1.
Serum Biochemical Metabolites, Electrolytes And Minerals Profiling In Heat Stressed Donkeys (Equus Asinus)
by Naz Fatima | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Prof. Dr. Habib-ur-Rehman | Faculty of Biosciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Background
In developing countries, equines are used as a companion animal, for transportation, carrying goods, pulling carts and to ride. Heat stress (HS) is the major problem of tropical and subtropical region that adversely affects the performance of livestock by altering the physiological indices.
Objective
The current study is designed to report the dynamics of different physiological indices including serum electrolytes, minerals, biochemical metabolites, hepatic enzymes and thyroid hormones in heat stressed (HSd) donkeys (Equus asinus).
Materials and Methods
A total of 20 donkeys were involved (10 healthy and 10 clinically diagnosed as HSd), irrespective of their gender and age, in the current study. The health of the donkeys was evaluated by observing vital signs including body temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate and hematocrit. Blood was collected from each animal during summer season in August and serum was harvested by centrifugation, of clotted blood, at 4,000 rpm for 20 minutes. Serum samples were stored at -20°C for analysis. Serum electrolytes and minerals were determined using flame photometry and atomic absorption spectrophotometer, respectively, after wet digestion of serum. Serum biochemical metabolites and hepatic enzymes were evaluated using commercial kits, spectrophotometrically. Serum thyroid hormones concentrations were determined using commercial ELISA kits. Normal distribution of the data was confirmed by Shapiro-Wilk test. Data was analyzed using Independent Student's t-test by employing Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Data was presented as means ± SE. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05.
Results
Results revealed significantly higher heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature and hematocrit in heat stressed donkeys. Results revealed that serum sodium and potassium concentrations were significantly lower and serum calcium, magnesium and iron concentrations were significantly higher in heat stressed donkeys. However, there was no significant difference in Na/K ratio and serum chloride in HSd donkeys. Results revealed significantly higher serum total proteins, albumin, globulins concentrations, A/G ratio, LDL-cholesterol levels, T3, T4, AST, ALT, and ALP activity and homocysteine concentrations in heat stressed donkeys. However, serum HDL-Cholesterol and triglycerides levels were significantly lower. No significant difference in concentrations of serum glucose and cholesterol was observed.
Conclusion
Heat stress decreases electrolytes concentration and increases homocysteine and LDL-cholesterol levels that may account for increased risk of cardiovascular manifestations.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1437,T] (1).
2.
Serum Biochemical Metabolites, Electrolytes And Minerals Profile Durings Different Lactations In one-Humped Lactating Camels (Camelus Dromedarius)
by Anum Khushal | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Prof. Dr. Habib-ur-Rehman | Faculty of Biosciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Background
Lactation is characterized by change in metabolic demands of body that induces stress in lactating animals. During lactation the body reserves of nutrients, electrolytes and minerals are lost in milk leading to depletion of reserves. Therefore, lactating animals may suffer from deficiency of nutrients, electrolytes and minerals.
Objective
The objective of the study was to report whether lactations alter the serum biochemical metabolites, electrolytes and minerals profile of one-humped lactating camels or not.
Materials and Methods
The study involved 25 healthy, one-humped lactating camels (Camelus dromidarious) selected randomly from the desert area of Bhakkar (Punjab, Pakistan). Camels were divided into five groups (each having five camels) on the basis of lactations. The study involved camels in first, second, third, fourth and fifth lactations.
Ten milliliter blood was drawn from jugular vein using sterilized needles and plane syringes. Blood samples were allowed to clot at room temperature and centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 15 minutes. Serum was collected and stored at -20ºC till analysis. Serum biochemical metabolites and hepatic enzymes were evaluated spectrophotometrically using commercial kits and serum thyroid hormones were determined using commercial ELISA kits. Serum electrolytes and minerals were determined using flame photometery and atomic absorption spectrophotometery, respectively, after wet digestion of serum. Data was analyzed using one way analysis of variance by SPSS and significance was set at P < 0.05.
Results
Serum concentration of glucose, total proteins, albumin and globulins, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, uric acid, and thyroid enzymes did not differ among all the five lactation stages. Serum cholesterol concentration was significantly higher during second lactation compared with the first, third, forth and fifth lactations. Serum aspartate aminotransferase concentration was significantly higher during first lactation compared with the fourth lactation. Serum alanine aminotransferase concentration was significantly higher during fifth lactation compared with the first lactation. Serum concentration of minerals like calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese and selenium did not differ during any lactation. Similarly, serum electrolytes including sodium and potassium also did not differ between subsequent lactations.
Conclusion
Lactations have not much pronounced effects on the serum biochemical metabolites, electrolytes and minerals profile of one-humped lactating camels.
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3.
Response Of Dietary Yeast Supplementation In Chronic Heat Stressed Broilers On Growth Performance and Organs Development
by Islam Zeb Khan | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousuf | Prof. Dr. Habib-ur-Rehman.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1676,T] (1).
4.
Effect Of Anti-Stressor Supplement On Varous Physiological Markers Of Broiler Chicks Under Chronic Heat Stress
by Madeeha Wajid | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbain | Prof. Dr. Habib-ur- Rehman.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1801,T] (1).
5.
Effects Of Terminalia Chebula On Blood Biochemical Profile And Pancreatic Tissue In Diabetic Rats.
by Daniyal Kazmi | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Prof. Dr. Habib-ur-Rehman.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1834,T] (1).
6.
Antiangiogenic Activity Of Extracts Of Vinca Rosea (Catharnathus Roseus) Using Cam Assay
by Ijaz Ahmed | Prof. Dr. Habib-ur-Rehman | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Syed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1835,T] (1).
7.
Response Of Probiotic Supplimentiation In Ethonal Treated Rats On Health Status And Boon Minerals.
by Basma Yousaf | Dr Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr Hafza Zaneb | Prof Dr Habib Ur Rehman | FBS.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1877,T] (1).
8.
A Study On Antioxidant Properties Of Vitamin C And Vitamin E In Insulin Resistant Diabetic Rats
by Syeda javaria nadir | Prof. Dr. Ijaz ahmad | Dr. Ali Ahmad | Prof. Dr. Habib ur rehman.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2028,T] (1).
9.
Single Or Combined Effects Of Probiotics And Gallic Acid Supplementation On Serum Biochemistry In Dexamethasone
by Fahad mahmood | Dr. Muhammad shahbaz yousaf | Dr. Hafsa zaneb | Prof. Dr. habib ur rehman.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2045,T] (1).
10.
Effect Of Anti-Stressor Supplement On Physiological Indices And Gastrointestinal Development Of Broiler
by Muhammad umar minhas | Prof. Dr. Habib ur rehman | Dr. muhammad shahbaz yousaf | Dr. Sanaullah.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2046,T] (1).
11.
Study Of Electrophysiological Indices Of Median Nerve Conduction In Patients With Or Without Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
by Shafaq nazir | Prof. Dr. Habib ur rehman | Dr. Hafsa zaineb | Dr. shahbaz yousaf.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2058,T] (1).
12.
Single And Combined Effects Of Curcuma Longa And Probiotics Supplementation On Zootechnical Parameters Serm
by Nazish saleem | Muhammad Shahbaz yousaf | Dr. Hafsa zaneb | Prof. Dr. Habib ur rehman.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2059,T] (1).
13.
Reaponse Of Lactobacillus Based Probiotics Supplementation On Serum Biochemical Metabolites And Hepatic Enzymes in Hypothyroid Mice
by Fareeha Ch | Dr. M.Shahbaz yousaf | Dr. Hafsa zaneb | Prof Dr. Habib ur rehman.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2089,T] (1).
14.
Response Of Lactobacillus Based Probiotics Supplementation On Zootechnical Parameters Bone Health
by Hira Najeeb | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2099,T] (1).
15.
Single And Combned Effect Of Turmeric And Probiotic Supplementation On Serum Lioid And Creatinine Profile In Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats
by Salman Zafar | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2106,T] (1).
16.
Antiulcer Activisty Of Malva Parviflora Leaf Extract Narr Sonhal On Ethanol Induced Gastric Ulcer In Rat
by Sumeera Anjum | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Prof. DR. Habib-ur-Rehman.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2122,T] (1).
17.
Development And Evaluation Of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles As Feed Additives In Broilers
by Sajid Khan Tahir | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Saima | Prof Dr. Habib ur Rehman.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2129,T] (1).
18.
Gastroprotective Effect Of Grewia Optiva (Dhamna) Leaf Extract On Ethano; Induced Gastric Ulcer In Rats
by Saira Aslam | Dr Imtiaz Rabbani | Prof. DR. Habib-ur-Rehman.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2137,T] (1).
19.
Effect Of Supplementation Of Xylanase On Feed Efficiency And Serum Biochemistry In Broilers
by Abida Niazi | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2156,T] (1).
20.
Effect Of Gallic Acid Supplementation On Zootechnical Parameters Serum Biochemistry And Immune Response In Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats
by Nida Sahar | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Hafsa | Prof. Dr. Habib -ur- Rehman.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2162,T] (1).
21.
Impact Of Activated Clotting Time6 On Post Cardiopulmonary Bypass Blood Loss
by Adnan Haider | Prof Dr. Habib ur Rehman | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Nisar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 214Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2171,T] (1).
22.
Effect Of Different Heat Treatments On Antioxidant Activity Of Eggplant And Its Efficacy Study Dr. Sanaullah Iqbal
by Wajeeha Baig | Dr. Muhammad Nasir | Prof. Dr. Habib-ur-Rehman.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Eggplants (Solanum melongena L), are native to the South East Asian region and were first domesticated there over 4000 years ago. In fact, the eggplant’s true species name ‘‘Melongena’’ is an ancient name for eggplant in Sanskrit (Spurling, 2003). The color, size, and shape of the eggplant fruit vary significantly with the variety of cultivar. Eggplant is one of the most common vegetables that is grown and consumed all around the world (Nisha et al. 2009). Thomas Jefferson introduced eggplant to the United States in 1806. Even today, a prickly, white eggplant still grows in Jefferson’s preserved Vir-ginia Garden at Monticello (Filippone et al. 2009). Eggplant fruit contains ascorbic acid and phenolics e.g chlorogenic acid, flavonoids, acetylated chlorogenic acid isomers, hydroxycinnamic acid oxides conjugates caffeic acid ,both of which are powerful antioxidants (Vinson et al. 1998). Eggplant is commonly considered as a vegetable, but botanically it is categorized as a fruit. Eggplant fruit is ranked among the top ten vegetables in terms of oxygen radical absorbance capacity due to its high phenolic content (Cao et al. 1996). A comparative study of the antioxidant capacity of different varieties was recently reported by two separate groups of researchers (Huang et al. 2004; Nisha et al. 2009). Vegetables contain several hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant compounds and it is important to estimate the antioxidant activity using different methods. They may act together more effectively than singly because they function synergistically and are capable of quenching free radicals in both aqueous and lipid phases (Ohr et al. 2004; Trombino et al. 2004). Antioxidant components are micronutrients present in the diet that can delay or inhibit lipid oxidation, by inhibiting the initiation or propagation of oxidizing chain reactions, and are also involved in scavenging free radicals (Othman et al., 2007). Epidemiological studies have shown that high fruit and vegetable consumption has health benefits in the prevention of chronic diseases (Cheel et al., 2007). The influence of home cooking methods (boiling , pressure-cooking , frying ) on the antioxidant activity of vegetables has been evaluated in 20 vegetables, using different antioxidant activity assays (lipoperoxyl and hydroxyl radicals scavenging and TEAC). Artichoke was the only vegetable that kept its very high scavenging-lipoperoxyl radical capacity in all the cooking methods. The highest scavenging capacity were observed in cauliflower after boiling and microwaving , in pea after boiling , and in zucchini after boiling and frying. Beetroot, green bean, and garlic kept their antioxidant activity after most cooking treatments. Swiss chard and pepper lost OH (Enez –Monreal et al. 2009). In the case of boiling or pressure-cooking occurs lixiviation phenomenon that leads to a 64% loss of total carotenoids and a 49% loss of total phenolics (Bunea et al. 2008). The phenols enter the cooking water and complex phenol proteins are found, reducing drastically by 90% or more (Barroga et al. 1985: Rocha et al. 2007). Eggplant is one of most common vegetables consumed all around the world. The present study will evaluate the antioxidant potential of two different varieties of eggplant (long purple coloured big size, and rounded purple coloured small size) in terms of total phenolic content (TPC), 2,2,di-phenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide radical scavenging activity, and total anthocyanin content. Extracts from purple colour small size eggplant demonstrated better antioxidant activities than the other samples which may be attributed to the higher phenolic and anthocyanin content since a linear relation was observed between the TPC and the antioxidant parameters (Nisha et al. 2009). There is comparison of among vegetables regarding to their antioxident capacity.
Tab.1.1: Comparison of different vegetables with respect to their antioxidant capacity
Vegetables Size Total antioxidant capacity
Russet potato 1 whole 4,649
Artichoke Half cup 4,402
Small red bean Half cup 13,727
Eggplant 1 whole 4,035
Red kidney beans Half cup 6,000
In the present study , the focus is on the amount of the antioxidants in eggplant after the application of different heat treatments. As eggplant is good source of antioxidants, it has been observed from different studies that heat leaves adverse effect on nutritional status of fruits and vegetables. Pakistan is one of the countries who has good cultivation rate of eggplant.
One hundered gram of fruit contains 0.7mg iron, 13.0mg sodium, 213.0mg potassium, 12.0mg calcium, 26.0mg phosphorus, 5.0mg ascorbic acid and provides 25.0 calories (Yousafi et al.2013).
In world production ranking, Pakistan is at 20th position in the eggplant production. Pakistan produces 87,000 tons eggplant every year. Moreover, it has 0.2% sharing in world wide eggplant production. It is cultivated in 9,044 ha on the land of Pakistan (FAO, 2012).
Hydrogen Peroxide is one of the most powerful oxidizers known -- stronger than chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and potassium permanganate. And through catalysis, (H2O2) can be converted into hydroxyl radicals (.OH) with reactivity second only to fluorine.
Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) is a colourless liquid that resembles water in many respects. Its physical properties are very similar to those of water, except that it is 40% denser. The main difference between hydrogen peroxide and water, however, is in its chemical behaviour. The single bond between the two oxygen atoms is weak, so that H2O2 readily fragments into either H and HO2 or two OHs. Either way, the resulting species are free radicals, which means they are very reactive, and this makes H2O2 a very powerful oxidizing agent. For this reason it has been utilized in rocket propulsion, when it is used to oxidise the hydrazine fuel, liberating hot gases (steam and oxygen) which propel the rocket forward. When something acts as an oxidising agent is gains electrons (removing them from the oxidised species) (Ganie et al., 2009).
For this purpose, this study has been designed to find out the appropriate method to cook eggplant at domestic level, so that maximum level of antioxidants could be obtained in our food, because antioxidants play a very important role in prevention of many chronic diseases. So, four different cooking methods i.e, grilling, cooking under pressure, boiling and deep frying has been selected for this study because these cooking methods are applied frequently at domestic level.
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23.
Effect Of Supplementation Of Fructo-Oligosaccharides And Manno-Oligosaccharides On Serum Biochemical Parameters In High-Fat Fed Rats
by Anam Jeelani (2013-VA-593) | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman | Dr. Nauman Zahid.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Obesity is a public health issue, leading to metabolic disorders usually associated with the formation of cardiovascular disorder, fatty liver diseases and diabetes type II (Dewulf et al. 2006). Many factors considered to emergence of dyslipidemia and obesity (Parekh et al. 2014). Imbalance between intake of energy and utilizing of energy cause obesity, it might be caused by various factors including food intake, lack of physical activities, modern life style inherited, hypertension, and type of diet (Arora and Sharma 2011).
Many species of micro-organisms occupied gastrointestinal tract (GIT). But in colon portion most important populations are existing and showing symbiosis relationship which helps in maintaining good health (Roberfroid et al. 2010).GIT microflora is participating in metabolic disorders and obesity as well, indicating the fatty animal and human having different gut microbiota composition as compared to slim ones (Sanz et al. 2010). Reductions in Bacteroidetes and rise of the relative abundance of Firmicutes have been associated with obesity (Parnell et al. 2011).
Bifidobacteria play a part in the development of obesity and its related co-morbidities (Delzenne et al. 2011).It was found that decreased number of Bifidobacteria at birth was associated with overweight later in childhood (Kalliomaki et al. 2008). Diabetes mellitus type II patients having very less amount of such type of bacteria as compared to non diabetic person (Wu et al. 2010). Man considered as Holobiont or super-organism because of in its composition only 10% of human cells while rest of 90% are micro-organisms (Lederberg 2000).
Prebiotics are short chain length carbohydrates (Hang et al. 2013), non-digestible food constituents which significantly effects on the person by enhancing the metabolic activity, growth and also induce the production of GIT microbiota (Manning and Gibson 2004) and induce the growth of beneficial microflora and overcome the pathogenic organism (Gibson et al. 1995). The small intestine not having the enzymes for the decomposition of prebiotics, finally they reach the large intestine (Strickling et al. 2000; Gibson and Roberfroid 1995) where they are utilized by the beneficial microbiota to produce volatile fatty acids (VFAs) (Yang et al. 2007), finally the pH of the brush border microenvironment goes down and reducing the pathogenic effects.
Generally, intestinal microbiota considered as important for health issues and immunomodulatory activities and food intake induce and stimulate the GIT (Rehman et al. 2007). Microbiota has significant roles in the host physiology, commencing from nutritional and metabolism, to infection and disease. Many evidences show, prebiotics in GIT stimulates many other systems as well for example lymphoid system (GALT). The expenditure of prebiotics can modulate defensive elements in GALT, secondary lymphoid tissues and blood circulation (Schley and Field 2007).
This selectivity was shown for bifidobacteria, which may be promoted by the ingestion of substances such as fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin (Gibson et al. 1995), transgalactosylated oligosaccharides (Tanaka et al. 1983).
FOS is an important group of prebiotics, which induce the production of bacteria in lower intestinal tract (Hang et al. 2013). FOS are oligosaccharides that found in plants for example in garlic, onion, artichoke, chicory, asparagus, banana, and in different plants. FOS composed of linear units of fructose and link together by beta (2-1) linkage.2 to 60 fructose number units together and end on glucose. Small intestine does not having the property to digest and hydrolysed the dietary FOS. While it contain Glycosidases and until it will be in ceum and there is no structural change of it. Then in metabolism of gut microbiota FOS converted into small chain carbolic acid, L-lactate, Hydrogen, Carbondioxide and other compounds. It contain very significant properties while low sweetness, may be use as calorie free, non-carcinogenic and are considered as soluble edible fibre. Many important and beneficial physiological aspects such as rate of mineral absorption increases, reduction of phosphoplipds, total cholesterol and triglycerides. Many food products contain FOS infant formulas causes to their prebiotic effect induce the growth of non-pathogenic gut microbiota. Metabolism affects the feces nature as well as the speed of deposition, and dose of 4-15 g/day taken by a normal person definitely having low constipation rate, also assume as a major problem of growth in a society. (Sabater-Molina et al. 2009).
FOS with significantly effected on GIT microbiota,lowering the GIT infections, and also possessing a recognized bifidogenic effect. Normally, prebiotics compounds collected by the extraction of many plants and then hydrolysed by enzymatic activity of sucrose (Hang et al. 2013).
Manno-oligosaccharide (MOS) obtained from mannans present on the cell wall of a fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a well recognized prebiotic that contain competitive attaching sites for many bacteria, that’s why having capacity for many ligands. Pathogens having the mannose-specific fimbriae adsorb to the MOS rather intestinal epithelial cells (Spring et al. 2000).
Idea of prebiotics introduced in 1995, considered as non-digestable and partially fermented oligosaccharides found in food elements. Their presence in GIT may lower the effect of disease in colon. That idea about Prebiotics is revisited and possible mechanisms are proposed. Many functional aspects related to metabolism of prebiotics are assumed in sense of reducing many disorders (Van Loo 2004).
It is assumed that prebiotics have effects on the immune system, as it stabilizes the intestine by enhancing the gut microflora especially lactobacilli and some selected strains, which may change can modify host innate and acquired defensive mechanisms and also help to save in respiratory infections (Hori et al. 2001). Main objective of our current study is to elucidate effects of MOS, FOS supplementation on production performance, physiological indices of health including blood glucose level, total cholesterol, triglycerides etc.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2222-T] (1).
24.
Response Of Dietary Supplementation Of Β-Galacto-Oligosaccharides And Benzoic Acid On Growth Performance And Gastrointestinal Physiology In Broiler Chickens
by Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf (2007-VA-538) | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman | Prof. Dr. Juergen Zentek | Prof. Dr. Ijaz Ahmad | Prof. Dr. Kamran Ashraf.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Efficient poultry production depends upon a number of crucial factors that include optimum nutrient digestibility, bioavailability and maximum conversion into end products like meat and egg as well as low morbidity and mortality in the flock. In the past, antibiotics were used successfully as growth promoters in poultry and animal feed to improve production performance. However, it has become increasingly apparent that many problems are associated with the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs); most importantly, the emergence of increasing numbers of microbes resistant to antibiotics. Therefore, AGPs were banned in the poultry as well as in the livestock industries of many countries. Due to withdrawal of AGPs, the poultry industry faced outbreak of diseases, high mortality, compromised growth performance and thus low profitability. Researchers and producers must, therefore, seek an alternate for AGPs that provide safety both for poultry and consumer health. Many potential candidates have subsequently been put forth and evaluated to replace AGPs that include prebiotics, probiotics, phytobiotics and organic acids. These AGPs replacers showed variable degree of success depending upon nutritional, managemental and hygienic conditions. Keeping in view the importance of AGP replacers, it was the purpose of this study to the growth promoting potential of β-galacto-oligosaccharides (β-GOS), a prebiotic, and benzoic acid (BA), an organic acid, in growing broilers.
In experiment-1, 200 day old Hubbard broiler chicks, were randomly divided into four treatment groups (n = 50) with five replicates (n = 10) in each group. Birds in different treatment groups were allotted four different types of diets. Birds in the control group (β-GOS-0) were given ad-libitum corn based basal diet, free of antimicrobials and coccidiostats, whereas birds in three other experimental groups were given the same basal diets supplemented with different concentrations of β-GOS i.e., 0.1% (β-GOS-1), 0.2% (β-GOS-2) and 0.5% (β-GOS-5) for a period of 35 days. Birds in all the experimental groups were vaccinated against the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and infectious bursal disease virus by giving primary and booster doses according to the schedule. Moreover, birds were also sensitized against 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene for determination of cell mediated immunity (CMI). Body weights, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency were determined on a weekly basis. At the end of experiment, ten birds from each group were slaughtered to collect blood, organs and caecal digesta for determination of serum biochemical metabolites and humoral immunity, organ characteristics and selected caecal digesta bacteria, respectively. Data were analyzed by using analysis of variance and incase of significant F-value (P < 0.05), data were subjected to Tukey's-HSD post hoc test. Results demonstrated that growth performance and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) of β-GOS supplemented birds were improved (P < 0.05) in a dose dependent manner, with the highest body weights (P < 0.05) and improved FCE (P < 0.05) observed in the β-GOS-5 group. Relative weights of liver and pancreas were higher (P < 0.05) in the β-GOS-1 group. Likewise, CMI was also higher (P < 0.05) in the β-GOS-1 group. Concentrations of caecal Lactobacilli spp. were higher in the β-GOS-2 and β-GOS-5 groups. The serum biochemical metabolites, humoral immunity in terms of antibodies titres against NDV and Clostridia spp. and coliforms were not affected by dietary supplementation of β-GOS. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 0.5% β-GOS conferred a better response in terms of growth performance, feed conversion efficiency and caecal Lactobacilli spp. in broilers.
In experiment-2, 120 day old male Cobb broiler chicks were randomly divided into three treatment groups (n = 40) with eight replicates (n = 5) in each group. Birds in different treatment groups were allotted three different types of diets. Birds in the control group (CON) were given ad-libitum maize based basal diets, free of antimicrobials and coccidiostats, whereas birds in two other experimental groups were given the same basal diets supplemented with two different types of BA i.e., 0.096% free BA (FBA) and 0.2% slow releasing BA (SBA) for a period of 35 days. Body weights, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency were determined on a weekly basis. At the end of the experimental period, birds from each group were slaughtered to collect digesta from the crop, proventriculus, gizzard, proximal small intestine, ileum and caecum for determination of benzoic acid, microbial metabolites, microbial populations and molecular microbial ecology. Data were analyzed by using analysis of variance and incase of significant F-value (P < 0.05), data were subjected to Tukey's-HSD post hoc test. Results revealed that overall growth performance, feed intake and FCE remained unchanged among all the treatment groups. Total short chain fatty acids were only increased (P < 0.05) in the gizzard by both types of BA supplementation. Likewise, D-lactate concentration was increased (P < 0.05) by both types of BA in crop digesta, whereas, L-lactate was only increased (P < 0.05) by SBA in crop digesta. Both types of BA increased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of L-lactate, D-lactate and acetic acid in gizzard, and D-lactate in proximal small intestine. Concentrations of i-butyric acid and i-valeric acid were decreased (P < 0.05) in caecal digesta by both types of BA, whereas, n-valeric acid was only decreased (P < 0.05) by SBA supplementation in caecal digesta. Concentrations of both types of BA in different segments of gastrointestinal tract were comparable. Concentrations of gizzard Lactobacilli spp. were higher in both the BA supplemented groups, whereas, L. johnsoni and L. reuteri concentrations were higher in the SBA group compared with the control group. Similarly, in the proximal small intestine both types of BA increased the population of Lactobacilli spp., L. reuteri, L. amylovorus and Enterococci spp. Ileal concentrations of Lactobacilli spp., L. johnsoni, L. amylovorus and S. alactolyticus were higher (P < 0.05) in SBA group, whereas, L. reuteri was increased (P < 0.05) both by the FBA and SBA supplementations. Microbial populations of crop and caecum remained unchanged among all the treatment groups. Results of ileal molecular microbial ecology analysis revealed that evenness was higher (P < 0.05) in both the BA supplemented groups, whereas, the Sorensen index (P < 0.05) and the Renkonen index (< 0.5) were different only in the SBA group. However, caecal microbial ecology analysis revealed no changes among all the treatment groups. In conclusion, FBA and SBA supplementations produced similar responses in terms of microbial metabolites production with no effect on overall growth performance and feed conversion efficiency. However, SBA conferred some advantages over FBA in terms of increased bacterial concentrations, especially some species of the Lactobacilli as well as S. alactolyticus, and improved ileal molecular microbial ecology.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2310-T] (1).
25.
Identification Of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism In Toll Like Receptor 4 Gene And Its Association With Mastitis In Sahiwal Cows
by Hafiz Kamran Rizwan Ullah (2013-VA-557) | Dr. Sehrish Firyal | Dr. Muhammad Wasim | Prof. Dr. Habib Ur Rehman.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Several factors militate against realizing the milk production potential of cows. Mastitis is one of the shocking maladies of milch animals causing high production losses to livestock industry in Pakistan and elsewhere in the world. Mastitis has been familiar as one of the most inexpensively important diseases affecting dairy animal’s worldwide.
Susceptibility and resistance to mastitis is a complex trait and influenced by genetic variation of the immunity genes of animals. Among these variations, the polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor 4 gene (TLR4) play important role in the immune response to mastitis. Polymorphism in exon 3 of TLR4 gene is associated with mastitis susceptibility and resistance. It is a potential candidate gene for screening of the mastitis susceptible and resistant dairy cows.
The present study was designed for the identification of polymorphism in TLR4gene associated with mastitis. Blood samples from 20 Sahiwal cows having clinical and subclinical mastitis were sampled. Blood sample of 10 normal Sahiwal cows was also collected. DNA was extracted. Specific primers for amplification of TLR4 gene were designed from NCBI.
TLR4gene was amplified and sequenced to get the desire sequence of this gene. Comparative analysis of the resulted sequences using NCBI BLAST was done.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2392-T] (1).
26.
In Vitro Effects Of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles On Electrophysiological Indices Of Jejunal Mucosa Of Laying Hens
by Wajeeha Mehmood (2013-VA-899) | Prof. Dr. Habib-Ur-Rehman | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Zn is a vital micro-nutrient in living body and food industries have been using Zn as feed additive in animal diets. Previous studies presented that the performance of organic Zn differ from inorganic Zn due to higher bioavailability of organic Zn than that of inorganic Zn, but the addition of organic Zn in animal diet is costly. Therefore, to fulfil animal’s requirements, Zn is added in excess than the normal requirement. This can leads to environmental pollution when stool with excess Zn is released outside. Also the excess dietary Zn may cause other trace elements and vitamins. NPs are regarded to be highly absorbed into the gastrointestinal systems than larger particles. ZnO NPs in lesser quantity instead of bulk-sized ZnO, can be a better option. Different zinc salts affects the intestinal ion transport. There is less information about ZnO NPs effects on intestinal transport. The current study is established to study the in vitro effects of ZnO NPs on electrophysiological properties and its flux across jejunal mucosa of laying hens. Twelve White Leghorn laying hens were procured from a local commercial farm, kept in a shed and provided with feed and water ad libitum. After a week the birds were killed and jejunum was then removed, washed and conveyed in ice-cold oxygenated buffer to the laboratory within 5 minutes. Four segments were taken out of jejunum and designated with four groups (Control, ZnO 70 µM, ZnO NPs 70 µM and ZnO 35 µM). Each of the segment were mounted on separate UC. After mounting, twenty minutes were given to the tissues for equilibration under open circuit and then short-circuited by clamping the voltage at 0 mV. After getting the base line, the ZnO NPs and ZnO were added in separate chambers. The ZnO NPs or ZnO was added to the mucosal compartment of the Ussing chamber where its response was noted. Glucose was added after the incubation of approximately twenty to twenty five minutes. The electrical response was measured as the peak response obtained two minutes after the addition of glucose. The change in Isc (∆Isc) was estimated after addition of ZnO, ZnO NPs and glucose. Presentation of data was done as means ± S.E.M. The data was analyzed using One-Way Analysis of variance. The group differences were compared by the Post Hoc Tukey Test. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05. The result showed that there was an obvious decrease in Isc of tissue treated with ZnO (Group II) but a slight increase in Isc was observed when segments treated with ZnO NPs at 70 µM and 35 µM concentration (Group III and IV). Statistically, the mean ∆Isc values of Group II was significantly different from control, Group III and IV. While Group III and IV were not significantly different from control. Also, no change existed between Group III and IV. A significant decline in glucose induced Isc was observed in tissue of Group II as compare to control, Group III and IV. There was a slight non-significant decline in glucose induced Isc when treated with ZnO NPs at 70 µM and 35 µM concentration. In conclusion, ZnO NPs are not showing any significant interference with the ionic and glucose transport and can be used as a food supplement to fulfil Zn demands. On the other hand, ZnO suppress Cl- ion secretion and glucose transport in vitro. Further confirmation of these fact needs more studies with more decreased dose of ZnO NPs.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2439-T] (1).
27.
Physical, Chemical and Biological Treatment of Rice Husk to Improve Its Nutrative Value
by Rahat Naseer (2003-VA-196) | Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi | Dr. Muhammad Tayyab | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Thesis submitted without CD. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2450-T] (1).
28.
The Effect Of Feeding Of Physically, Chemically And Biologically Treated Rice Husk On Serum Minerals In Sheep
by Sohrab Ahmad (2014-VA-529) | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Youaf | Dr. Rahat Naseer.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Rice is the second major cereal crop cultivated in Pakistan. The rice crop‘s residual parts, i.e. straw and husk are used as an animal feed. To enhance the nutritive value and digestibility of these residues different treatments are used, including Physical, Chemical and Biological treatments to enhance animal performance. In the present study, the effect of Physical, Chemical and Biological treatment of rice husk was observed on the serum mineral profile which is also an indicator of an animal’s performance.
Thirty six adult sheep were divided into six groups. Negative control group 1, positive control 2, physically treated group 3 acid treated rice feeding group 4, alkali treated rice husk group 5, and biologically fermented rice husk group 6. Each group received 20% treated rice husk along with the routine ration. Blood was collected at day 60 and serum was separated, which was analyzed for minerals by using atomic absorption specrophotometrery and flame photometry.
Data was analyzed using SPSS software. One-way ANOVA was applied on data to observe among the group difference while group differences were compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05.
The results revealed that serum level of zinc was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in group 6 compared to group 4 and 1 but similar to group 2 and other treatment groups (figure 1). However, we found a tendency towards significance (p=0.056) in serum calcium level, which was higher in group 5 compared to other treatment groups and group 1 but was found similar to group 2. The serum sodium level also showed a trend towards significance (p=0.072) in group 2, 3 and 5 compared to group 6. Serum iron and potassium level were found non-significant (p<0.05) in all treatments groups compared to group 1 and 2. Blood hemoglobin level was found significantly higher (P=0.013) in control positive group compared to control negative group, 3, 4, 5and was similar to group 6. The platelet count was found in a tendency towards significance (P=0.062), higher in all treatment groups compared to the negative control group. The hematological parameters, i.e. RBC, WBC, MCV, MCH, and MCHC were found non-significant (p< 0.05) in both the control groups and all treatment groups.
Concluding the above discussion, we suggest that fermented rice husk feeding may have better effect on the animal n terms of increase in minerals retention and hemoglobin level in the blood which will cause an increase in the metabolic activities and hence growth of the animal.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2465-T] (1).
29.
Effects Of Ethanolic And Aqueous Extracts Roots And Leaves Of Catharanthus Roseus On Serum Biochemical Parameters In Broilers
by Kiran Sabir (2014-VA-05) | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman | Dr. Muhammad ShahbazYousaf | Mr.Shahid Abbas.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: The study was designed to checkthe effects of supplementation of C. roseus in various concentrations (0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2%) as an alternative to AGPs on various physiological indices of birdshealth. Antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) have been used in poultry farms as a drug resistance and drug residues. Now, there is a need to look for safe alternative for AGPs. Catharanthusroseushaving the properties of antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, antioxidant and growth promoter.
Total 260 birds weretaken and divided into the 13 groups. Each group was further sub-divided into four replicates with 5 birds in each replicate. The birds were supplemented with basal diet (Group A) and all other groups were supplemented with diet of aqueous extract of Cathrathusroseus at the concentration of 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2% in the Groups B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K,L and M for 35 days trial. During the trial period, the birds were vaccinated with Newcastle disease and Infectious Bursal Disease Vaccine (IBDV). Blood was also collected on day 35 to determine the concentration of various physiological indices.
Statistical analysis was conducted by using Statistical Packages For Social Sciences (SPSS Version 20 USA). To analyzed the data one way ANOVA was used.Post hoc test was carried out using tukey.
The results of glucose was found significantly higher (P<0.05) in group H compared to group K and M but similar to group B, C, D, E, F, G, I and J and M. The results of total cholesterol was found significantly higher (P<0.05) in group A, B, D, G, and I compared to group F and J but similar to group C, E, H, K, L and M.The serum Triglycerides concentrationwas no significantly (P<0.05) difference in all treatment groups compared to the control group.The serum ALT concentration was found significantly higher (P<0.05) in group F, G L and M than control group but similar in Groups B, C D E, H, I, J and K.The serum AST concentration was significantly higher (P<0.05) in group K and significantly lower in Groups B,C,I,J,L,M but similar in Groups D,E,F,G,H,A .
It was concluded that Catharanthusroseus can be use as a cheaper, easiest and quickly available source as an alternative of antibiotic in the poultry.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2504-T] (1).
30.
In Vitro Study Of The Effect Of Menthol On Electrophysiological Indices Of Isolated Rumen Epithelium In Goat
by Najma Khan (2014-VA-506) | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Ammonia is product of protein metabolism and its reabsorption occur by non-selective cation channels across rumen epithelium otherwise it will not be available as non-protein nitrogen source and excreted out causing hazard to environment. At physiological pH, ammonia is present as NH4+ in rumen and its transport leads to electrophysiological changes. It was reported that addition of menthol to the isolated rumen epithelium of cattle cause electrophysiological changes, primarily linked to the ammonium transport suggesting presence of non-selective cation channels. Addition of cation channel modulators such as menthol to diet can enhance absorption of nitrogen in the rumen. Scarce data was available for rumen epithelium of goats which has a large contribution in livestock population and has a great potential for mutton market revealing effect of cation channel modulators on electrophysiology and ammonium transport. Objective of this study was to investigate the effect of menthol on electrophysiological changes and its link to ammonia transport in the isolated rumen epithelium of goats.
Hypothesis
Menthol may affect the electrophysiology of the isolated rumen epithelium of goats and enhance ammonia transport across rumen epithelium.
Methodology
Ten goats of uniform age and weight were selected and slaughtered in a local slaughter house. Reticulorumen was removed from the abdominal cavity and cleaned in a standard transport buffer solution. Serosal layer of rumen was removed and mounted in the Ussing chamber. Rumen epithelium was incubated with transport buffer solution and after 20 minutes replaced with ammonia containing buffer solution (10mM and 40mM respectively)
46
and changes in bioelectric parameters were observed. Menthol in concentration of 1mM was added to mucosal side and electrophysiological parameters like Isc and Gt were observed. Moreover, pH of serosal side was checked after menthol treatment at time intervals 20, 60 and 90 minutes respectively to assess ammonia transport.
Results
Menthol affected the electrophysiology of isolated rumen epithelium of goats by increasing short circuit current due to increase in ammonia concentrations in the rumen. Menthol addition in 40mM NH4Cl containing solution significantly increased current (p value = 0.00). ΔIsc was also significant between the groups containing 10 and 40mM NH4Cl containing solution. Change in potential difference was significant after addition of menthol in both groups (P = 0.00). Conductance increased significantly by increasing concentration of ammonia (p value = 0.03). PH of serosal side decreased, suggesting possible NH4+ uptake, while on mucosal side increase in pH was observed.
Statistical analysis
Data were analyzed by using completely randomized ANOVA followed by post-hoc test LSD. Level of significance was set at 0.05.
Conclusion
Menthol treatment affects the electrophysiological indices of isolated rumen epithelium of goat presumably by opening non-selective cation channels and enhances ammonium transport across rumen epithelium increasing recycling of nitrogen. This may leads to efficient protein utilization by the animals. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2558-T] (1).
31.
Evaluation Of Cardioprotective Effect Of Citric Acid On Serum Biochemical Profile Against Isoproterenol Induced Myocardial Infarction In Rabbits
by Aasma Shabbir (2014-VA-525) | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Nisar Ahmad .
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Isoproterenol is a drug which is used to treat heart attack, congestive heart failure, shock and certain types of irregular heartbeat. In addition to this, it is also employed during the process of anesthesia to avoid the constriction of airways. Isoproterenol is a synthetic catecholamine which produced myocardial infarction because of production of cytotoxic free radicals. Citric acid is water soluble and is most important antioxidant and enzyme cofactor. Recent evidence suggests that citric acid possess antioxidant activity.
The aim of this study was to optimize a supplement at which citric acid can act as cardio protector against isoproterenol and also to evaluate its effect on level of CK-MB, serum glucose, serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-C, AST, ALT, ALP.
Forty rabbits were selected and housed in the experimental shed of the Department of physiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. Before the arrival of rabbits, the shed was cleaned and fumigated. The rabbits were divided randomly in to five groups, each with eight replicates (n=8 in each group). Animals were treated by following treatment plan; Group 1: (Negative Control) Animals received normal saline 1ml orally for 14 days. Group 2: (Positive Control) Animals received normal saline 1ml orally for 14 days and then myocardial infarction induced on 15th day. Group 3: Animals received citric acid 250 mg/kg body weight orally (dissolved in 1 ml distill water) for 14 days and then myocardial infarction induced on 15th day. Group 4: Animals received citric acid 500 mg/kg bodyweight orally (dissolved in 1 ml distill water) for 14 days and then myocardial infarction induced on 15th day. Group 5: Animals received citric acid 750 mg/kg body weight orally (dissolved in 1 ml distill water) for 14 days and then myocardial infarction induced on 15th day.
At the end of the experiment, rabbits were slaughtered to collect blood samples for serum biochemical analysis (CK-MB, lipid profile, LFT’s, RFT’s, serum glucose). Data was analyzed by one way analysis of variance using SPSS software (SPSS Inc. version 20, Chicago, Illinois). The group differences were studied by using Duncan’s multiple range tests. The P value <0.05 was considered as significant. Data was presented as mean ± SD.
Results showed that the level of CK-MB, creatinine, urea, HDL-C, ALT were found significant (P<0.05) in rabbits compared with the control. While there was no significant effect found on serum glucose, uric acid, total cholesterol, triglycerides, AST, ALP in all the experimental groups compared with control.
From our study we have concluded that supplementation of citric acid has cardioprotective effect against isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rabbits. It shows significant effect on CK-MB, HDL-C, ALT, urea and creatinine. While there was no significant effect found on serum glucose, uric acid, total cholesterol, triglyceride, AST, ALP.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2703-T] (1).
32.
Electrophysiological Evalution Of Patients Suffering From Juvenile Epilepsy
by Masuma Amin (2014-VA-526) | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman | Dr. Ahsan Numan | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Ms. Amina Chughtai.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Epilepticogenic seizures are episodes of excessive, abnormal and repeatsynchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Seizures can be accompanied by clinical neurological symptoms as alterations in consciousness and abnormal body movements.These epileptic activities are causing impermanent disturbance in brain an message signals became mixed up and it results in epileptic seizure. The electrophysiological changes occur in epileptic seizure in the brain and it can be diagnosed by the EEG which is an electrical presentation of impulses on a paper. The electrophysiological evaluation of children with epilepsy was made by the EEG machine. There are many risk factors contributing to the occurrence of epilepsy including cousin marriages, positive family history and affected sibling. Different types of seizures are studied which included Generalized tonic clonic, Myoclonic and tonic clonic.
This study was a cross sectional study in which 50 epileptic children and 25 control subjects with no epilepsy were studied. The age of the patients was between 4-18 years divided into 4 groups regardless of gender in this study conducted in Services Hospital Lohore.EEG was performed and history has been taken, a questionnaire was filled by parents and clinical examination was done.
This study showed that there are electrophysiological changes in epileptic seizure and the wave changes exhibit in epilepsy (p=0.03) which shows significant results .Similarly the history of family with epilepsy has significant relation with occurrence of epilepsy(p= 0.037). The cousin marriage are also contributing factors in occurrence of epilepsy as it has link with genes and it run into families showing the significant association (p= 0.040).The sibling are also affected if there is presence of epilepsy in any one of the child in the family(p=0.020). Hague severity scale was applied that reveals that the severity of epilepsy occurred as the number of scale increases and it affects the daily activity of the individuals.Chi Square test was applied to analyze the Electrophysiological changes in epilepsy while Binary Logistic Regression was applied to analyze the different contributing factors in prevalence and occurrence of epilepsy.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2719-T] (1).
33.
Effects Of Mannanoligosaccharides Feeding On Selected Mineral Profile In Post-Weaned Goat Kids
by Tasneem Kausar (2014-VA-556) | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman | Dr. Saif ur Rehman Kashif.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Minerals play a pivotal role in kids’ growth and development. Minerals deficiency in young age has lifelong consequences. It is necessary to maintain adequate level of minerals in kids body to match their requirements. This can be achieved either by supplementing diet with minerals or by enhancing their absorption. Mannan-oligosaccharides supplementation can enhance minerals concentration in liver, muscles, blood and kidney by enhancing their absorption in gastrointestinal tract.
Ten healthy goat kids were selected for study purpose to evaluate effects of prebiotics supplementation on minerals profile of serum, liver, muscles and kidneys. These kids were divided into 2 groups. One group (control group) was on normal basal diet other the experimental group was fed with diet supplemented with 1 g mannan-oligosaccharides. The kids were slaughtered on day 75 and sampling was done. Clear non hemolysed sera were separated for serum mineral analysis. Samples from liver muscles and kidneys cut into small pieces and dried. Wet digestion of samples done and upto 50 ml of solution of each sample was made for spectrophotometry. Calcium levels are analyzed by flame photometry and atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to evaluate levels of copper, zinc and iron.
Results obtained are statistically analyzed by applying students-t test and presented as mean ± SE and considered significant at P < 0.05. The results of the study, to evaluate the relationship between mannan-oligosaccharides supplementation and minerals absorption, were not significant. MOS has not any significant effects on minerals profile in goat kids.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2711-T] (1).
34.
Assessment Of Post Prandial Glycemic Response Of Pasteurized Camel Milk In Comparison With Pasteurized Cow Milk Among Normal, Prediabetic And Diabetic Human Subjects
by Moeena Baig (2014-VA-770) | Dr. Muhammad Nasir | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Assessment Of Post Prandial Glycemic Response Of Pasteurized Camel Milk In Comparison With Pasteurized Cow Milk Among Normal, Prediabetic And Diabetic Human Subjects Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2739-T] (1).
35.
Assessment Of Post Prandial Glycemic Response Of Pasteurized Camel Milk In Comparison With Pasteurized Cow Milk Among Normal, Prediabetic And Diabetic Human Subjects
by Moeena Baig (2014-VA-770) | Dr. Muhammad Nasir | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman | Dr. Zubair Farooq.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Assessment Of Post Prandial Glycemic Response Of Pasteurized Camel Milk In Comparison With Pasteurized Cow Milk Among Normal, Prediabetic And Diabetic Human Subjects Availability: No items available
36.
Comparison Of Cold Versus Warm Blood Cardioplegia In Diabetic Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting On Cardiopulmonary Bypass
by Komal Saeed Awan (2014-VA-953) | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman | Dr. Wasim Shehzad.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: In cardiopulmonary bypass, inflammatory reaction started in the body as the blood cells comes in contact with the nonphysiological surfaces. This response is more prominent in high risk diabetic patients. Since warm cardioplegia is more prone to an incidence of stroke, increase level of cardiac enzymes and is more controversial. However, cold blood cardioplegia gives better myocardial protection, less inotropic support and inflammatory response.
Data were collected on pre designed proforma for the pre operative, per operative and post operative findings. Consecutive 140 patients were included in this study after fulfilling the inclusive criteria. In this seven day trial we compared hospital outcomes of diabetic patients undergoing CABG (coronary artery bypass grafting) on cardiopulmonary bypass with either intermittent antegradge cold or warm blood cardioplegia. Outcomes of this trial were divided into primary and secondary end points. Hospital mortality was primary end point and need of ionotropic support, left ventricular function, infection, inflammation and cardiac enzymes were secondary end point. Ionotropic support data indicated that cold blood cardioplegia is better than warm blood cardioplegia.
Results have demonstrated that risk factors like smoking, hyperlipidemia, renal failure has shown no significant results in both cardioplegia techniques. Ventricular assist device Intra aortic balloon pump has shown no significant results. Use of inotropes has shown significant results in both groups like adrenaline, nor-adrenaline and dopamine doses were higher in WBC. Post operative ejection fraction has shown no significant results between groups. Effect of cardiac enzymes and c-reactive protein has shown significant results in both groups. Results have demonstrated that in CBC Cardiac enzymes and inflammatory response were significantly less. Post operative blood parameters hemoglobin, serum creatinine and blood sugar level have shown significant differences between groups. Bypass time and aortic cross clamp have shown no effect between groups. The result of this study indicated that cold blood cardioplegia is superior over warm blood cardioplegia in cardiopulmonary bypass diabetic patients.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2747-T] (1).
37.
Comparison Of Cold Versus Warm Blood Cardioplegia In Diabetic Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting On Cardiopulmonary Bypass
by Komal Saeed Awan (2014-VA-953) | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman | Dr. Wasim Shehzad.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: In cardiopulmonary bypass, inflammatory reaction started in the body as the blood cells comes in contact with the nonphysiological surfaces. This response is more prominent in high risk diabetic patients. Since warm cardioplegia is more prone to an incidence of stroke, increase level of cardiac enzymes and is more controversial. However, cold blood cardioplegia gives better myocardial protection, less inotropic support and inflammatory response.
Data were collected on pre designed proforma for the pre operative, per operative and post operative findings. Consecutive 140 patients were included in this study after fulfilling the inclusive criteria. In this seven day trial we compared hospital outcomes of diabetic patients undergoing CABG (coronary artery bypass grafting) on cardiopulmonary bypass with either intermittent antegradge cold or warm blood cardioplegia. Outcomes of this trial were divided into primary and secondary end points. Hospital mortality was primary end point and need of ionotropic support, left ventricular function, infection, inflammation and cardiac enzymes were secondary end point. Ionotropic support data indicated that cold blood cardioplegia is better than warm blood cardioplegia.
Results have demonstrated that risk factors like smoking, hyperlipidemia, renal failure has shown no significant results in both cardioplegia techniques. Ventricular assist device Intra aortic balloon pump has shown no significant results. Use of inotropes has shown significant results in both groups like adrenaline, nor-adrenaline and dopamine doses were higher in WBC. Post operative ejection fraction has shown no significant results between groups. Effect of cardiac enzymes and c-reactive protein has shown significant results in both groups. Results have demonstrated that in CBC Cardiac enzymes and inflammatory response were significantly less. Post operative blood parameters hemoglobin, serum creatinine and blood sugar level have shown significant differences between groups. Bypass time and aortic cross clamp have shown no effect between groups. The result of this study indicated that cold blood cardioplegia is superior over warm blood cardioplegia in cardiopulmonary bypass diabetic patients.
Availability: No items available
38.
Assessment Of Glycemic Modulation In Diabetic Sprague Dawley Rats Through Feeding Camel Milk Whey
by Rabia Akram (2014-VA-769) | Dr. Muhammad Nasir | Prof. Dr. Habib-ur-Rehman | Dr. Zubair Farooq.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: The number of people diagnosed with diabetes is increasing tremendously exhausting the ability of health care systems to deal with the epidemic. Therefore it is necessary to find scientific merits in traditional folk remedies to justify their claims. Number of investigational studies on the traditional belief that regular consumption of camel milk helps in the prevention and control of diabetes are done by experimentations on different animal models have given significant results. Therefore present project was designed for evaluation of camel milk whey as functional food against diabetes mellitus. In the first part of study whey was extracted and in the second part of study efficacy of camel milk whey as functional food against diabetes mellitus was evaluated in male Sprague dawley rats. Seventy two rats were induced diabetes by injecting Streptozotocin (50 mg/ kg) dissolved in cold 10mM of citrate buffer at pH of 4.5. Diabetes was induced in group I, II and III rats and feed on three types of diet (standard diet + water, standard diet + raw camel milk and standard diet + camel milk whey) respectively. After the induction of diabetes it was confirmed by checking the 8 hour fastening blood glucose level using the Abbot glucometer, rats with blood glucose greater than 200mg/dl were considered diabetic. Base line reading were recorded by decapitating 6 rats from each group. Parameters which were consider included serum blood glucose level(mg/dl), TGL (mg/dl), cholesterol (mg/dl), HDL (mg/dl) and LDL (mg/dl) further more to observe the changes at cellular level histopathology of liver and pancreas was also performed. Therefore the present study consisting of duration of 6 weeks showed that camel milk whey is concentrated with number of beneficial proteins that are helpful in reducing the blood glucose level significantly in diabetic rats as well as it also remarkably in creased the level of LDL. The histopathology report of organs i.e. liver and pancreas showed improvement gradually with the ongoing treatment and these improvements strongly prove
Summary
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that composition of serum not only improved temporarily but long term use of camel milk whey could not only help to improve serum composition but it also cases regeneration of degraded cells of pancreas and also improved the sinusoidal congestion in liver. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2773-T] (1).
39.
Comparative Morphological Study Of Gastrointestinal Organs Of Domestic And Wild Migratory Duck In Pakistan
by Muhammad Shuaib (2015-VA-1059) | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Dr. Saima Masood | Prof. Dr. Habib-Ur-Rehman.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Reported literature provides limited information on histology and histomorphometry of its GIT organs and gut associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) of wild duck (Gadwall; Anas strepera). This study seeks to document histology and histomorphometric features of above-mentioned organs of Gadwall and compare them to those of the domestic duck.
Seven adult domestic and wild ducks were collected from local market and Chashma Barrage, Mianwali, respectively. After slaughtering, samples from esophagus, proventriculus, gizzard, pyloric tonsils, small intestine and cecal segments were collected. GIT and visceral organs length and weight were recorded respectively. All the samples were processed by paraffin embedding technique followed by H&E and Alcian blue-PAS staining techniques. The slides were observed under bright field microscope for measurements (LABOMED® USA). For esophagus, thicknesses of layers of its wall were recorded. For proventriculus and gizzard, histological description was considered. For small intestines, villus height, width and surface area, crypt depth, thickness of lamina propria, muscularis mucosae and tunica muscularis were recorded, and IELs and goblet cells were counted. For pyloric and cecal tonsils, height, width, number and distribution area of lymphatic nodules were recorded. Independent sample t-test was used to analyze the data (mean ± SEM). Differences was considered significant at p<0.05.
The results showed that in wild ducks live body weight was lower as compared to the domestic ducks. In wild ducks esophagus length was lower as compared to the domestic ducks. The relative weight of the esophagus was higher in the wild ducks as compared to the domestic ducks. The relative weights (filled and empty) of proventriculus, gizzard and small intestine were higher in the wild ducks as compared to the domestic ducks.
Summary
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In wild ducks large intestine length was higher as compared to the domestic ducks. In the wild ducks relative weights of spleen, pyloric tonsils and Bursa of Fabricius were higher as compared to the domestic ducks.
The results of histomorphometry of the different layers of esophagus showed that epithelium thickness was lower in the wild ducks as compared to the domestic ducks. While thickness of the lamina propria and muscularis mucosa were higher in the wild duck as compared to the domestic ducks. In the duodenum villus width, villus surface area and muscularis mucosa thickness were found lower in the wild ducks, as compared to the domestic ducks. In the jejunum thickness of lamina propria and tunica muscularis were higher in the wild ducks as compared to the domestic ducks. In wild ducks villus height, villus surface area, crypt depth and tunica muscularis thickness of ileum were higher as compared to the domestic ducks. In cecal and pyloric tonsils, length width and number of the lymphatic nodules were lower and higher respectively in the wild ducks as compared to the domestic ducks. In the wild ducks, intraepithelial lymphocytes count in duodenum was lower as compared to the domestic ducks. While the intraepithelial lymphocytes count in ileum was higher in the wild ducks as compared to the domestic ducks. In duodenum of wild ducks acidic, mixed goblet cell count and their total count was lower (p<0.05) as compared to the duodenum of domestic ducks.
In conclusion wild duck has slightly better developed immune and GIT organs than those of the domestic duck. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2791-T] (1).
40.
Effects Of Supplementation Of Zinc Sulphate And Lactobacillus Based Probiotic On Oxidative Status And Liver Health In Broilers
by Wishah Bilal (2015-VA-04) | Dr. Sajid Khan Tahir | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman | Dr. Sanaullah Iqbal.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Zinc is considered as one of the essential nutrients as well as a dietary supplement required for animal metabolism. Use of probiotics enhances mucosal immunity of intestine i.e. it prevents the mucosa against the toxins formed by pathogenic microorganisms. Combined effect of zinc and probiotics may show a better response than their single effect on the oxidative status, biochemical profile and thyroid hormones in broilers. Our research was aimed to determine the single as well as combined effects of zinc and probiotic on oxidative status, liver enzymes, serum glucose, total serum proteins, thyroid hormones, urea, uric acid and creatinine levels in broilers.
A total of 192 day old broiler chicks were randomly selected and divided into six groups: Control, Zn30 (30mg Zn/ kg diet), Zn60 (60mg Zn/ kg diet), Pro (0.1g/ kg Protexin®), Com30 (30mg Zn/ kg diet + 0.1g/ kg Protexin®) and Com60 (60mg Zn/ kg diet + 0.1g/ kg Protexin®). Birds were raised under standard management conditions and were given free access to feed and water for a period of 42 days. For biochemical analysis, blood was collected in falcon tubes after slaughtering. For serum separation, blood was centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 10 min and stored at ˗20˚C. The parameters that were studied included: serum catalase, MDA, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, ALT, AST, T3, T4, urea, uric acid and creatinine. Data was analyzed by applying one-way ANOVA using SPSS. Group differences were compared by Duncan Multiple Range Test and were considered significant at P<0.05.
According to our study catalase activity was found significantly lower (P<0.05) and MDA level was found significantly higher (P<0.05) in the control group as compared to the supplemented groups. The birds fed with a combination of zinc (60 mg/kg) and protexin showed highest (P<0.05) catalase activity and lowest (P<0.05) MDA level in comparison to other supplemented groups. A significant increase (P<0.05) in serum proteins was obseved with all the supplementations in comparison to the control group. Only the combination of zinc (30 mg/kg) and protexin did not show the expected result. In our research we found that protexin significantly increased (P<0.05) serum T3 level as compared to other supplemented groups while zinc (30 mg/kg) showed significantly lower (P<0.05) serum T3 level than the control group. On the other hand, serum T4 concentration significantly increased (P<0.05) with both zinc (60 mg/kg diet) and its combination with protexin. Our research depicted that combination of zinc (60mg/kg diet) and protexin significantly increased (P<0.05) urea while both the combinations showed significantly increased (P<0.05) uric acid and (P<0.05) decreased creatinine concentrations in serum. There was no significant (P<0.05) change in serum glucose, ALT and AST concentrations in birds given zinc and probiotic supplementations.
It can be concluded that protexin and zinc supplementations are beneficial in improving biochemical parameters of broilers, yet their synergistic effects need to be studied further.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2802-T] (1).
41.
Effects Of Zinc And Protexin Co-Supplementation On Redox Status And Thyroid Hormonal Profile In Heat Stressed Broilers
by Ayesha Siddiqa (2015-VA-442) | Dr. Sajid Khan Tahir | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman | Ms. Amina Chughtai.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Zinc is an essential trace mineral crucial to growth, enzyme systems, immunity, reproduction and antioxidant defense system as a co-factor to Superoxide Dismutase enzyme. Probiotics are well known for improving digestion and utilization of nutrients and minerals by producing digestive enzymes and volatile fatty acids and alleviating heat stress through stabilization of normal microflora disrupted under heat stress. Our study investigated the individual as well as synergistic effects of Zinc and Protexin, on redox status, thyroid hormones and liver enzymes in broilers reared under cyclic heat stress as no literature was documented so far on the given subject as far as our discretion goes.
Our experimental trial included 224 d-old broilers randomly segregated into seven groups of eight replicates each. Group A (TN control) was fed basal diet (BD) only, Group B (HS) was given BD and exposed to 35 ± 1.1°C; 75 ± 5% RH heat stress whereas the remaining groups C, D, E, F and G were given diets supplemented with 30mg ZnSO4/kg BD, 60mg ZnSO4/kg BD, 0.1g Protexin®/kg BD, 30mg/Kg feed ZnSO4 + 0.1g/Kg feed Protexin®, 60mg/Kg feed ZnSO4 + 0.1g/Kg feed Protexin® respectively along with 8 hourly cyclic heat stress (35 ± 1.1°C; 75 ± 5% RH). Two birds per replicate were slaughtered at the end of trial to collect whole blood, serum, pectoralis muscle and liver tissue for biochemical analyses.
Results showed that heat stress caused significant (p<0.05) elevation in whole blood, serum, muscle and liver MDA levels in heat stress (HS) group. Serum AST, ALT, Glucose, Urea and Uric acid were also significantly (p<0.05) raised in the HS group. Catalase activity was significantly (p<0.05) increased in whole blood, serum and liver of birds belonging to HS group and in pectoralis muscle of birds in Com60 group. Moreover, serum T3 was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in the HS group. All dietary supplementations significantly (p<0.05) reduced MDA levels (whole blood, serum, muscle and tissue), serum AST and ALT and significantly (p<0.05) increased serum T3 concentration. Broilers supplemented with combination of ZnSO4 (30mg/kg diet) and Protexin (0.1g/kg diet) exhibited lowest MDA, AST, ALT, Urea, Uric acid and Glucose concentrations compared to other diets. No significant changes were observed in serum T4 and Creatinine concentrations.
Based on our findings, it can be concluded that dietary supplementation of Zinc or Protexin either alone or specifically combined can effectively attenuate adverse effects of heat stress and can be safely incorporated as a novel supplement in broilers’ feed to reduce lipid per oxidation however further studies are recommended in order to elucidate and confirm our results.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2841-T] (1).
42.
Effect Of Bisphenol-A On Glucose Uptake And Electrophysiology Of Isolated Ileum Of Rabbit
by Hina Rafiq (2014-VA-921) | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman | Dr. Rahat Naseer.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: A major nutritional problem these days is the biological and chemical contamination of food with environmental chemicals. Bisphenol-A (BPA) is one of a chemical which is produce worldwide and cause food contamination. BPA has many genomic and non-genomic effects and target various organs of both human and animals and cause hazardous effects. BPA cause other diseases such as angina, coronary heart disease, heart attack, stroke, asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, arthritis, thyroid hormone disruption, liver damage and disrupted beta cell function. It has adverse effects on the homeostasis of glucose which leads to the metabolic disorders like insulin resistant type 2 diabetes. BPA also affect the barrier function of small intestine. The current study was aimed to investigate the effect of BPA on the barrier function of intestine.
Bisphenol-A (BPA) wasdisrupt glucose uptake and perturb the gut barrier function. Our study aimed to find out the effect of Bisphenol-A on the electrophysiology of ileum of small intestine of rabbit.For this purpose twenty healthy rabbits of uniform age and weight were selected and slaughtered at slaughter house of UVAS. Ileum was taken from the intestinal part and rinsed with standard buffer. Serosallayer was removed and tissue was mounted in Ussing Chamber. After incubation period of 15-20mins different groups were treated with different concentrations of BPA anddivided into four groups (A, B, C, and D), each having five rabbits. Group A, was control. In group B, tissue was treated with Bisphenol-A 5 µM. Group C was treated with 15 µM of Bisphenol-A, and group D was treated with 30µM of Bisphenol-A. After treatment the electrophysiological parameters like short circuit current (Isc), conductance (Gt) and potential difference (mV)was observed. BPA affected the electrophysiology of isolated ileum of rabbit by decreasing the short circuit current. The decrease of current between the groups is significant (p value < 0.05). Iscwas significantly decrease between the groups containing 5µМ BPA and control group.Gtwas significantly different from group 5µМ and group 15µМ of BPA.mV was significantly different from control group and group 15µМ of BPA.
Statistical analysis was conducted with statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS). The data were analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Post hoc test was carried out using Tukey. P value was considered significant at P<0.05. The result of this study showed that BPA 5µM effects the electrophysiology of intestine as compared to other groups (15 µM and 30 µM). Suggesting a possible role of BPA in affected intestinal barrier function and glucose uptake.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2838-T] (1).
43.
In-Vitro Effect Of Chromium Chloride On The Electrophysiological Indices Of Jejunum In Broilers.
by Maria Khalid Majeed (2014-VA-961) | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman | Dr. Sajid Khan Tahir | Dr. Wasim Shehzad.
Material type: Publisher: 2017Dissertation note:
Chromium is a well-known component of glucose tolerance factor, which participates in glucose metabolism by enhancing the effects of insulin. The Ussing chamber is a very powerful technique to study ion transport across tissues. This study is to determine the effect of chromium chloride hexahydrate on electrophysiology of jejunum and its interaction with glucose transport.
According the background we concluded the hypothesis i-e Chromium chloride may enhance the glucose transport in jejunum mucosa of the broilers. To approach this hypothesis, we performed an experiment into different groups. In overall experiment, we take Twelve broilers of 35 days of age was procured from local farm. After a week, birds were slaughtered; jejunum section of the birds were isolated then stripped off serosal layer. Each segment of the intestine was mounted and labelled on ussing chamber separately with groups viz, Group1 (0μM, control), Group2 (5μM CrCl3), Group3 (10μM CrCl3). After baseline, add CrCl3 to the mucosal side of UC and note the reaction. Then Add glucose after incubation period. The peak response obtained within 2-3 mins. Then the change in Isc (ΔIsc) was calculated approximately after addition of CrCl3 and glucose. The PD, Isc, and Gt were measured by voltage/current clamp. The data was analysed using one-way ANOVA and was presented as mean±SEM. Group differences were compared by Duncan multiple range Test (P<0.05). The current study showed that there are no significant differences shown in initial short circuit current and ▲Isc and tissue conductance before and after adding the chemicals. In conclusion, it is hoped that results presented in the current research would open avenues for further discussion and more concerted investigations into each of the area covered. More specifically, there are no previous research reports on the in vitro effect of chromium chloride hexahydrate in poultry. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2869-T] (1).
44.
Hepato-Protective Effect Of Montelukast Against Methotrexate Induced Liver Toxicity In Rats
by Sarwat Noreen (2014-VA-936) | Prof. Dr. Habib-ur-Rehman | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Muhammad Nasir .
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: This study was designed to evaluate the beneficial effects of montelukast against anti- cancerous drug methotrxate and to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of montelukast on blood serum in rats and to find the hepatoprotective effecst on liver after methotrexate induced toxicity in rats. Methotrexate (MTX) is used as anti-cancerous drugs used in different malignancies and immunological issues like hepatotoxicity and bone marrow depletion
Montelukast is an anti-asthmatic drug, which act as antagonist of cysteinly leukotriene
receptors,in inflammation and oxidative stress. Montelukast decrease the risk of hepatic damage after cancerous drug treatment decrease the liver enzymes by inhibiting the cysteinyl leukotriene receptors.
In University Of Veterinary And Animal Sciences, thirty Wister rats, six rats in each five group were kept in stainless steel cages and following treatment plan was given to animals.
Group 1: (Negative control) injected I/P with physiological saline from day zero to day four and then given with 2% ethanol from day four to day ten.
Group:2 (MK positive control) injected I/P with MK(10mg/kg body weight, BW) from day four to day ten for consecutive seven days.
Group 3: (MTX positive control) injected at day zero I/p with a singl dose of MTX (20mg/kg BW) per ten days.
Group 4: (MTX-MK 5) were given at day zero I/P with a single dose of MTX (20mg/kg BW) and then injected I/P with MK (5mg/kg BW) from day four to day ten for consecutive seven days.
Group 5: (MTK-MK 10) were given at day zero I/p with a single dose of MTX (20mg/kg BW) and then given I/P with MK (10mg/kg BW) from day four to day ten for consective seven days.
One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used for data analysis. Social sciences (SPSS) with the statistical package analysis was conducted inc. window version 20, Chicago, IIinois). Mean ± S.E.M was used for data presented. Duncan’s Multiple range test differences used for the group differences comparison.
Results
Montelukast decrease the risk of hepatic damage after cancerous drug treatment decrease the liver enzymes montelukast used against anti- cancerous drug methotrxate, and to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of montelukast on blood serum in rats to find the hepatoprotective effects on liver after methotrexate induced toxicity in rats.
Conclusion
End of this study we have concluded that methotrexate toxicity can be normalize with the use of montelukast, it reduce the chances of hepatic damage and serum cholesterol, high density lipids and triglycerides. Montelukast significantly reduce the total cholesterol, ALT and bilirubin level. it also normalize the bilirubin and albumin level in serum.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2926-T] (1).
45.
Analysis Of Tp53 Gene Isolated From Oral Cancer Patients
by Amir Saleem (2013-VA-897) | Dr. Muhammad Wasim | Prof. Dr. Tahir Yaqub | Prof. Dr. Habib-ur-Rehman.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Cancer is a term used for disease in which abnormal cells divide without control and are able to invade other tissues. Cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body through blood and lymph system.
TP53 is one of the most important tumor suppressor genes, mutated in more than 50% of human malignancies. It controls DNA repair, cell cycle and apoptosis and therefore plays an essential role in keeping genetic constancy. TP53 gene is present on the short arm of chromosome number 17. In human it extends 19,200 bp in 11 exons.
Various parameters are used in the present study was aimed to investigate coding regions of TP53 gene for analyzing the mutations involved in oral cancer. Human OSCC samples (15) and normal tissue samples (15) were collected from Fatima Memorial Hospital Lahore. Samples were collected in tubes by oncologist containing ethanol and then brought to Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Lab of Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, UVAS Lahore and frozen at -20°C before DNA extraction. Samples have been processed for research purpose. DNA was extracted from tissue by using Trizol Method and quantity was checked by nanodrop spectrophotometer. Two Primer sets were designed to amplify protein coding region of TP53 gene. After amplification through PCR, DNA Sequencing was done. Data interpretation was done by using several softwares like BLAST alignment tool, Bioedit, Clustal W2.
In this study it was tried to find out the mutations in TP53 but no any kind of mutations were identified. Because I conducted my research only on 15 samples. So in future to use this gene as a potentional biomarker we can increase our number of samples.
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The need for today is to develop valid biomarkers, which can be incorporated in ongoing in vivo and in vitro clinical mechanistic and improve the diagnosis and prognosis of this dreadful disease.
In the conclusion, we must say that further study, with much larger sample number, is required to revise the effects of this polymorphism and accurately identifying the associated factors. There is a need to explore the other gene mutations causing oral cancer in local population of Punjab and Pakistan that will ultimately help to develop genetic counseling strategies, gene therapies and prenatal diagnostic procedures for the population of Pakistan. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2937-T] (1).
