scale in a flask of 2.5 L by applying the predetermined optimum levels. In this case the maximum percent of decolorization of the effluent was found to 80.34% with Candida tropicalis.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1629,T] (1).
11.
Molecular Study Of Apolipoprotein E Gene In Hypercholesterolemic Families
by Nasir Ali | Mr. Akhtar Ali | Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi | Dr. Asif Nadeem.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1630,T] (1).
12.
Evaluation Of The Detoxification Potential Of Lactic Acid Bacteria From Curd And Whey Against Ochratoxin A In Broiler
by Afshan shabbir | Ms Huma Mujahid | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Dr. Muhammad Tayyab.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1657,T] (1).
13.
Genetic Effect of Stearoyl-Coenzyme a Desaturase (SCD) Gene Polymorphism on Milk Production in Sahiwal Cattle Proulation
by Salman Randhawa | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Ms. Asma | Ms. Maryam Javed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: The importance of livestock sector in the economy of Pakistan can be elucidated from the fact that it contributed 11.4% to the national GDP during year 2012-13. In term of retail value milk is at the top among all livestock products. Milk is quantitative polygenic trait. The SCD gene is a potential candidate gene for milk production trait, positioned at chromosome 26q21. This gene is significantly associated with milk production. The characterization of bovine SCD gene has helped us to screen the animals at their early age and can be assigned as milk production marker. The aim of the current study was to identify the single nucleotide polymorphism in coding region of SCD gene and to find its association with milk production trait. Fifty blood samples of Sahiwal cattle breeds were collected from livestock farms as RCCSC. DNA was extracted by inorganic method and products were precipitated and sequenced for analysis. Analysis of the sequence is done with help of bioinformatics software FinchTV software and Bioedit Software (http://www.mbio.ncsu.edu/bioedit.html) to identify the polymorphism. Total 6coding regions of SCD gene were amplified with specially designed primers. The amplified PCR polymorphic sites were observed in coding region. A Bioinformatics analysis was performed with the help of "SNPator" software to find the relation of identified polymorphism with milk production. Significant effect of polymorphisms in bovine SCD gene and association was found with milk yield in Sahiwal cattle breed. These polymorphisms may serve as powerful genetic source for the development of DNA markers that can be used for the selection of high milk producing animals for different cattle breeds.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1730,T] (1).
14.
Genetic Effect Of B-1, 4 Galactosyltransferase-I Gene Polymorphism On Milk Quality In Nili Ravi Buffalo
by Aamir Sohail | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi | Mr. Akhtar Ali.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1820,T] (1).
15.
Effects Of Supplementation Of Catharanthus Roseus And Probiotic On Hematologica Profile And Immune
by Shumaila Zia | Prof. Dr. Ijaz Ahmad | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Background: The drugs which are used for curing diabetes caused adverse effects and complications to liver and kidney functions. Besides the side effects of drugs, no drug completely maintained and controlled the complications of diabetes. Due to the undesired side effects and partially compensatory treatments for metabolic disorders demands to formulate latest plant based therapies for the treatment of diabetes. There is also a need to establish the treatment which avoids the use of insulin injection.
C. roseus possessed anti-microbial, antifungal, antioxidant, anticancer antiviral and anti-hyperglycemic activities. The present study will be conducted to evaluate the change in hematological parameters and immunological response by the administration of aqueous extract of C. roseus leaves and probiotic in AIDR.
Hypothesis: It was assumed that aqueous extract of C. roseus and probiotic would improve the hematological profile and stimulate the immune response in diabetic rats.
Methodology: Twenty adult healthy rats (weighing 164-278g) were selected for experimental study. The rats were housed in clean metallic cages and divided in to four groups A, B, C and D. Five male rats were kept in Group A and B separately. Four female rats were kept in Group B and C separately. All the rats in each group is weighed and labeled. Rats were kept maintained under control environmental conditions of 24±5 ºC with 40-50% humidity, 12 hours light and dark photoperiod. Animals had free access to standard diet and water for the experimental trial of 21 days. Animal were fed with plane diet no. 25 used for rodents. Alloxan was used as a diabetogenic compound in a single dose of 150 mg/kg BW. Rats were fasted for12 hours, allowing only water access prior to the alloxan injection. After the estimation of fasting blood glucose the rats were rendered diabetic by injecting freshly prepared solution of alloxan (dissolving 600mg alloxan/ 4ml physiological saline) according to average body weight of each group which was calculated earlier. After 4 days of alloxan injection blood samples were obtained from tail vein of rat and hyperglycemia was confirmed by measuring fasting blood glucose level with glucometer. Rats with fasting blood glucose level higher than 150 mg/dl were considered as diabetic and used for further studies in present investigation. Blood samples were collected from the rats after 21 days of experimental trial. Rats were anaesthetized with chloroform in glass desiccators and blood sample was obtained through cardiac puncture using hypodermic needle and syringe. Blood samples were collected in EDTA containing vacutanors labeled with groups. 1.0 micro liter blood was separated from each group blood samples for the estimation of hematological parameters. Blood samples were then centrifuged at 3500 x g for 10 minutes to separate serum. Collected serum samples were then stored in labeled eppendrof at -20OC for further serological analysis.
Results: In our study the feed intake was not significantly influenced in treatment groups. But the body weights were significantly different in treatment groups as compared to treatment group. In blood biochemical analysis it was revealed that serum total protein level was significantly increased in group B and group C. Whereas serum albumin concentrations were not vary significantly among groups. However serum globulin level showed a trend towards significancy. The hematologic parameters were not affected by C. roseus and probiotic supplementation alone or in combination. The skin response to DNCB challenge also did not show significant results, which indicated that immune response was not varying among groups.
Conclusion: It is concluded from the results of present investigation that C. roseus and probiotic alone or in combination improved the body weight abnormality associated with diabetes but did not affect the feed intake. C. roseus was more effective in relation to body weight changes. However, C. roseus and probiotic both significantly increased the serum total protein and albumin level. Furthermore there were no significant effects showed by C. roseus and probiotic on immune response.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1840,T] (1).
16.
Molecular Diversity And Multiplex Genotyping Of Camel (Camelus Dromedarius) Breeds Of The Punjab Using Microsatellite Markers
by Fiaz hussain | Dr. Tanveer hissain | Dr. Asif nadeem | Dr. Muti-ur-rahman.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1947,T] (1).
17.
Assesment Of Diacylglycerol-Acyltransferase-1 Gene Polymorphisms In Nili Ravi Buffalo For Milk Production Trait
by Muhammad Amir zaib khan | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Dr. Abu saeed | DR. Tanveer hussain.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1966,T] (1).
18.
Comparative Study Of Dust Prints Preserved By Electrostatic Dust Print Lifter (Edpl) Tape Lifting And Digital
by Afreen laeeque | Ms.Maryam javed | DR. Asif nadeem | Ms. Faiza.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1973,T] (1).
19.
Exploration Of Ctsper1 Gene Polymorphism Associated With Sperm Motility As A Measure Of Bull Fertility
by Muhammad muaaz aslam | Dr. Asif nadeem | Ms. Maryam javed | Ms. Shagufta.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1984,T] (1).
20.
Molecular Characterization Of Oxytocin Gene (Oxt) To Identify Novel Polymorphesns Controlling Silent Estrus Behavior in Nili-ravi Buffalo
by Madiha iqbal | Ms. Maryam javed | Dr. Asif nadeem | Ms. Fiza massood.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1986,T] (1).
21.
Determination Of Residual Contents Of Pesticide Using Chromatographic Techniques In Rice Samples From Different Geograohical Regions of Punjab
by Abubakar imran | Dr. Tanveer hussain | Dr. Asif nadeem | Ms. Shagufta saeed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2017,T] (1).
22.
Systematic And Integrated Analysis Of Bovine Mammary Gland Genes To Exokire Mastitis Resistant Genes
by Iqra Mahmood | Dr. Asif nadeem | Ms. Aisha | Ms. Sehrish firyal.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2023,T] (1).
23.
Biologigal Biochemical And Histopathological Responses Of Rats Fed With Detoxified Jatropha Curcas Seed Meal
by Sunnia Sharif | Ms. Faiza masood | Dr. Abu saeed hashmi | Dr. Asif nadeem.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2063,T] (1).
24.
Molecular Genetic Study Of Oculocutaneous Albinism In Pakistani Population
by Sajjad ali shah | Prof. Dr. Masroor ellahi babar | Dr. Asif nadeem | Dr. Muhammad Tayyeb.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2080,T] (1).
25.
Allelic Frequency Of Short Tandem Repeats Repeats Loci In Saraiki Population Of Punjab Pakistan
by Aeman jeelani | DR. Asif Nadeem | Ms. Huma | Ms. Maryam Javed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2087,T] (1).
26.
Lvistmsa: Interactive Visual Tools For Multiple Sequence Alignments
by Muhammad Tariq Pervez | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Prof. Dr. Masroor Ellahi Babar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2140,T] (1).
27.
Delignification Of Rice Husk By Organic Solvent Treatment To Increase It’s In Vitro Digestibility
by Awais Alam (2012-VA-604) | Dr. AbuSaeed Hashmi | Miss Huma Mujahid | Dr. Asif Nadeem.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: The major constituent of plant cell wall is lignocellulose. Plant biomass mostly consist of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin alongside little measures of pectin, protein, extractives (dissolvable nonstructural materials, for example, sugars, nitrogenous material, chlorophyll, waxes) and ash. Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant organic material in nature. There is an expected yearly overall production of 10–50 billion dry tons representing about 50% of the worldwide biomass yield (Parveen et al. 2009).
Numerous physicochemical, structural and compositional variables decrease the digestibility of cellulose present in lignocellulosic material. So a treatment is required to increase the digestibility of lignocellulose biomass by exposing the cellulose present in plant fibers. Different techniques have been utilized for treatment, including chemical treatment, ammonia fiber explosion, biological treatment and steam explosion to modify the cellulosic structure to increase the availability of cellulose for digestion (Haoran et al. 2013). At that point, acids, bases and enzymes might be utilized to break down the cellulose into its respective sugars. Cellulolytic enzymesare broadly used to break down cellulose into its constituent sugars.
Among various agricultural wastes a broadly available waste is Rice husk (RH) which is rich in lignocellulosic material. Internationally, roughly 600 million tons of rice paddy is delivered every year. By and large 20% of the rice paddy is husk, giving a yearly aggregate generation of 120 million tons (Abbas et al. 2010). Pakistan is a rice producing country a great part of the husk produced from processing of rice is either blazed or dumped as waste. Rice husk yield in Pakistan is more than 1780 thousand tons every year (Asif et al. 2013).
Rice husk produced during rice refining, makes disposal issue because of less business interest. Additionally, handling and transportation of RH is hazardous because of its low density. Rice husk ash (RHA) is an incredible environmental risk bringing about harm to land and encompassing range here it is dumped. Thus, business utilization of rice husk and its ash is the option answer for disposal problem (Dilip et al. 2014).
RH are essentially made up of lignocellulose (60wt. %) and silica (11wt. %). The greater part of past investigations concentrated on the preparation of silica or other silicon based materials from RH, while the lignocellulose in RH was mostly glazed and then wasted. Thus, a methodology for comprehensive usage of RH has been produced to expand its digestibility by the breakdown of lignocellulosic mass. (Ajay et al. 2012)
Numerous techniques have been adopted for treating lignocellulosic feedstocks. However just a few of them appear to be encouraging. These treatment techniques include dilute acid treatment, steam blast (CO2 blast), pH controlled water treatment, ammonia fiber expension, ammonia recycle percolation (ARP) and lime treatment. Some survey articles have been appeared for microbial biomass treatment. But the present study gave presentations on organosolv treatment process. Despite the fact that organosolv treatment is more expensive at present than the leading treatment forms, it can give some significant side products. It appears that organosolv treatment is more practical for biorefinery of lignocellulosic biomass which considers the usage of every bit of biomass parts. An essential streamlining and usage of side products may lead the organosolv treatment to be a guaranteeing one for bio refining lignocellulosic feedstock in future. Organosolv treatment yields three different parts: dry lignin, a watery hemicellulose stream and a moderately pure cellulose division (Xuebing et al. 2009).
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2230-T] (1).
28.
Sequence Analysis Of Mitochondrial Atpase 8/6 Gene Variants In Equine
by Kashif Hameed Anjum (2012-VA-905) | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Mr.Maryam Javed | Dr. Muhammad Tayyab.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Human has been using horses for doing different jobs like transportation, hunts, carrying loads, warfare and sports (Zhang et al. 2012). In Pakistan, horses and donkeys are mostly used for transportation whilehorses are also used for racing and playing games like polo.There are two main types of horses:Equuscaballusare domesticated horses and Equusferus are the wild horses. There are more than 300 breeds of horses in the world today (Barbara and Dafydd, 2007). The horse population is estimated as 0.32 million and has been decreasing over the years in Pakistan. Main breeds of horses that are found all over the Pakistan are Kajlan, Kakka, Balochi, Morna, Shien, Anmol, Makra, Pak-thoroughbred,Heerzaiand Waziri (Khan, 2004).
Seventy percent of the population earns living from the land. Agriculture contributes nearly 21% to gross domestic product and generates 43% of all jobs. Over 30 million people in rural areas derive their livelihood from livestock production. The number of impoverished communities moving from the country to find work in Pakistan’s towns and cities is rising. Many of these people rely on working equine animals to earn a living.
Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes are frequently used in animal genetic research. Nuclear genomeis generally a huge and complicated molecule and is not well studied in many species. However mitochondrial DNA being small sized and having high mutation rate is used frequently for the purpose of genetic research (Stanley et al. 1994). Characteristic of having fast evolution rate as compared to nuclear DNA makes mitochondrial genes a good tool for genetic studies (Avise, 1994).
Several studies have investigated the genetic relationship among horse and donkey breeds using mitochondrial sequences as a marker for breed characterization and phylogenetic. Each mitochondrion contains its own circular DNA, replication, transcription and translation machinery and serves as semi-autonomous organelle. Mitochondria perform so many important functions in our body like metabolism(oxidative phosphorylation), apoptosis and aging(Weinberg, 2007).
The advent ofpolymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing techniques with the use of mtDNA as a phylogenetic marker has been extended to much greater levels of phylogenetic inclusiveness (Zardoya and Meyer,1996). The special features of mtDNAi-e,lack of introns, maternal inheritance, absence of recombination events and haploidy have made it the most common type of sequence information used to estimate phylogenies among both closely and distantly related texa(Meyer, 1993).
Four of the five mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, namely C1, C3, C4 and C5 (ATP synthase) contain subunits encoded by mitochondrial DNA (Kadenbach, 2012). ATP synthase (Complex5) functions to make ATP that is used by the cell (Von et al. 2009). ATP synthasecomprisesan integral membrane cylindrical, the F0 particle and a peripheral matrix-facing F1 particle, the catalytic ATP synthase domain (Boyer, 1997). All aerobically respiring organisms possess ATP synthase enzymes and are located inthe cell membrane in prokaryotes, the mitochondrial inner membrane in eukaryotes and the chloroplast thylakoid membrane (Ackerman and Tzagoloff, 2005). This enzyme is responsible for the final step of oxidative phosphorylation. The protons move down their concentration gradient from inter membrane space to matrix through F0 particle while F1particleuses the energy provided by influx of these protons and converts ADP molecule into ATP. ATPase 6 and ATPase 8 proteins are components of F0 particle where they play direct role in maintaining the structure and function of ATP synthase (complex 5). All five subunits of F1 and most of the F0 subunits are nuclear encoded(Collinson et al. 1996). Only two proteins i-e, ATPase 6 and ATPase 8 are encoded by mtDNA (Boyer, 1993).
The present study is designed to investigate the diversity and phylogenetic analysis of Thoroughbred Pakistani horse and donkey breeds on the basis of ATPase 6 and ATPase 8 genes.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2236-T] (1).
29.
Mutation Analysis Of Alpha-Synuclein Gene In Patients With Parkinson Disease
by Iffat Aleem (2009-VA-566) | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Prof. Dr. Tahir Yaqub | Ms. Huma Mujahid.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Parkinson disease is a complex, heterogeneous and chronic neurodegenerative disorder with a cumulative prevalence of greater than one per thousand, caused by neuronal loss, mainly affecting dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. Parkinson disease is an idiopathic disorder of the extra pyramidal system characterized by tremors. Genetic factors contribute to its complex pathogenesis. A functional repeat polymorphism in the α-synuclein (SNCA) gene promoter conveys susceptibility for Parkinson disease. The α-synuclein (SNCA) has been implicated in rare autosomal dominant forms of Parkinson disease. The mutations in α-synuclein were associated with severe disease progression and a typical physical signs, indicative of neuro degeneration extending beyond the substantia nigra. Mutation in α-synuclein gene may have association with dopaminergic neuronal loss in Parkinson disease. Blood samples were collected from Parkinson disease patients. DNA was extracted by organic method. Primers were designed using Primer3 software. Amplification of gene was done by Polymerase Chain Reaction. PCR products were sequenced bi-directionally on ABI 3130XL Genetic analyzer. Sequence alignment was performed for polymorphism identification. The analysis of identified polymorphism has been done by CHROMAS software. Sequences were aligned by BLAST tool of NCBI. The results of analysis showed that no mutation found in exonic region of α-synuclein (SNCA) gene in Pakistani individuals selected for this study. Any change in exonic region of α-synuclein (SNCA) gene is a rare cause of sporadic and familial Parkinson disease in different populations. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2325-T] (1).
30.
Polymorphism Of The Slc11a1 Gene Associated With Resistance To Bovine Tuberculosis.
by Qamar Raza Qadri (2009-VA-569) | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Dr. Tahir Yaqoob | Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Bovine Tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis is a health threat to
livestock. Information on genetic resistance or susceptibility because of polymorphisms of
candidate genes could be used in making selection decisions. Solute carrier family 11 (protoncoupled
divalent metal ion transporters), member 1 gene (SLC11A1), is a known candidate gene
which is associated with natural resistance to infection by Mycobaterium spp in buffalo.
Polymorphism in this gene can be studied for breeding disease resistance animals. Blood samples
were collected from Nili Ravi buffalo breed of Pakistan. DNA was extracted by organic method.
Primers were designed using Primer3 software. Amplification of gene was done by Polymerase
Chain Reaction. PCR products were sequenced bi-directionally on ABI 3130XL Genetic
analyzer. Sequence alignment was performed for polymorphism identification. The analysis of
identified polymorphism has been done by CHROMAS software. Sequences were aligned by
BLAST tool of NCBI. The results of analysis showed that no polymorphisms were identified in
exonic region of gene. This might be due to less sample size. Genetics play important role in
fighting against pathogens. Identifying the genes involved can lead to marker-assisted selection
strategies. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2332-T] (1).
31.
Mutation Anlysis Of DTNBP1 Gene In Pakistani Patients With Schizophrenia Disorder
by Hafiza Sidrah Yasin (2013-VA-11) | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Dr. Maryam Javed | Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Schizophrenia (SCZ) disorder is a mental complex, heterogeneous and chronic neurodegenerative disorder with a cumulative prevalence of 1%. SCZ is an idiopathic disorder of the cortex and hippocampus. Environmental as well as genetic factors contribute to its complex pathogenesis. A functional repeat polymorphism in the Dystrobrevin Binding Protein 1 (DTNBP1) gene promoter conveys susceptibility for SCZ disorder. The DTNBP1 has been implicated in rare autosomal dominant forms of SCZ disorder because of mutations associated with severe disease progression and a typical physical signs and symptoms, indicative of neurodegeneration. Mutation in DTNBP1 gene has association with change in dysbindin protein which leads to change in abnormal neurotransmitter trafficking which leads to decrease in neuronal size, brain atrophy and reduced glutamate release in schizophrenia disorder. A systematic approach was applied to proceed the present study in order to identify the single nucleotides polymorphisms in schizophrenic patients. Blood samples (n=40) were collected from schizophrenia disorder patients. DNA was extracted by organic method. Primers were designed using Primer3 software. The amplification of gene was done by Polymerase Chain Reaction. PCR products were sequenced bi-directionally on ABI 3130XL Genetic analyzer. Sequence alignment was performed for polymorphism identification. The analysis of identified polymorphism was done by CHROMAS software. Sequence was aligned by Blast tool of NCBI. Difference between allele and genotype frequency of studied gene was evaluated and analyzed by using “SNPator”. The present study provides information about the susceptibility and genetic basis of the individual towards this disease and identified polymorphisms provides the opportunity to diagnose the disease earlier on the basis of particular SNPs in Pakistani patients. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2382-T] (1).
32.
Polymorphism Study Of Calcium-Sensing Receptor Gene (Casr)In Calcium Nephrolithiasis Affected Families
by Hafza Ammara (2013-VA-865) | Dr. Muhammad YasirZahoor | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Ms. Huma Mujahid.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Nephrolithiasis is a multi-factorial kidney stone disease resulting from the combined influence of epidemiological, biochemical and genetic risk factors. Calcium-sensing receptorprotien is plasma membrane G protein-coupled receptors that regulate secretion of parathyroid hormoneand calcium re-absorption by kidney tubular cells. This protienis able to sense small changes in circulating calcium concentration and, once activated, it inhibits parathyroid hormone secretion and renal tubule calcium re-absorption. The CaSR gene protein islocated on chromosome 3q13 is one of the candidate gene explaining individual predispositions to calcium nephrolithiasis. CaSR gene is a predecessor for nephrolithiasis due to its role in calcium re-absorption. CaSRgene has seven exons and several mutations have been reported globally related to calcium nephrolithiasis.
Twenty families affected with calcium nephrolithiasis having at least two affected individuals have been enrolled for this study. Ten families have already been analyzed for exon 3 & 4 in the laboratory. DNA has been extracted through inorganic extraction method from the blood of newly enrolled families. Primers have been designed for exon 5, 6 and 7 through Primer3 software. These exons have been sequenced using the BigDye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Ready Reaction Kit (Perkin Elmer/ABI) and have been read in an automated sequencer, ABI Prism model 3730 (Perkin Elmer).
We also screend the coding exon of CLDN14 genewhich is a membrane protein that regulates paracellular passage of ions and small solutesat epithelial tight junction.The overexpression of claudin-14 in the thick ascending limb of loop of henleof the kidney generates a renal phenotype characteristic with hypomagnesemiaand hypercalciuria that leads to the development of calcium nephrolithiasis.
All of the sequences have been evaluated by using Clustal-W programs, Chromas and Bioedit software for mutational analysis.Sequence analysis of CaSR gene revealed one novel splice mutationC>G at position 63722 at exon 5 in one affected family.This variation is found in the intronic region of the gene.We found one missense mutation Q536R at exon six in three different affected families. And one synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) C>G found at exon 7at rs2036400 in six different affected families.These SNPs showsa significant association of CaSRgene with nephrolithiasis. It will help to determine the risk factor and role of CaSR gene in inheritance of calcium nephrolithiasis. And it will also be used for genetic screening and prenatal diagnosis.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2426-T] (1).
33.
Nucleotide Sequence Variation In Heat Shock Protein 70-1 Gene Of Capra Aegagrus Blythi
by Fehmeeda Fatima (2014-VA-775) | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Dr. Maryam Javed | Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) plays a vital role in survival of an organism by providing
cytoprotection against various kinds of stresses. Among all the HSPs present in the cell, the
ubiquitous HSP 70 proteins are the most abundant and temperature sensitive. Considering the
importance of HSP70-1 gene in conferring thermotolerance, present study has been designed to
characterize this gene in Sindh ibex which is a wild goat species of Pakistan. The
characterization of HSP70 gene might be helpful for deriving phylogenetic relationship among
different species and identifying new functions among the related species. Blood/meat samples
(n=25) were collected from Kirthar national park, Sindh. Standard DNA extraction method was
used for DNA extraction. PCR primers were designed by Primer3 software and amplification of
gene was done by Polymerase Chain Reaction. PCR product was sequenced bi-directionally by
Big DyeTM Terminator on ABI 3130XL Genetic Analyzer. Multiple sequence alignment was
performed for polymorphism identification. Genetic diversity was calculated by using DnaSP
v.5.0. Phylogenetic analysis using the MEGA v.6.0 software package was performed and
neighbor joining and UPGM trees were constructed. The results indicated that Sindh ibex
HSP70.1 gene was highly similar to of domestic goat, sheep, cattle, buffalo, camel and horse
which indicates their origin from a common ancestor. The results of this data might be helpful in
designing effective conservation strategies for Sindh ibex. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2524-T] (1).
34.
Molecular Exploration Of Zinc Finger Bed-Type Containing 6 Gene For Growth Trait In Beetal Goat
by Kanwal Rashid (2014-VA-496) | Dr. Maryam Javed | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Zinc finger, BED-type containing 6 (ZBED6), is a novel transcription factor.It acts as a repressor of IGF2 transcription in skeletal muscle myogenesis and development. it is mainly involved in organism development, signaling, cell to cell interaction, hepatic fibrosis, clathrin mediated endocytosis and tight junction signaling cascades. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing using C2C12 cells identified about 2,500 ZBED6 binding sites in the genome, and the deduced consensus motif gave a perfect match with the established binding site in Igf2. Silencing of Zbed6 in myoblast cells affect Igf2 expression, cell proliferation, wound healing, and myotube formation. Genes associated with ZBED6 binding sites showed a highly significant enrichment for certain Gene Ontology classifications, including development and transcriptional regulation.Functional and signaling assays of BED6 gene indicate its probable role in controlling growth traits in Goat. Blood samples (n = 40) were collected. Inorganic method of DNA extraction used. Primers for PCR amplification will be designed using Primer3 software. PCR products will be sequenced bi-directionally on ABI 3130XL Genetic analyzer. The results of sequencing were analyzed using CHROMAS software. Sequence alignment tools (blast 2)were used for SNPs identification. Difference between allele and genotype frequency of studied gene evaluated by chi square test, likelihood test and analysis was done by POPGENE and one way ANOVA.Novel Variations identified which have probable implementation in selection of superior goats with higher tendencies towards weight gain. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2554-T] (1).
35.
Molecular Phylogeny And Diversity Analysis Of Bovidae (Boselaphus Tragocamelus, Antilope Cervicapra) And Cervidae (Axis Axis, Axis Porcinus) In Pakistan
by Ghulam Abbas (2011-VA-748) | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Prof. Dr. Mansoor Ellahi Babar | Dr. Muhammad Tayyab.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Many species of mammals have declined within the past two centuries due to human
caused disturbances and the unsustainable use of natural resources. Molecular methods have an
important role in phylogeny and diversity analysis. The present study was designed for diversity
analysis of Boselaphus tragocamelus & Antelope cervicapra (Bovidae) and Axis axis & Axis
porcinus (Cervidae) family in Pakistan. A total of 25 samples from each of the four species were
collected from different parks, zoos and natural habitats. DNA was extracted, PCR primers were
designed and cytochrome-b, cytochrome-c gene and d-loop regions were amplified by PCR.
PCR products were sequenced bi-directionally by Big DyeTM Terminator. Bioinformatics tools,
Blast 2 sequences, Clustal-W, MEGA-6, Bioconductor in “R” were applied for analysis. The
clustering of the samples indicates that each species contains less within-population genetic
variability. Same pattern was observed when sequence of three genes was combined and MDS
plot was constructed. Phylogenetic analysis of the gene sequences revealed that each species
comprised a clade that is clearly distinct from the clade comprised of other species of deer
selected for this study. Finding of this study indicated that these species of deer have significant
genetic variations among-species that differentiate them from each other. This is the first report
from our region. The information of selected species of deer is prerequisite for designing
effective strategy in future conservation practices. However further genomic investigations
should be carried out at larger scale. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2560-T] (1).
36.
Molecular Investigation Of Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Gene Causing Familial Hypercholesterolemia And Its Evolutionary Relationship With Pan Troglodytes
by Rida Zainab (2014-VA-808) | Dr. Maryam Javed | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Prof. Dr. Tahir Yaqub.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) phenotype is related to improper metabolism of low density lipoproteins due to mutations in Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene with increased risk of ischemic heart disease. Genetic variants in LDLR gene are associated with defective catabolism of cholesterol effecting lipid metabolism which results in familial hypercholesterolemia. It occurs in both forms: Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia.
Patients having high cholesterol were identified by observing the values of their serum lipid profile test reports. Their detailed history was taken and blood samples from the identified patients of familial hypercholesterolemia were collected. DNA extraction was done by Organic method. Primers were synthesized and PCR was conducted using optimized recipe and conditions. PCR products were sequenced.
Sequenced data was analyzed using Chromas or BioEdit software. BLAST was performed and sequences were aligned individually by comparing it to the reference sequence. This showed difference in any specific position of a mutated sequence against the reference sequence. CLUSTALW aligned all the sequences together in one time. Sequences were compared with reference sequence to detect the presence of any mutation or SNPs.
SNPs were identified manually and the peaks were observed in order to determine if the genotype is heterozygous or homozygous. Statistical Analysis was done and any amino acid change due to the observed SNPs was determined by using Expasy Translate Tool. It was found that both the SNPs showed amino acid changes. In the end, homology analysis was done which showed that Homo sapiens had their LDLR gene closest to that of Gorilla gorilla gorilla. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2551-T] (1).
37.
Sequence Analysis Of Violent Behavior Gene Among Criminals
by Jawairia Akram (2010-VA-492) | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Dr. Muhammad Imran | Dr. Saadat Ali.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Violence is defined as uncontrolled emotions problem and is a reason of violent behavior among criminals. Violence is mostly physical towards other people. MAOA and MAOB are isozymes of monoamine oxidase. MAOA is associated with aggression and violence in criminals as it affects brain structure and function which ultimately causes violence and aggression MAOA gene present on mitochondrial outer membrane encodes monoamine oxidase that degrade neurotransmitters like dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine and nor epinephrine. An SNP (MAOA-LPR) in long promoter region of MAOA alters transcriptional activity of monoamine oxidase A and have two allelic forms MAOA-L and MAOA-H. MAOA-L is low activity allele and MAOA-H is high activity allele. Different research study suggested that MAOA-L is strongly associated with criminal activity in males. Aim of the study was to analyze the sequence of extreme violent behavior gene (MAOA) among criminals. Samples (n= 20) were collected from convicted offenders. Control samples (n=20) were collected from UVAS students. Organic method of DNA extraction was used. BPAQ (Buss and perry aggression questionnaire) was also filled by all the subjects included in the study. Primers for PCR amplification were designed using Primer3 software. PCR products were sequenced bi-directionally on ABI 3130XL Genetic analyzer. Results of sequencing were analyzed using CHROMAS software. Sequence alignment tool like BLAST (Basic local alignment search tool) was used for SNPs identification. 3 intronic and 1 exonic SNPs were observed and confirmed by BLAST. Exonic SNP gave significant p values computed by Chi square calculator. However, intronic SNPs were not significant according to chi square test. SNPs identified were not found to be associated with self-reported aggression. SNP observed in exon 14 is reported to be involved in psychiatric and depressive disorders. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2566-T] (1).
38.
Sequence Analysis Of Mitochondrial Atpase 8/6 Gene Variants In Sindh Ibex (Capra Aegagrus Blythi)
by Javeria Zafar (2014-VA-222) | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Dr. Maryam Javed | Prof. Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: ATPase 8/6 gene plays a vital role in survival of an organism by generating energy in the form of ATP synthase. Considering the importance of ATPase8/6 gene in energy generating, present study has been designed to characterize this gene in Sindh ibex. The characterization of ATPase8/6 gene might be helpful for deriving phylogenetic relationship among different species and identifying new functions among the related species. Tissue/blood samples (n=15) were collected from Kirthar National Park, Sindh. Standard DNA extraction method was used for DNA extraction. PCR primers were designed by Primer3 software and amplification of gene was done by Polymerase Chain Reaction. PCR product was sequenced bi-directionally by Big Dye TM Terminator on ABI 3130XL Genetic Analyzer. Multiple sequence alignment was performed for polymorphism identification. Genetic diversity was calculated by using DNAsp. Phylogenetic analysis using the MEGA6 software package and an equally weighted maximum parsimony analysis was performed using the close-neighbor-interchange algorithm. The results indicated that Sindh ibex ATPase8/6 gene was highly similar to Capra caucasica. The results of this data might be helpful in designing effective conservation strategies of different species of wild animal. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2587-T] (1).
39.
Genetic Study Of Height Related Gene Hmga2 As Externally Visible Characteristic Parameter In Pakistani Population For Forensic Application
by Maryam Aslam (2014-VA-811) | Dr. Sadaat Ali | Dr.M.Yasir Zahoor | Dr. Asif Nadeem.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Externally visible characteristics (EVCs) are the phenotypic characters of an individual such as body height, pigmentation (skin, eye and hair color) and facial features (eye shape, lip size, nose shape etc. EVCs are multifactorial complex traits and it is the interaction of several genes among themselves and the environment that define the phenotype. DNA phenotyping is the use of genetic information such as DNA to determine a phenotype. It helps forensic investigator to predict the physical appearance of an individual to find unknown perpetrators or to identify missing persons using molecular analyses from biological samples in cases where all other means of inquiry, including conventional DNA profiling are non-informative.
Genome-wide association studies, linkage analyses, candidate gene studies, animal (knock-out) studies and evolutionary genetic studies resulted in the identification of a number of DNA markers that are associated with human appearance characteristics. These studies identified many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within DNA markers and adjacent DNA sequences, which are associated with variation in human appearance characteristics. By using PCR and SNP genotyping, SNPs associated with variation in human appearance characteristics can be used for human appearance predictions. Our study is aimed at establishment of hypothesis that variation in the 3'-UTR region of HMGA2 genes associated with the variations of height as an externally visible characteristics. Height is a classical polygenic trait that has provided general insights into the genetic architecture of common human traits. Human adult height is an important physical index to reflect the processes of growth and development. As a classic, polygenic quantitative trait, adult height is under strong genetic influence with heritability estimated up to 90%. HMGA2 is one of the major determinants of height and thus can be used as genetic marker for forensic identification.
Summary
62
In this study blood samples were collected from 30 males and 30 females categorized according to tall, average and short heights. A total of ten individuals were selected for each category. DNA of these individuals were extracted using organic extraction method. Extracted DNA was amplified using PCR with primers designed against 3'-UTR region of HMGA2 through Primer 3 software. Amplicons of 232 bp were sequenced by using Genetic analyser. CLUSTAL-W was used for sequence alignment that helps in identification of rs1042725 polymorphism in the 3'-UTR region of HMGA2 gene and other possible SNP‟s. Rs1042725 polymorphism in the 3'-UTR region of HMGA2 gene is marked by transition from C to T. Observed genotypic and allelic frequencies of tall, average and short heighted male and female was calculated and these genotypic and allelic frequencies were compared between different height ranges of male and female categories. Genotypic frequencies among the males were 0.03 for the CC genotype, 0.17 for the TT genotype and 0.8 for the CT genotype whereas genotypic frequencies among the females were 0.2 for the CC genotype, 0.36 for the TT genotype and 0.43 for the CT genotype. Allelic frequencies among the male were 0.43 for the C allele and 0.56 for the T allele whereas females have 0.42 for the C allele and 0.58 for the T allele. Genotypic frequencies among the tall males were 0 for the CC genotype, 0.2 for the TT genotype and 0.8 for the CT genotype whereas genotypic frequencies among the tall females were 0.2 for the CC genotype, 0.5 for the TT genotype and 0.3 for the CT genotype. Allelic frequencies among the tall male were 0.4 for the C allele and 0.6 for the T allele whereas tall females have 0.35 for the C allele and 0.65 for the T allele. Genotypic frequencies among the average males were 0 for the CC genotype, 0.2 for the TT genotype and 0.8 for the CT genotype whereas genotypic frequencies among the average females were 0.2 for the CC genotype, 0.2 for the TT genotype and 0.6 for the CT genotype. Allelic frequencies among the average heighted males were 0.4 for the C allele and 0.6 for the T allele whereas average females have 0.5 for the C allele and 0.5 for the T allele.
Summary
63
Genotypic frequencies among the short heighted males were 0.1 for CC genotype, 0.1 for the TT genotype and 0.8 for CT genotype whereas genotypic frequencies among the small females were 0.2 for the CC genotype, 0.4 for the TT genotype and 0.4 for the CT genotype. Allelic frequencies among the short heighted males were 0.5 for the C allele and 0.5 for the T allele whereas short heighted females have 0.4 for the C allele and 0.6 for the T allele. Genotypic and allelic frequencies among the tall, average and short heighted males and females were non-significant according to T-test at P-value (0.5) and level of significance (0.05). Also, by applying Chi square test it is concluded that there is no significant association of particular genotype with specific category of category of height group. Stastical analysis shows 0.67 P value which is greater than level of significance 0.05
Our study results were different with the study of (Hendriks et al., 2011) according to his study an rs1042725 single nucleotide polymorphism has been reported to be associated with the increase in the height amongst the individuals. Their study revealed that those individuals that carried the CC allele were tallest as compared to the individuals having the TT allele (Hendriks et al., 2011). Research to unravel the genetic basis of height , studies with many large sample groups from different parts of the world and prediction possibilities are recommended to develop an application for predicting human height on the basis of DNA. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2651-T] (1).
40.
Study Of Tyrosine Hydroxylase (Th) Gene Sequence Variations In Association With Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Thc) Dependence
by Ali Raza (2015-VA-446) | Dr. Maryam Javed | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Prof. Dr. Tahir Yaqub.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Anti-Social Personality Disorder (ASPD) is ability of an individual to adopt social norms. These ASPDs are driving force in majority of criminal activities. Dopamine being important neurotranmiter of nervous system controls major behavioral traits. Low level of dopamine can be causative factor for an individual to start drug abuse to restore it because majority of drug are proven to enhance dopamine production. In this study genetic exploration of genes coding for dopamine producing enzymes. Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) gene was selected and its two regions (Intron 1 and exon 3) were amplified and analyzed through Sanger’s sequencing method followed by statistical analysis.
Total five SNP were recorded at locus TH1, TH2, TH3, TH4, and TH5. One insertion, three transversion and only one mutation was transition. No exonic mutation was recorded hence no change in protein structure was found. Mutations at TH1 and TH4 were found to be highly associated with addiction. Mutant “B” allele were also present but still wild “A” was most common allele in our population. TH1, TH2, TH4 have positive correlation with addiction, TH3 is correlated with Nicotine and TH5 shown protective role against nicotine. There are few genetic changes in our population that can be associated with drug addiction statistically but still there prevalence in our gene pool is very low. We can conclude on the basis of these findings that drug addiction in our population is more likely a social issue rather than genetical.
Limitations of our research was sample size. There are further possibilities for this project to investigate on mRNA level. Advanced neurobiological techniques can also be applied on subjects to analyze dopamine level in different brain regions. For genetic studies epistatic role of few other genes can also be considered for validation. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2858-T] (1).
41.
Genetic Variation In The Promoter Region Of Pro Inflammatory Cytokine Tnf-Α Among Hiv Infected People In Lahore
by Shahid Nawaz (2015-VA-437) | Prof. Dr. Tahir Yaqub | Dr. Arfan Ahmed | Dr. Asif Nadeem.
Material type: Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Despite of the fact that HIV is one of the most studied virus of the present time, so far there is no legitimate cure for the treatment of HIV AIDS, and in most cases AIDS is often fatal. Immune response has always been vital to cope with any disease. In context of immune response TNF-α is mainly released by the macrophages as a pro inflammatory cytokine. Studies have shown that HIV infected persons have higher concentration of TNF-α released. A particular single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is observed at -308 position of the promoter region of TNF- α gene due to which TNF is categorized into TNF1 and TNF2 allele. TNF2 allele is associated with higher concentration of TNF- α which in turn is associated with HIV infection. In order to know the particular association in the population of Lahore we designed this study. The hypothesis was that SNP at -308 position of the TNF- α may be associated with HIV infection. Methodology was designed as follows: 15 HIV positive samples and 15 HIV negative samples were taken and categorized into group A and B respectively. Whole Blood samples were taken from the patients and subjected to DNA extraction using commercially available kit (Favorgen blood DNA mini extraction kit). Specific primers were used to amplify the particular region (-308) of TNF- α through PCR. A small amount of PCR products were subjected to restriction enzyme Ncol. Sequencing was done and the results were analyzed using specific bioinformatics tools such as NCBI. -308 region of the TNF-alpha was analyzed for the SNPs (TNF1 and TNF2). Collected data was analyzed through SPSS for association studies. Outcome could be as follows: The study is designed to identify SNPs at -308 position of the promoter region of TNF-α gene. It will enable us to understand the possible association between TNF- α and HIV AIDS. It will be the first ever study regarding TNF- α and AIDS in Pakistan. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2833-T] (1).
42.
Exploration Of Genetic Polymorphisms And Differential Expression Analysis Of Bovine Alpha-Lactalbumin And Osteopontin Genes Involved In Milk Composition
by Sidra Manzoor (2010-VA-92) | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Muhammad Imran | Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi.
Material type: Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Economically important traits of dairy animals are usually controlled by a large number of genes. The identification of the single nucleotide polymorphisms in potential genes has been associated with economically important traits. During lactation, mammary epithelial cells produced large amounts of specific milk proteins. Due to the expression sites, physiological properties and chromosomal localization, LALBA and SPP1 genes might be considered as candidate genes for milk composition in buffalo. Alpha-lactalbumin (LALBA) gene has been reported to be highly transcribed in transition and peak phase while late lactation exhibited its decline with progressive rise in SPP1 expression. This project was designed to investigate the effect of single nucleotide polymorphism that influencing the gene expression thus modulates the milk protein content in Nili Ravi. Samples of unrelated Nili-Ravi buffalo were collected from two Government, Buffalo Research Institute, Pattoki, and Livestock Production and Research Institute (LPRI) Bahadarnagar Okara, livestock farms. Milk samples were collected at 15, 90 and 250 days lactation for expression analysis. The genomic DNA was extracted by using the standard Phenol Chloroform Isoamyl alcohol (PCI) protocol. Specific set of primers was designed for the amplification of the LALBA and SPP1 genes. The amplified PCR products were sequenced for the identification of SNPs. To determine the differential expression of bovine LALBA and SPP1 genes, RNA was isolated from milk samples using the TRIzol reagent and converted it into cDNA. Taqman probes were used that are specifically designed to detect and target the DNA sequence. Five intronic polym orphic sites were identified in LALBA while exonic regions exhibited a complete homology with reference sequence. Additionally, eleven polymorphisms were identified in bovine SPP1 gene, six were in coding region and five were
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found in intronic portion of the gene. The analysis and correlation of all identified polymorphism was done by using SNPs data analysis software “SNPator”. Results obtained from expression study was stored in in-build software of Real Time PCR and Cycle threshold (Ct) values of LALBA and SPP1 mRNA were compared in individuals of Nili-Ravi buffalo to determine the variation in expression levels. The LALBA gene expression was observed highest in transition phase with a gradual decrease of expression in mid and late lactation. The sample, NR-5, was observed highly expressed (79.30) while NR-2 with low expression (19.28) for alpha lactalbumin in early lactation. The change in LALBA regulation at same stage was considered due to genetic variation of the respective animal. While the SPP1 gene expression was observed with the highest values in peak lactation and remains elevated in late lactation. NR-4 has the highest (72.27) expression among all mastitis free healthy animals while NR-2 was observed with low expression. Thus, the identified SNPs might be used as genetic marker for milk production traits. Gene expression patterns may also help us to understand the molecular mechanisms of bovine LALBA and SPP1 genes influencing milk composition. However, the expression of both genes was considered in a correlation with other genes involved in milk production pathway. Also, the mutational effects of other milk proteins might be involved in determining the expression pattern of both genes in selected animals. Therefore, further studies are likely to explore the regulation of milk protein genes and their translational efficiency during the course of lactation in dairy animals. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2830-T] (1).
43.
Study Of Arginine Vasopressin (Avp) As A Candidate Gene For Evaluating Silent Estrus Behavior In Nili-Ravi Buffalo
by Muhammad Danish Ahmad (2011-VA-464) | Dr.Maryam Javed | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Dr.Muhammad Zubair Shabir.
Material type: Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Buffalo is a major contributing animal in livestock and in Pakistan as an agrarian country its economy. Nili- Ravi buffalo also known as “Black Gold of Pakistan” has a high potential of productivity. But its production is often effected by certain reproductive disorders, out of which silent estrus behavior act as a major limiting factor for its production, as it is difficult to proper diagnose of silent estrus it result in low fertility and ultimately yield as low productivity in buffalo. There are a number of reasons involve in silent estrus behavior such as nutrition, environment and genetics. Estrus is a polygenic trait and according to a report about 269 genes are involve in estrus. One of the major effecting gene on estrus is Arginine Vasopressin (AVP), produced by hypothalamus and released by posterior pituitary lobe. Along with a number of role in body it influences the Social behavior neural network, located in limbic system and produce the responses like sexual arousal, partner pairing, mating process and social dominancy. So the AVP accounted as a potential candidate gene for study the silent estrus behavior in Nili-Ravi buffalo. The basic aim to conduct the present study was to identify the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in exonic region of AVP gene and find their association to the silent estrus trait. Fifty samples in blood form of Nili-Ravi Buffalo was taken from B-block research forms UVAS, Ravi campus and Buffalo Research Institute (BRI) Pattoki. DNA was extracted using Phenol Chloroform Iso-amyl alcohol (PCI) based method, then DNA was subjected to PCR amplification, Product was precipitated and sequenced for genetic analysis. To identify the SNPs in obtained sequence the Bioinformatics tools such as BLAST and CHROMAS were applied. The three exonic regions of AVP gene were amplified using site specific primer sets. A total of 6
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polymorphic sites were identified, those all were present in exon 1. The bioinformatics analysis using PopGene32 software was performed to analyze the association of identified SNPs to the Silent Estrus Behavior. SNP were analyzed for their effect on trait and one SNP in exon-1 was analyzed for its effect on subjected trait. This genetic characterization of AVP gene may serve as the genetic source for the development of DNA based markers for used in selection of animals with better estrus trait in studies, research and commercial purposes. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2871-T] (1).
44.
A Thesis Submitted In The Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements For The Degree
by Ayesha Saddiqa (2011-VA-367) | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Dr. Maryam Javed | Dr. Muhammad Zubair Shabbir.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: AIDS epidemic is increasing rapidly in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Quoting fresh authorized figures collected by the Punjab health department were 97,000 to 125,000 HIV positive people in Pakistan. Number of patients with HIV/AIDS rapidly increased in Punjab. 310 HIV/AIDS cases (35 women and 13 children) have been stated in Punjab in 2014. CCR5 gene is associated HIV infection. Mutation in this gene delayed the progression towards AIDS. In this study blood samples were collected from the laboratory of Punjab Aids Control Program (PACP), primary and secondary health care department, Government of Punjab. Genomic DNA was extracted by using the using FavorPrepTM Blood/Cultured Cell Genomic DNA Extraction Mini Kit. Specific set of primers were designed for the amplification of the targeted gene. The amplified PCR products were precipitated and sequenced for the identification of polymorphisms. Bidirectional sequencing was done for result confirmation. Alignments of sequences were done with the help of NCBI BLAST. Chromas software, Clustal W, UCSC, Bio Edit and SNPedia and Mega 6.0 was used to compile this study. CCR5 32 base pairs allele deletion was found absent in all HIV positive and negative individuals. So, susceptibility of human immuno-deficiency virus type one infection is high in Pakistani population. Genomic comparison was done with non-human primates. Alignment result showed human CCR5 gene homology, 95%, 99%, 94% and 94% with Maccaca mulata (Rhesus Monkey), Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee), Cercocebus atys (sooty mangabey) and Rhinopithecus bieti (black snub-nosed monkey) respectively. So, this homology analysis showed that these non-human primates can be used for development of therapeutic strategies related to human immune deficiency virus. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2872-T] (1).
45.
Sequence Analysis Of Comt Gene As Suceptibility Factor For Aggression In Domestic And Wild Cats
by Maham Nawaz (2011-VA-455) | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Dr. Saadat Ali | Dr. Amjad Riaz.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Behavior that is directed to injure living beings and damage their neuroconductual processes without any incitement, represents the aggressive behavior. COMT gene is of much importance in determining violent act in both animal and human.The present study is designed to molecular characterize the gene with following objective: to screen out polymorphism (SNPs) in exonic region of COMT gene in cats and tiger and to associate the identified polymorphism in cats and tiger. Aggression questionnaire was filled by honors of all domestic and wild cats included in our study.Blood sample of 5 Stray cat, 5 Persian cat and 5 Siamese cat and 5 Bengal tigers were collected from Lahore Zoo, UVAS PET Centre, Private Pet Clinics and Safari Zoo Lahore for SNP analysis. DNA were extracted from blood by organic method, 5 sets of primers were designed by primer 3 software for the amplification of the COMT genes. The amplified PCR products were precipitated and sequenced bi-directionally on ABI 3130XL Genetic analyzer, for the identification of SNPs.Alignment of sequences were done with the help of blast2 sequences. For sequence data analysis, Bioedit and Clustal W were used to complete the study.Results of sequencing were analyzed using BioEdit software. Sequence alignment tool like Clustal W was used for SNPs identification. 3 intronic and 1 exonic SNPs were observed and confirmed by Clustal W. Exonic SNP was linked to aggression. However, intronic SNPs were not found to be associated with self-reported aggression. SNP observed in exon 2 is reported to be involved in psychiatric and depressive disorders.Our study highlighted the role of COMTgene polymorphisms in aggression in animals (Cats and tiger). Different breeding Policies and Pet plains are now working and we can screen out the susceptibility of aggression in cats and tiger. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2901-T] (1).
46.
Association Of Tryptophan Hydroxylase 2 Gene Polymorphisms With Risk Of Depression In Homo Sapiens And Equus Caballus
by Sher Sarmad (2015-VA-1062) | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Dr. Maryam Javed | Prof. Dr. TahirYaqub.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: In the biosynthetic pathway for brain serotonin, Tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2) acts as the rate-limiting enzyme. It is a key element in maintaining adequate serotonin neurotransmission in the central neuron system (CNS). It is broadly discussed as an important candidate gene in multiple psychiatric disorders, especially suicidal behavior and depression. A relationship between TPH2 and major depressive disorder (MDD) has been reported by multiple gene-disease association studies in different populations. Horse can be employed as a valuable candidate for an animal model of depression because it shares environmental factors which are known to cause depression in humans.The hypothesis of this study was that, there is association between TPH2 gene polymorphisms and risk of developing MDD.Blood was collected from each participant.Human (Experimental and Control group) and Horse (Experimental and Control group).DNA wasextracted usingthe standard Phenol Chloroform Isoamyl alcohol (PCI) protocol. Specific set of primers were designed for the amplification of TPH2 gene exons and partial region of the introns. The amplified PCR products was precipitated and sequenced for the identification of variants. For sequence data analysis Chromas Software(2.1) was used along with BLAST available at NCBI and Clustal W program. Multiple alignments were performed for polymorphism identification and association of identified polymorphisms was performed using SPSS.The significant association of the variant rs7305155 with Major Depressive Disorder indicates that TPH2 has a role in disease etiology.Understanding the extent of the role different genes play in MDDmay help in tailoring medication. “Gene-Response to drug” association studies have also shown that patients with certain polymorphisms might respond better to certain class of drugs. It is useful to know which variants are prevalent in our population. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2939-T] (1).
